An interior point linear programming approach to two-scan dataassociation

We present an efficient two-scan data association method (TSDA) based on an interior point linear programming (LP) approach. In this approach, the TSDA problem is first formulated as a 3-dimensional assignment problem, and then relaxed to a linear program; the latter is subsequently solved by the highly efficient homogeneous, self-dual interior point LP algorithm. When the LP algorithm generates a fractional optimal solution, we use a technique similar to the joint probabilistic data association method (JPDA) to compute a weighted average of the resulting fractional assignments, and use it to update the states of the existing tracks generated by Kalman filters. Unlike the traditional single scan JPDA method, our TSDA method provides an explicit mechanism for track initiation. Extensive computer simulations have demonstrated that the new TSDA method is not only far more efficient in terms of low computational complexity, but also considerably more accurate than the existing single-scan JPDA method     

C-17 successful application of existing automatic test equipment

The C-17 Program utilizes existing B-1B Automatic Test Equipment (ATE). The C-17 decision is in harmony with the Air Force emphasis on reducing proliferation of unique ATE. The ATE selection was made after consideration of cost, performance and supportability tradeoffs. Minimal augmentation of the government inventoried equipment was required which did not affect the existing hardware and software configuration, This approach significantly reduced C-17 program ATE development costs and afforded the program the use of established logistics elements and support structure. The C-17 program demanded concurrency of support structure and aircraft development-the ATE solution met that demand by reducing risks to a manageable level for both test program set development, and Air Force operation and training requirements     

Computational prediction of airfoil dynamic stall

The term dynamic stall refers to unsteady flow separation occurring on aerodynamic bodies, such as airfoils and wings, which execute an unsteady motion. The prediction of dynamic stall is important for flight vehicle, turbomachinery, and wind turbine applications. Due to the complicated flow physics of the dynamic stall phenomenon the industry has been forced to use empirical methods for its prediction. However, recent progress in computational methods and the tremendous increase in computing power has made possible the use of the full fluid dynamic governing equations for dynamic stall investigation and prediction in the design process. It is the objective of this review to present the major approaches and results obtained in recent years and to point out existing deficiencies and possibilities for improvements. To this end, potential flow, boundary layer, viscous–inviscid interaction, and Navier–Stokes methods are described. The most commonly used numerical schemes for their solution are briefly described. Turbulence models used for the computation of high Reynolds number turbulent flows, which are of primary interest to industry, are presented. The impact of transition from laminar to turbulent flow on the dynamic stall phenomenon is discussed and currently available methods for its prediction are summarized. The main computational results obtained for airfoil and wing dynamic stall and comparisons with available experimental measurements are presented. The review concludes with a discussion of existing deficiencies and possibilities for future improvements.     

Interface Problems in a Multipurpose Tester

This paper discusses an approach to the analysis of existing support systems and provides a guide for the planning of new systems. An analysis of the basic elements of a support system is presented and, having defined a set of basic elements for a support system, this paper then applies these elements to the special problems of a multipurpose tester. Several examples of the interface element are presented, each example providing a different approach to the solution of the interface problem, and the relative merits of each solution are discussed.     

Is information security an oxymoron?

Although weaknesses have been demonstrated in some security techniques (encryption, protocols, mobile code such as Java, etc.), current security technology is quite strong in many areas. Despite this, information security has proved difficult to achieve in large modern software systems. Many problems have been reported in which supposedly secure systems have been penetrated and, in some cases, significant damage done. One problem considered is a buffer-overrun attack. The idea called a 〈wrapper〉 which is a layer of software that logically surrounds a software artifact and enhances the functionality of the artifact in some way, is then discussed. Most proposals for the use of wrappers assume that their presence is transparent to the artifact being wrapped. In other words, the artifact sees its operating environment as unchanged and the artifact does not have to be modified in i order to permit it to be wrapped. Wrappers have been proposed as an approach to dealing with deficiencies in existing systems, deficiencies in security for example. The use of shells as a feasible solution to the problem of security is also considered     

复合材料叠层结构边缘应力分析的翘曲修正模型

研究复合材料叠层结构在单轴拉伸状态下的边缘应力问题。在厚度方向 ,利用翘曲修正理论 ,推导出了叠层板三个方向的位移分布规律 ;在宽度方向 ,采用升阶谱位移模式 ;应用虚功原理 ,给出了叠层板边缘应力分析的特殊有限元模型。通过典型例题的计算表明 :边缘应力计算结果与精确弹性解符合很好 ,还进行了收敛性的研究。本文方法的自由度度少 ,方法简单 ,优于差分法、常规有限元法 ,适用于解决边缘效应问题     

