采用单轴双太阳帆板空间站的一种姿态定向模式

采用单轴双帆板供电和单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)作为执行机构的倾斜轨道空间站,当太阳方向与轨道面夹角较大时,帆板的光照条件不易保证,为此本文针对这种类型的空间站设计了一种姿态定向模式以保证帆板的光照条件,并通过在阴影区姿态机动,利用重力梯度力矩对SGCMG进行卸载。仿真结果表明,该姿态定向模式满足太阳帆板的光照条件,重力梯度力矩卸载方法保证了SGCMG中的角动量不超出给定的范围。     

基于重力梯度杆和磁铁的小卫星三轴姿态控制

运用卫星低轨道两个主要环境力矩（重力梯度矩和地磁力矩）对圆轨道卫星三轴姿态进行被动控制。利用重力梯度矩实现卫星对地指向：卫星上的永久磁铁获取所需的地磁力矩,稳定偏航姿态。给出卫星的姿态分析,并给出仿真结果。从分析和仿真结果可以看出,此卫星具有结构简单、时刻对地定向、低轨道倾角时卫星姿态稳定精度较高的优点。     

Three-axis active control system for gravity gradient stabilised microsatellite

In this paper, the control system of the first Algerian microsatellite in orbit Alsat-1 is presented. Alsat-1 is a 3-axis stabilised microsatellite, using a pitch momentum wheel and yaw reaction wheel, with dual redundant 3-axis magnetorquers. A gravity gradient boom is employed to provide a high degree of platform stability. Two vector magnetometers and four dual sun sensors are carried in order to determine the attitude. This paper examines the low Earth orbit (LEO) control system requirements and design in the context of a real system, the Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL) advanced microsatellite platform and puts forward designs for the control system to match the advanced capability of the enhanced microsatellite platform. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the implementation. Comparison with in orbit results is presented to evaluate the performance of the control system during accurate Nadir pointing control.     

空间原子氧环境对太阳电池阵的影响分析

空间原子氧是危害低地球轨道（LEO）航天器在轨性能的最主要空间环境因素之一,其强氧化性能够对包括太阳电池阵在内的航天器外表面暴露材料和组件造成危害。文章分析了某载人航天器在轨原子氧环境、原子氧对不同结构太阳电池阵所用材料的影响以及对太阳电池阵组件电性能的影响,结果表明原子氧对材料的作用能够引起太阳电池阵基板强度降低、电连接可靠性下降及电缆线护套失效等风险,材料的损伤会导致太阳电池组件电性能的下降。鉴于以上结果,作者建议在今后LEO长寿命航天器太阳电池阵研制中,应对原子氧环境条件进行详细设计;同时开展组件级试验,以对电池阵原子氧防护设计的有效性进行验证。     

基于能量最优解析解的飞轮磁卸载方法

为改善传统卫星飞轮磁卸载,提出了一种基于能量最优解析解的磁卸载法。根据在轨卫星所处地磁场强度的变化规律,将卫星磁力矩器产生的磁矩作傅里叶级数展开,按卫星飞行一圈所需卸载的角动量由最优控制理论求出三轴磁矩的解析解。证明了该卸载法的稳定性,估算了干扰力矩及其作用,讨论了轨道倾角的影响,并给出了小倾角时的修正飞轮卸载控制律。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该飞轮卸载法简单且节能,效果明显优于传统的磁卸载法。     

帆板转动时卫星姿态的非线性控制

当帆板转动时，卫星姿态因系统质量特性的改变和帆板驱动力矩的作用而发生扰动，本文采用一种具有鲁棒性的非线性控制方法，实现了高精度的卫星姿态控制。     

Stability-based SDRE controller for spacecraft momentum management

Momentum management of spacecraft aims to avoid the angular momentum accumulation of control momentum gyros through real-time attitude adjustment. An attitude control/momentum management controller based on state-dependent Riccati equation is developed for attitude-stabilized spacecraft. The governing equations of the system are formulated as three-axis coupled with full moment of inertia, which fully capture the nonlinearity of the system and are valid for systems with significant products of inertia or strong pitch to roll/yaw coupling. The state-dependent Riccati equation algorithm brings the nonlinear system to a linear structure having state dependent coefficients matrices and minimizing a quadratic-like performance index. The system equations are nondimensionalized, which avoid numerical problems at the same time make the weighting matrix more predictable. To guarantee closed-loop system stability, the state-dependent Riccati equation algorithm is also modified based on pole placement technique. The state-dependent Riccati equation is online calculated through the computational-efficient θ-D technique which reaches a tradeoff between control optimality and computation load. The dynamic characteristics of the system at torque equilibrium attitude are analyzed. Constraints on moment of inertia for successful momentum management are provided. Simulations demonstrate the excellent performance of the controller.     

