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PMHT: problems and some solutions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Willett P. Ruan Y. Streit R. 《IEEE transactions on aerospace and electronic systems》2002,38(3):738-754
The probabilistic multihypothesis tracker (PMHT) is a target tracking algorithm of considerable theoretical elegance. In practice, its performance turns out to be at best similar to that of the probabilistic data association filter (PDAF); and since the implementation of the PDAF is less intense numerically the PMHT has been having a hard time finding acceptance. The PMHT's problems of nonadaptivity, narcissism, and over-hospitality to clutter are elicited in this work. The PMHT's main selling-point is its flexible and easily modifiable model, which we use to develop the "homothetic" PMHT; maneuver-based PMHTs, including those with separate and joint homothetic measurement models; a modified PMHT whose measurement/target association model is more similar to that of the PDAF; and PMHTs with eccentric and/or estimated measurement models. Ideally, "bottom line" would be a version of the PMHT with clear advantages over existing trackers. If the goal is of an accurate (in terms of mean square error (MSE)) track, then there are a number of versions for which this is available. 相似文献
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Unlike other tracking algorithms the probabilistic multi-hypothesis tracker (PMHT) assumes that the true source of each measurement is an independent realisation of a random process. Given knowledge of the prior probability of this assignment variable, data association is performed independently for each measurement. When the assignment prior is unknown, it can be estimated provided that it is either time independent, or fixed over the batch. This paper presents a new extension of the PMHT, which incorporates a randomly evolving Bayesian hyperparameter for the assignment process. This extension is referred to as the PMHT with hysteresis. The state of the hyperparameter reflects each model's contribution to the mixture, and thus can be used to quantify the significance of mixture components. The paper demonstrates how this can be used as a method for automated track maintenance in clutter. The performance benefit gained over the standard PMHT is demonstrated using simulations and real sensor data 相似文献
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Simon Glover 《Space Science Reviews》2005,117(3-4):445-508
In this review, I survey our current understanding of how the very first stars in the universe formed, with a focus on three
main areas of interest: the formation of the first protogalaxies and the cooling of gas within them, the nature and extent
of fragmentation within the cool gas, and the physics – in particular the interplay between protostellar accretion and protostellar
feedback – that serves to determine the final stellar mass.
In each of these areas, I have attempted to show how our thinking has developed over recent years, aided in large part by
the increasing ease with which we can now perform detailed numerical simulations of primordial star formation. I have also
tried to indicate the areas where our understanding remains incomplete, and to identify some of the most important unsolved
problems. 相似文献
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在2007年3月,美国西南航空公司(SWA)发现自己所运营的飞机不符合适航指令(AD)后将这一问题通过自愿报告系统(VDRP)向其审定管理叻公室(CMO)进行汇报,并采取补救措施.与此同时,SWA有46架与AD不符的波音737飞机又继续运营了9天.SWA的主管称其误以为CMO准许其继续运营. 相似文献
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在飞机起飞、降落和空中飞行的各个阶段都会受到气象条件的影响,风、气温、气压都是影响飞行的重要气象要素地面风会直接影响飞机的操纵,高空风会影响飞机在航线上的飞行速度和加油量气温高低,可改变发动机的推力、影响空速表、起落滑跑距离等等气温高于标准大气温度时,会增加飞机起飞滑跑距离和上升爬高时间,降低飞机载重量气压会影响飞机的飞行高度由于各地气压经常变化,往往造成气压高度表指示的误差。此外,雷暴、低云、低能见度、低空风切变、大气湍流、空中急流、颠簸、结冰等天气现象都直接威胁飞行安全。 相似文献
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Magic Cities Germany 《航空港》2009,(4)
德国古典音乐所留下的遗产是无与伦比的。路德维希·凡·贝多芬(Ludwig van Beethoven)、约翰·塞巴斯迪安·巴赫(Johann Sebastian Bach)、罗伯特·舒曼(Robert Schumann)、费利克斯·门德尔松(Felix Mendelssohn)、约翰内斯·勃拉姆斯(Johannes Brahms)以及里夏德·瓦格纳(Richard Wagner)……之所以会产生如此众多声名显赫的音乐家,源于这个民族对音乐的喜爱。同样,在德国旅行也就少不了去看看那些歌剧院,欣赏一下歌剧和古典音乐。 相似文献
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天气对航班飞行的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
飞机是一种现代化的交通运输工具,它给人们旅行带来很大的方便,人们都希望所乘坐的民航班机能够安全、舒适、正点地抵达目的地。但您有时也会遇到因飞机返航、备降或暂缓起飞而使航班延误的情况。可您是否知道,尽管现在飞机性能不断提高,地面保障设备不断改善,但是天气因素仍然对飞行安全、正点和经济效益有着严重的影响。 相似文献
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F. M. Flasar V. G. Kunde M. M. Abbas R. K. Achterberg P. Ade A. Barucci B. B’ezard G. L. Bjoraker J. C. Brasunas S. Calcutt R. Carlson C. J. C’esarsky B. J. Conrath A. Coradini R. Courtin A. Coustenis S. Edberg S. Edgington C. Ferrari T. Fouchet D. Gautier P. J. Gierasch K. Grossman P. Irwin D. E. Jennings E. Lellouch A. A. Mamoutkine A. Marten J. P. Meyer C. A. Nixon G. S. Orton T. C. Owen J. C. Pearl R. Prang’e F. Raulin P. L. Read P. N. Romani R. E. Samuelson M. E. Segura M. R. SHOWALTER A. A. Simon-Miller M. D. Smith J. R. Spencer L. J. Spilker F. W. Taylor 《Space Science Reviews》2004,115(1-4):169-297
The Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) is a remote-sensing Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) on the Cassini orbiter that measures thermal radiation over two decades in wavenumber, from 10 to 1400 cm− 1 (1 mm to 7μ m), with a spectral resolution that can be set from 0.5 to 15.5 cm− 1. The far infrared portion of the spectrum (10–600 cm− 1) is measured with a polarizing interferometer having thermopile detectors with a common 4-mrad field of view (FOV). The middle infrared portion is measured with a traditional Michelson interferometer having two focal planes (600–1100 cm− 1, 1100–1400 cm− 1). Each focal plane is composed of a 1× 10 array of HgCdTe detectors, each detector having a 0.3-mrad FOV. CIRS observations will provide three-dimensional maps of temperature, gas composition, and aerosols/condensates of the atmospheres of Titan and Saturn with good vertical and horizontal resolution, from deep in their tropospheres to high in their mesospheres. CIRS’s ability to observe atmospheres in the limb-viewing mode (in addition to nadir) offers the opportunity to provide accurate and highly resolved vertical profiles of these atmospheric variables. The ability to observe with high-spectral resolution should facilitate the identification of new constituents. CIRS will also map the thermal and compositional properties of the surfaces of Saturn’s icy satellites. It will similarly map Saturn’s rings, characterizing their dynamical and spatial structure and constraining theories of their formation and evolution. The combination of broad spectral range, programmable spectral resolution, the small detector fields of view, and an orbiting spacecraft platform will allow CIRS to observe the Saturnian system in the thermal infrared at a level of detail not previously achieved.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date. 相似文献
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1航空维修产业概述
航空维修是指对飞机及其上的技术装备进行的维护和修理,确保飞机的安全适航,因此航空维修是飞机使用的前提和必要条件,是航空业的重要组成部分.根据维修对象的不同,航空维修一般可分为航线维护、机体维修、发动机维修、起落架及其他机载设备维修等. 相似文献