建立符合原有工装的飞机外形数学模型

如何在以建模量为协调依据的老飞机上实施数字化技术，并在原则上不报废原有工装的情况下，建立一套与现行生产所用外形数据协调一致的设计和生产可用的飞机外形数学模型是一个急需解决的问题，本文给出了建立符合原有工装的飞机外形数学模型的一种方法。     

一种改进的强跟踪UKF算法及其在SINS大方位失准角初始对准中的应用

针对现有的强跟踪无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）算法存在理论依据不足和滤波性能欠佳等问题,从正交性原理出发,通过严谨的推导得到强跟踪UKF成立的充分条件,在此基础上提出一种改进的强跟踪UKF算法。该算法无需求解雅可比矩阵且计算量较小,渐消因子的作用位置以及求解公式均不同于原始的强跟踪滤波器。给出了该算法的流程和渐消因子的求解方法,证明了该算法满足强跟踪滤波器的充分条件,并分析了其渐消因子的作用机理。进行了捷联惯性导航系统（SINS）大方位失准角初始对准仿真,结果验证了所提强跟踪UKF算法的正确性和有效性。     

一种改进的强跟踪 UKF 算法及其在 SINS 大方位失准角初始对准中的应用郭泽,缪玲娟,赵洪松简

 针对现有的强跟踪无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）算法存在理论依据不足和滤波性能欠佳等问题,从正交性原理出发,通过严谨的推导得到强跟踪UKF成立的充分条件,在此基础上提出一种改进的强跟踪UKF算法。该算法无需求解雅可比矩阵且计算量较小,渐消因子的作用位置以及求解公式均不同于原始的强跟踪滤波器。给出了该算法的流程和渐消因子的求解方法,证明了该算法满足强跟踪滤波器的充分条件,并分析了其渐消因子的作用机理。进行了捷联惯性导航系统（SINS）大方位失准角初始对准仿真,结果验证了所提强跟踪UKF算法的正确性和有效性。     

Multi-EAP:Extended EAP for multi-estimate extraction for SMC-PHD filter

The ability to extract state-estimates for each target of a multi-target posterior, referred to as multi-estimate extraction (MEE), is an essential requirement for a multi-target filter, whose key performance assessments are based on accuracy, computational efficiency and reliability. The probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter, implemented by the sequential Monte Carlo approach, affords a computationally efficient solution to general multi-target filtering for a time-varying num-ber of targets, but leaves no clue for optimal MEE. In this paper, new data association techniques are proposed to distinguish real measurements of targets from clutter, as well as to associate par-ticles with measurements. The MEE problem is then formulated as a family of parallel single-estimate extraction problems, facilitating the use of the classic expected a posteriori (EAP) estima-tor, namely the multi-EAP (MEAP) estimator. The resulting MEAP estimator is free of iterative clustering computation, computes quickly and yields accurate and reliable estimates. Typical sim-ulation scenarios are employed to demonstrate the superiority of the MEAP estimator over existing methods in terms of faster processing speed and better estimation accuracy.     

金属任意腐蚀损伤量的日历寿命计算模型和曲线

国际机械日历寿命研究,都是在假设已知腐蚀损伤容限Dc的前提下,求在这个Dc下的金属日历寿命。为了便于应用,本文不再假设腐蚀损伤容限Dc为已知数,而是把Dc当做变量,求金属任意腐蚀损伤量Di的日历寿命。本文通过多方面深入研究,发现腐蚀试验溶液的浓度dt与试验时间Ht的乘积除以试验获得的腐蚀损伤Dt等于一个常数。由此给出一种简单易行的金属任意腐蚀损伤量日历寿命的计算模型和相应的求解曲线。由此模型或曲线,可求得金属任意腐蚀损伤量的日历寿命。     

Securing large applications against command injections

The ability to produce more secure software or to improve the security of existing software is a growing concern and a real challenge for the field of software engineering. Among the various existing types of software vulnerabilities, command injections are particularly common. It is a difficult problem to address, having seemingly endless variations. We present a unified, formal definition of command injections that, is not based on a particular technology and captures not only the existing variations but also the future instances of the problem. We then propose a Simple, yet effective, strategy to deal with the problem in existing large applications, focusing on the cost-effectiveness of the method. We also report on successful experiments applying our solution to large commercial applications.     