参数不确定SGCMG系统的鲁棒操纵律设计

在单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)系统操纵律的设计中，如果考虑框架伺服特性，往往假设系统的物理参数是确切已知的。为消除参数的不确定性对操纵性能的影响，设计了一种鲁棒操纵律。该操纵律仅采用系统物理参数的预估值，根据航天器姿态控制给出的角动量(或力矩)指令，可直接计算出每个框架驱动系统所需的控制力矩。由于操纵律没有算法奇异，在SGCMG系统不出现运动奇异的情况下，可使操纵误差指数收敛至零。同时，该操纵律对系统参数变化具有良好的鲁棒性。且形式简单．易于实现。对应用在航天器上的某4-SGCMG系统的仿真结果表明，上述操纵律是可行的。     

采用变速控制力矩陀螺的一种姿态/能量一体化控制研究

本文研究采用变速控制力矩陀螺（VSCMG）的航天器姿态／能量一体化控制技术。首先建立了以变速控制力矩陀螺为执行机构的航天器姿态动力学模型，并给出了全局稳定的姿态反馈控制律。以控制力矩陀螺群的构型奇异量度为依据，分别考虑了VSCMG的控制力矩陀螺（CMG）工作模式和反作用飞轮（RW）工作模式。在陀螺群接近奇异时启用转子的反作用飞轮工作模式来补偿控制力矩陀螺采用鲁棒伪逆操纵律时所引起的力矩误差；在陀螺群远离奇异状态时，用控制力矩陀螺来补偿转子储能带来的干扰力矩。在姿态控制的同时利用转子的变速特性，完成按照给定的功率存储／释放能量，并在陀螺群远离奇异状态时对储能过程中转子的转速进行调节，以保持良好地动量包络外形。最后以某航天器的姿态控制为例，给出了数值仿真结果。     

太阳翼展开锁定最大冲击载荷修正方法

太阳翼展开锁定过程产生的锁定冲击载荷是卫星设计的重要指标,太阳翼设计时一般通过地面试验或仿真对该载荷进行估计。文章提出一种对太阳翼展开锁定过程最大锁定冲击载荷的修正方法。此方法在试验或仿真得出的载荷-时间曲线的基础上,参考模态分析结果或载荷曲线的频率分布情况,按频段分解,调整相位后再进行叠加,得到修正后的可能最大载荷。...     

用单框架控制力矩陀螺的大型航天器姿态控制系统实物仿真研究

利用三轴气浮台模拟航天器空间力学环境，进行了单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)姿态控制／动量管理系统全实物仿真研究。推导了大型航天器姿态控制／动量管理系统数学模型。设计调试了实物仿真系统。研究了单框架控制力矩陀螺奇异回避问题、失效操纵问题和动量管理优化问题。证明了系统构形分析、奇异性分析和操纵律设计的正确性和有效性。通过大型航天器姿态控制／动量管理系统实物仿真，检验了设计方案的可行性和系统硬、软件的可靠性。     

空间站对日定向装置试验台的控制器设计与精度考核

针对太阳电池帆板大挠性、大惯量等特性,导致对对日定向装置施加的大幅值、高频响的变负载力矩难以模拟和模拟精度不足的问题,设计了以电动负载模拟器为核心装置的地面半物理仿真试验台。首先建立了电动负载模拟器（加载单元）模型,采用递推最小二乘法对加载单元各参数进行辨识,并分析各参数对加载单元响应特性的影响。提出一种超前校正与模糊自适应PID相结合的复合控制算法,该方法有效地拓宽了加载单元带宽、改善了力矩跟随性能和抑制了力矩误差。用不同信号对试验台响应速度、加载带宽和加载精度进行分析和考核。实验结果表明：该复合控制算法使加载力矩较好地复现了太阳电池帆板模型的期望输出力矩,为对日定向装置对太阳电池帆板的驱动性能考核实验模拟出较为精确的期望模型的负载（测试）力矩。     

基于磁力矩定向阻尼特性的卫星姿态磁控制

根据磁力矩在地磁场中的定向阻尼特性，提出了磁控重力梯度和有阻尼器的非重力梯度卫星姿态控制律。给出了卫星姿态运动方程，并证明采用两种方法控制卫星姿态的稳定性。根据地磁场强度变化规律选择控制系数。理论分析和仿真结果表明，基于磁力矩定向阻尼特性的卫星姿态磁控制方法简单、精度较高。     

