Automated air defense system using knowledge-based system

The proposed KAAD (knowledge-based automated air defense) system demonstrates a man-machine environment for airspace defense systems. When the unknown aircraft is hostile, a threat rating and response methods are generated by the system. It serves as a double-check decision-making system for a war control center. In addition to this application, the KAAD system can also be a useful tool as a training program for the war controller. The capabilities of the system are limited due to the shortage of knowledge resources. It requires communications among war controllers and air fighter pilots to organize a practical knowledge base. It is shown that the KAAD system can be combined with an automated ATC (air traffic control) system to become a practical system for air defense applications     

陆基无线电授时系统信号分析与解算

时间应用的广泛性以及授时战的提出,使国家更加重视授时服务体系的完备性以及灵活性。为顺应授时战要求,从我国整体授时体系出发,简单介绍授时系统的工作原理,从多方面对比各类授时系统;主要分析了我国陆基无线电授时系统的发播程序以及信号格式等,对BPM短波呼号以及时码结构进行补充与修正,并讲解对陆基无线电授时信号的解算过程,利用实际试验验证解算方法的可行性;最后根据我国目前授时体系的现状以及授时战的要求,给出应对授时战的技术路线,对未来我国授时体系发展方向提出建议。     

多机空战仿真的飞机简化模型研究

概述了多机空战仿真的概念和国内外研究现状 ,对多机空战仿真中的飞机数学模型进行初步研究与设计 ,找到一种较为符合实际的飞机简化模型描述方法。     

光纤通道在航电设备中的应用和设计

随着信息技术的不断发展,现代战争对信息的传输和处理速度有了更高的要求。光纤通道作为新一代航电系统网络和总线新技术,它具有兼容性好、延迟低、可靠性高、传输速度快和传输距离远等优点,本文介绍了光纤通道的协议结构、拓扑结构、分类服务;并结合航空电子设备的具体需求,提出了应用光纤通道的方案。     

Rethinking and regrouping

This Washington Watch column briefly reviews spaceflight decisions to be made in Congress, improvements in air travel, and production of helicopters for the Marines which meet the new UH-1Y and AH-1Z standards.     

Airport air quality

At local and national levels, more and more attention is being given to airports as sometimes major contributors to local air pollution. In consequence, airports are challenged to improve their knowledge of airport induced emissions and their contribution to local pollution and even mitigation planning.     

天气影响下的空中交通系统容量评估综述

回顾了空中交通系统容量评估的基本方法,随后以恶劣天气为背景,介绍了空中交通系统不同组成单元中容量研究的对象与方法.分析表明现有研究存在缺乏容量短周期评估方法、容量定义多样化、忽略管制员负荷等问题,并提出了后续研究的思路.     

基于熵权法改进的航班延误影响因素评估研究

随着航空运输业的不断发展,航班延误问题越来越受到重视,已成为社会的热点问题.通过实际运行的相关统计数据,研究影响航班延误的各项因素,提取主要因子,构建航班延误综合评价指标体系.用熵权法对航班延误的各项影响因子进行客观评价,建立了基于熵权法改进航班延误影响因素的综合评估模型,并利用1 000架次航班实例对模型的有效性进行了验证,研究结果表明评估模型客观、准确、有效.     

规则水波对低空飞行机翼特性的影响

掠海飞行实施袭击是战争中的有效攻击手段之一,但是飞行器在海洋上作低空飞行时,其气动特性将受到波浪与空气相互作用的影响。本文根据所得到的理论结果,提出了求解规则水波对于低空飞行机翼特性影响的方法,并给出了若干算例。     

Decisions, endings, and new beginnings

The Washington Watch column examines NASA shuttle developments, airline pilot age issues, development of a personnel recovery vehicle, and includes an obituary for retired Air Force General Bernard Schriever, remembered as an air and space pioneer. The discussion of NASA shuttle developments reports on the space shuttle flight schedule and NASA's ability to deliver hardware to the International Space Station, funding levels and equipment development schedules related to President Bush's mandate to visit Mars, a report on the space program by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and top-level management changes at NASA. The discussion of airline pilot age issues examines efforts to change mandatory retirement requirements. The discussion of personnel recovery vehicles reports on development of an aircraft designed to rescue survivors during combat search and rescue missions.     

一种改进的快速扩展随机树航迹规划算法

针对现有航迹规划算法缺乏同时具备快速性和最优性的问题,本文提出了一种新的无人机航迹规划算法,在快速扩展随机树算法基础上,引入一个方向参数,并采用Dijkstra算法对改进算法产生的冗余节点进行处理,得到了一条优化的航迹。最后采用K航迹法进行航迹平滑处理,使得规划的航迹成为无人机的可飞航路。仿真结果表明,该算法能够在有效提高航迹产生速度的同时,可以得到近似最优的航迹。     

复杂环境下的多无人机协同巡逻航路规划

为提高多架无人作战飞机（UCAV）存复杂环境下的协同巡逻效率,根据先验信息将环境划分为关注程度不等的未知区域、已知区域和禁飞区域,在航路规划算法中引入搜索回报函数和加权平均距离,加强对高关注度区域的巡逻力度,改善UCAV的空间分布。应用粒子群算法对航路规划模型进行了仿真,结果表明提出的协同巡逻航路规划算法有效     

