间隙率对平纹及三轴向织物复合材料弹性性能的影响

采用有限元分析方法研究了间隙率对平纹及三轴向复合材料叠层弹性性能的影响.首先,根据平纹织物复合材料几何构型和基本参数,建立了平纹织物复合材料的面密度和单胞边长与间隙率之间的关系;然后,建立了平纹织物复合材料的拉伸、压缩和剪切有限元模型,利用该模型分析了间隙率对其弹性性能的影响;最后,分析了间隙率对平纹织物复合材料与三轴向织物复合材料叠层弹性性能的影响.研究发现,平纹织物复合材料的比拉伸模量和比压缩模量随其间隙率的增加而略微增加,比剪切模量随其间隙率的增加减小,平纹织物复合材料与三轴向织物复合材料叠层的等效模量极曲线平纹织物复合材料的间隙率的增加而极性减弱.     

Cycle-slip Detection of GPS Carrier Phase with Methodology of SA4 Multi-wavelet Transform

That cycle-slips remain undetected will significantly degrade the accuracy of the navigation solution when using carrier phase measurements in global positioning system (GPS). In this paper, an algorithm based on length-4 symmetric/anti-symmetric (SA4) orthogonal multi-wavelet is presented to detect and identify cycle-slips in the context of the feature of the GPS zero-differential carrier phase measurements. Associated with the local singularity detection principle, cycle-slips can be detected and located precisely through the modulus maxima of the coefficients achieved by the multi-wavelet transform. Firstly, studies are focused on the feasibility of the algorithm employing the orthogonal multi-wavelet system such as Geronimo-Hardin-Massopust (GHM), Chui-Lian (CL) and SA4. Moreover, the mathematical characterization of singularities with Lipschitz exponents is explained, the modulus maxima from wavelet to multi-wavelet domain is extended and a localization formula is provided from the modulus maxima of the coefficients to the original observation. Finally, field experiments with real receiver are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Because SA4 possesses the specific nature of good multi-filter properties (GMPs), it is superior to scalar wavelet and other orthogonal multi-wavelet candidates distinctly, and for the half-cycle slip, it also remains better detection, location ability and the equal complexity of wavelet transform.     

Multi-scale thermodynamic analysis method for 2D SiC/SiC composite turbine guide vanes

Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) turbine guide vanes possess multi-scale stress and strain with inhomogeneity at the microscopic scale. Given that the macroscopic distribution cannot reflect the microscopic stress fluctuation, the macroscopic method fails to meet the requirements of stress and strain analysis of CMC turbine guide vanes. Furthermore, the complete thermodynamic properties of 2D woven SiC/SiC-CMC cannot be obtained through experimentation. Accordingly, a method to calculate the thermodynamic properties of CMC and analyze multi-scale stress and strain of the turbine guide vanes should be established. In this study, the multi-scale thermodynamic analysis is investigated. The thermodynamic properties of Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI) processed SiC/SiC-CMC are predicted by a Representative Volume Element (RVE) model with porosity, leading to the result that the relative error between the calculated in-plane tensile modulus and the experimental value is 4.2%. The macroscopic response of a guide vane under given conditions is predicted. The relative error between the predicted strain on the trailing edge and the experimental value is 9.7%. The calculation of the stress distribution of micro-scale RVE shows that the maximum value of microscopic stress, which is located in the interlayer matrix, is more than 1.5 times that of macroscopic stress in the same direction and the microscopic stress distribution of the interlayer matrix is related to the pore distribution of the composite.     

ASTM承剪胶接接头力学性能研究

对承剪单搭接胶接接头力学性能进行了有限元分析及试验验证。通过对ASTMD 5 6 5 6标准薄胶层试件的试验及其和有限元计算结果的对比 ,确定了胶粘剂材料弹塑性应力应变关系。在此基础上 ,引入等效塑性应变准则和J 积分准则对具有不同胶层厚度的ASTMD 5 6 5 6和ASTMD 31 6 5标准试件的强度进行了预测 ,预测结果与试验结果相吻合。还就含脱粘缺陷的ASTMD 31 6 5标准试件的强度进行了分析。计算结果表明 ,ASTMD 5 6 5 6和ASTMD 31 6 5标准试验测得的胶粘剂表观剪切模量和剪切强度只具有相对意义 ,确定胶粘剂材料工程常数 ,还要在计算结果的基础上进行更深入的理论分析 ;对于含脱粘缺陷的ASTMD 31 6 5试件 ,缺陷的位置对其强度有重要影响     