A novel single thruster control strategy for spacecraft attitude stabilization

Feasibility of achieving three axis attitude stabilization using a single thruster is explored in this paper. Torques are generated using a thruster orientation mechanism with which the thrust vector can be tilted on a two axis gimbal. A robust nonlinear control scheme is developed based on the nonlinear kinematic and dynamic equations of motion of a rigid body spacecraft in the presence of gravity gradient torque and external disturbances. The spacecraft, controlled using the proposed concept, constitutes an underactuated system (a system with fewer independent control inputs than degrees of freedom) with nonlinear dynamics. Moreover, using thruster gimbal angles as control inputs make the system non-affine (control terms appear nonlinearly in the state equation). This necessitates the control algorithms to be developed based on nonlinear control theory since linear control methods are not directly applicable. The stability conditions for the spacecraft attitude motion for robustness against uncertainties and disturbances are derived to establish the regions of asymptotic 3-axis attitude stabilization. Several numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller and validate the theoretical results. The control algorithm is shown to compensate for time-varying external disturbances including solar radiation pressure, aerodynamic forces, and magnetic disturbances; and uncertainties in the spacecraft inertia parameters. The numerical results also establish the robustness of the proposed control scheme to negate disturbances caused by orbit eccentricity.     

空间电源性能测试仿真系统设计与实现

提出一种基于空间电源控制器的半实物动态环境测试仿真系统,主要由电源控制器、太阳电池模拟阵、蓄电池模拟器、程控电子负载和仿真计算机组成。以电源控制器为被测对象,搭建的仿真系统可实时模拟航天器在空间动态环境下太阳电池阵的输出特性,包括不同轨道、太阳光照角等状态条件下的输出,对航天器上的电源性能进行测试,通过仿真结果验证空间电源系统设计的正确性。     

一种二维展开太阳翼的展开动力学仿真分析

在介绍一种二维展开太阳翼构型及组成的基础上,用ADAMS软件建立了二维展开太阳翼柔性动力学仿真模型,模型中为模拟太阳翼驱动装置(SADA)的保持力矩,在SADA上设置了摩擦阻力矩。仿真结果表明,二维展开太阳翼侧板在空间展开锁定不同步,由此而导致侧板锁定对SADA会产生多次冲击。此结论可为二维太阳翼的构型及其铰链设计,以及SADA在轨控制策略提供参考和借鉴。     

一种提高太阳能帆板受晒效率方法

为提高航天器空间太阳能利用率,提出了一种可实现帆板对日定向功能的改进太阳能帆板双自由度驱动机构。根据航天器的轨道理论推导出在对日定向要求下太阳能帆板的运动规律和机构的运动轨迹,并给出了双自由度驱动机构的轨迹规划和驱动轴实时转角。仿真结果表明:用该法能实现帆板的对日定向,提高其受晒效率,对未来航天器太阳能帆板驱动机构设计与控制有一定的参考价值。     

Orbit and attitude control of a geostationary inertially oriented large flexible plate-like spacecraft

The paper presents design of a near optimal orbit and attitude control system for a very large flexible rectangular flat plate-like spacecraft in geostationary orbit, with its normal kept in the orbital plane in an inertial orientation. First, assuming the plate to be rigid, an optimal control system is designed. Two control systems are needed: one to balance the gravity gradient torque and the other to control the plate's orbit and attitude against disturbances. The interaction of the structural dynamics with the control system is investigated next. It is shown that the structural dynamics destabilizes the control system. The control design is modified to reduce the interactions, by including just a couple of flexural modes into the control logic and by optimally locating the thrusters a little away from the corners. The control structure interaction which is measured by the residual flexural energy after an orbit or attitude correction, is shown to be reduced by several orders of magnitude by the simple modifications. An approach to find an optimal location of actuators and a concept of “associated modes” are also proposed to help the designer evolve a very simple coupled orbit and attitude controllers with minimum control/structure interactions for very large flexible space systems of the future. This configuration considered represents the proposed solar power satellite, solar reflectors, communication platforms, etc.     

Pointing control of spacecraft using two SGCMGs via LPV control theory

In this paper, we consider a pointing control of a spacecraft using two single-gimbal control moment gyros (SGCMGs). Our pointing control problem is to make the line-of-sight of a camera or an antenna that is fixed on a body axis aim along a desired direction. To solve this problem, we first state the control objective for the pointing control through the angular momentum conservation principle. Then, we develop a gain-scheduled (GS) controller via linear parameter-varying (LPV) control theory. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed control method is shown by a numerical simulation.     

考虑多禁止指向区域的航天器反步姿态机动控制

针对规避多个禁止指向区域的航天器姿态机动控制问题,本文在利用势函数法构造约束条件的基础上设计了一种基于反步法的航天器姿态机动控制律。首先,构造了一种通用的基于误差四元数的航天器锥形禁止指向姿态集描述,并将其转化为凸约束集形式。其次,基于该凸约束集,提出了一种物理意义明确的新型凸势函数构造方法,且该势函数仅存在唯一全局最小值,避免了传统势函数的局部极小值问题。进一步地,考虑多个禁止指向区域,设计了一种基于反步法的航天器姿态机动控制律。最后,通过典型数值仿真算例表明了本文所提出控制算法的有效性和优越性。