作战飞机总体设计评价准则和评估方法研究

 空中力量是高技术局部战争取胜的决定性因素,作战飞机是空军最关键的武器装备。基于现代武器装备的作战能力、可靠性、维修性、保障性、安全性、生存力、适应性等性能标准和作战飞机的寿命周期费用,考虑用户要求和工程设计专家意见,建立了作战飞机总体设计的综合评价准则。给出了评价准则的计算公式和作战飞机总体设计的评估方法。     

Stochastic game approach to air operations

A command and control (C/sup 2/) problem for military air operations is addressed. Specifically, we consider C/sup 2/ problems for air vehicles against ground-based targets and defensive systems. The problem is viewed as a stochastic game. We restrict our attention to the C/sup 2/ level where the problem may consist of a few unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAVs) or aircraft (or possibly teams of vehicles), less than say, a half-dozen enemy surface-to-air missile air defense units (SAMs), a few enemy assets (viewed as targets from our standpoint), and some enemy decoys (assumed to mimic SAM radar signatures). At this low level, some targets are mapped out and possible SAM sites that are unavoidably part of the situation are known. One may then employ a discrete stochastic game problem formulation to determine which of these SAMs should optimally be engaged (if any), and by what series of air vehicle operations. We provide analysis, numerical implementation, and simulation for full state-feedback and measurement feedback control within this C/sup 2/ context. Sensitivity to parameter uncertainty is discussed. Some insight into the structure of optimal and near-optimal strategies for C/sup 2/ is obtained. The analysis is extended to the case of observations which may be affected by adversarial inputs. A heuristic based on risk-sensitive control is applied, and it is found that this produces improved results over more standard approaches.     

空中交通管制员资源管理训练初探

分析了人为因素概念模型SHEL中最重要、最灵活的一个界面——“人-人”界面。说明空中交通管制员工作时要进行大量协调沟通工作，管制员资源管理直接影响着空中交通服务的安全和效率。探讨了管制员资源管理的训练内容及实施方法。     

自然环境对航空装备的影响及改善措施

对自然环境尤其是东南沿海气候对航空装备的影响进行了分析，指出空气温度、湿度和盐雾是影响装备正常工作的主要因素，导致装备零部件老化、失效和高故障率。针对南方某机场在飞机维护工作中的探索，总结实践经验，提出了为改进和提高现有航空装备的环境适应性应采取的管理办法和技术措施，为我军布署在东南沿海地区的航空装备的使用维护提供了参考，为提高航空装备战备完好性、降低全寿命周期费用有重要意义。     

机载电子对抗系统效率分析

随着电子对抗的发展,机载电子对抗系统的效率评价成为人们越来越关注的问题。本文首先分析了评价效率的重要性,进而运用运筹学的方法进行了分析和计算。也就是用排队论的有关方法解算了载机的突防概率和生存概率;用博奕论的方法分析了电子对抗运用手段对系统效率的影响。最后,通过对一次电子对抗实战情况的分析,提出了载机利用系数的计算方法。     

基于多作战信息平台的数据仓库管理技术研究

多信息平台数据仓库管理技术是现代信息化战争关键技术之一。在多作战平台中,如何实现不同信息平台的数据共享和数据挖掘是实现战场态势信息综合化的核心技术。本文通过对现代战争多平台信息共享需求的分析,表述了战场态势信息池对数据仓库的要求,论述面向各作战单元的数据挖掘技术,建立多平台数据仓库Agent管理模型,最后论述了机载航空电子系统数据链管理模式。     

基于态势评估及DDPG算法的一对一空战格斗控制方法

已有的空中格斗控制方法未综合考虑基于专家知识的态势评估及通过连续性速度变化控制空战格斗的问题。基于深度确定性策略梯度（DDPG）强化学习算法,在态势评估函数作为强化学习奖励函数的基础上,设计综合考虑飞行高度上下限、飞行过载以及飞行速度上下限的强化学习环境;通过全连接的载机速度控制网络与环境奖励网络,实现DDPG算法与学习环境的交互,并根据高度与速度异常、被导弹锁定时间以及格斗时间设计空战格斗结束条件;通过模拟一对一空战格斗,对该格斗控制方法在环境限制学习、态势评估得分以及格斗模式学习进行验证。结果表明：本文提出的空战格斗控制方法有效,能够为自主空战格斗进一步发展提供指导。     

Identifying and managing risks of AI-driven operations: A case study of automatic speech recognition for improving air traffic safety

In this work, the primary focus is to identify potential technical risks of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven operations for the safety monitoring of the air traffic from the perspective of speech communication by studying the representative case and evaluating user experience. The case study is performed to evaluate the AI-driven techniques and applications using objective metrics, in which several risks and technical facts are obtained to direct future research. Considering the safety–critical specificities of the air traffic control system, a comprehensive subjective evaluation is conducted to collect user experience by a well-designed anonymous questionnaire and a face-to-face interview. In this procedure, the potential risks obtained from the case study are confirmed, and the impacts on human working are considered. Both the case study and the evaluation of user experience provide compatible results and conclusions: (A) the proposed solution is promising to improve the traffic safety and reduce the workload by detecting potential risks in advance; (B) the AI-driven techniques and whole diagram are suggested to be enhanced to eliminate the possible distraction to the attention of air traffic controllers. Finally, a variety of strategies and approaches are discussed to explore their capability to advance the proposed solution to industrial practices.