全断面掘进技术及相关工程问题的探讨

围绕工程中全断面掘进（TBM）技术面临的主要问题,即施工中的导向控制、超前地质预报、岩（土）层变形分析及掘进性能数值仿真等,分析问题成因。对现有文献解决方案进行比较、分类和说明,并重点介绍其中关键技术的发展。     

一种悬挂物兼容飞机航电与武器总线的设计方法

在某悬挂物作为通用系统挂装不同型号飞机时,由于不同型号飞机对该悬挂物采用航电和武器两种不同的总线通信方式,导致该悬挂物不能兼容挂载多型飞机。本文针对现有的总线应用情况,提出了一种悬挂物可兼容飞机不同总线通信方式的设计方案,并给出了方案的具体实现方法。     

Reacting to new air defence threats: a netcentric approach to the Hungarian air defence system augmented by VHF radars

Different types of distributed radar systems and data fusion centers are increasingly used by surface-based air defense systems. Besides the well-established airborne threats, new platforms for air surveillance and attacking devices have appeared and recognized air picture (RAP) production needs to be revised and modified following the events of September 11, 2001. From a military operational and logistic support point of view, it is well-known that not only the long range radars currently in operation, but also the recently procured radars, degrade in performance rapidly and their maintenance costs are high. Using the possibilities offered by emerging technical developments, the problem is to upgrade sensors and existing infrastructure in a way that exploits the information gathered optimally. It is the opinion of this author that one of the most promising approaches to emphasis net-centricity is the use of radar-triangle netcentric structures augmented by netted VHF radars to solve these tasks in a cost-effective manner. This work introduces an analysis of a solution that fully integrates newly required capabilities into the current long range radar net and infrastructure, keeping research and development (R&D) and maintenance at a low cost.     

基于.NET平台的中小型企业车间生产管理系统

分析了典型中小型企业车间生产的特点,总结出一套切实可行的车间生产管理系统解决方案.该方案基于B/S架构,所开发的系统从易用性和效率上都有很大的提高.     

基于改进模糊c-均值数据预处理方法的研究

在数据预处理过程中模糊c-均值对初值的设定非常敏感,如果初值设置不好容易陷入局部最优解。提出了用减法聚类对模糊c-均值进行初值设定的方法,并把其应用到了模糊规则的生成过程中,通过实验可知应用此种方法不但可以得到全局最优解,加快收敛速度而且不必事先给定聚类个数,所以这是一种行之有效的数据预处理方法。     

A shortcut to marking 3D target curves on curved surface via a galvanometric laser scanner

Marking arbitrary three-dimensional(3D) target curves on given objects with curved surface is required in many industrial fields, such as fabric prepreg placement in composite material part fabrication, product assembly, surface painting for decoration, etc. A shortcut to the solution of this intractable problem is proposed by utilizing a galvanometric laser scanner(GLS) with the aid of a camera. Without using the existing tedious GLS calibration procedures,the proposed method directly establishes a mapping between the 3D coordinates of the laser spots on the object surface and the control voltages of the scanner. A single-hidden layer feedforward neural network(SLFN) is employed to model the mapping. By projecting a dense grid of laser spots on the object to be marked and simultaneously taking only one image, the SLFN model is trained in minutes via a linear solving mechanism. Experiments demonstrate that the trained SLFN model has a good generalization performance for marking 3D target curves. The 3D laser marking errors on experimental objects are less than 0.5 mm. The proposed method is especially suitable for on-site use and can be conveniently extended to multiple GLSs for marking large complex objects.     

Conception of spacecraft centralized power supply

A reliable power supply for spacecraft is one of the central problems determining the future development of space technology. The traditional solution to this problem implies having an autonomous power plant on board each spacecraft. The most widely used are power plants with solar cells. However, there exists an alternative power supply concept of using a centralized power supply system (CPSS) and power transmission to the user satellites by laser or microwave beams. Use of a CPSS has a number of advantages. In particular, it allows the spacecraft to increase power supply level and service life as well as to decrease the spacecraft mass and cost. However, it sets new physical and technical problems associated with long distance power transmission and requires some changes in spacecraft structure and concepts. The feasibility study of CPSS development and use has to rely on existing or firmly forecastable technologies. An attempt of such an analysis has been done by a group of scientists at Moscow State Aviation Institute during 1994-1996. The very first results have already been published. This paper discusses new results obtained lately regarding a space based CPSS     

Precise Decoupling Tracking of Airspeed and Altitude for UAV Based on Causal Solution of Stable Inversion

Use stable inversion to accomplish precise decoupling tracking of airspeed and altitude for conventional takeoff and landing of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is in essence a non-minimum phase output tracking problem. The main contribution of this article is that a new method to calculate the causal solution of stable inversion is proposed by introducing a well defined perturbed signal to the system's unstable internal dynamics. It is helpful to overcome the pitfalls resulting from non-causality in existing methods. Different from the mathematically accurate offline non-causal solution, the causal solution is an approximation with asymptotically convergent errors. The important merits are: It obviates the needs for the output trajectory to be pre-known time parameterized functions, hence broadening the application of stable inversion; The low computational workload is much more suitable for and beneficial to real-time applications than any existing method based on stable inversion. The output tracking problem is then converted into a state tracking problem based on the causal solution of stable inversion. Precise decoupling tracking of airspeed and altitude is realized by using a feedback controller. Simulations are carried out to verify the viability and low computational workload of the method.