Damage characteristics and constitutive modeling of the 2D C/SiC composite: Part Ⅱ–Material model and numerical implementation

In this work, a macroscopic non-linear constitutive model accounting for damage, inelastic strain and unilateral behavior is proposed for the 2D plain-woven C/Si C composite. A set of scalar damage variables and a new thermodynamic potential expression are introduced in the framework of continuum damage mechanics. In the deduced constitutive equations, the material's progressive damage deactivation behavior during the compression loading is described by a continuous function, and different deactivation rates under uniaxial and biaxial compression loadings are also considered. In damage evolution laws, the coupling effect among the damage modes and impediment effect of compression stress on the development of shear damage in different plane stress states are taken into account. Besides, the general plasticity theory is applied to describing the evolution of inelastic strain in tension and/or shear stress state. The Tsai–Wu failure criterion is adopted for strength analysis. Additionally, the material model is implemented as a user-defined material subroutine(UMAT) and linked to the ABAQUS finite element software, and its performance is demonstrated through several numerical examples.     

Optimal polarimetric processing for enhanced target detection

The results of a study of several polarimetric target detection algorithms are summarized. The algorithms were tested using real target-in-clutter data collected by the Lincoln Laboratory 35 GHz synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensor. Fully polarimetric measurements (HH, HV, VV) are processed into intensity imagery using adaptive and nonadaptive polarimetric whitening filters (PWFs). Then a two-parameter constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector is run over the imagery to detect the targets. Nonadaptive PWF processed imagery is shown to provide better protection performance than either adaptive PWF processed imagery or single-polarimetric-channel HH imagery. In addition, nonadaptive PWF processed imagery is shown to be visually clearer than adaptive processed imagery     

薄壁钛管剪应力本构参数识别方法

不同温度下的薄壁钛管剪应力本构参数识别,是研究薄壁钛管差温剪切弯曲过程管材塑性变形行为迫切需要解决的关键问题。提出了一种管材剪切测试的方法。将不同温度下薄壁钛管等温剪切测试、剪切测试过程模拟有限元模型、以及基于距离函数的响应面模型相结合,提出了薄壁钛管不同温度下剪应力本构参数逆向识别方法。采用该方法,识别了TA2薄壁钛管剪应力本构参数。同时建立了TA2薄壁钛管差温剪切弯曲过程模拟3维弹塑性热力耦合有限元模型。分别采用剪应力本构参数和单拉应力本构参数模拟弯管实验过程,评估了有限元模型的可靠性。结果表明：对于剪应力本构参数,温度越高,管材的K值和n值将减小,m值呈现波动的趋势。与单拉应力本构参数相比,剪应力本构参数对温度的变化更敏感,且剪应力本构参数值较小。与单拉应力本构参数相比,使用剪应力本构参数的有限元模型精度较高,模拟精度最大提高了60%。     

Impact of aperture on dynamic response of sandwich plates with aluminium face-sheets and PMI core based on an alternative finite element formulation and experiments

Apertures generally exist in the sandwich structures attributing to mechanical connection and lightweight, which might induce failure of such structures. Thus, it is required to realize the impact of aperture on mechanical behaviors of sandwich structures. If transverse shear deformations are unable to be described accurately, the reasonable prediction of dynamic behaviors of the form-core sandwich plates with apertures will meet severe challenges due to a large difference of transverse shear mo...     

壁面剪应力测量底层隔板数学模型研究

为指导器件研发设计和测量工作,提出了一种建立底层隔板壁面剪应力一压差数学模型的方法。通过量纲分析确定壁面剪应力和压差之间关系;结合具体器件,采用CFD方法计算出若干组壁面剪应力、压差的值;通过非线性回归获得该器件的壁面剪应力一压差数学模型。将建立的模型与实测数据进行对比,结果表明：二者能够较好地吻合,证明提出的方法是有效的。并应用该方法设计并加工了一种压阻式微机电系统（MEMS）底层隔板。     

Numerical approach for assessment of dynamic strength for riveted joints

Numerous rivets have to be modelled for aeronautical framework crashes. A numerical procedure based on FE modelling and characterisation of material failure constitutive models is proposed in order to limit the experimental procedure. Quasi-static and dynamic experiments are carried out on elementary tension (punched) and shear (riveted) specimens. No strain rate sensitivity has been measured on the riveted joint assemblies failure. The experiments are used to identify, by an inverse method, the Gurson damage parameters of each material (2024-T351 and 7050 aluminium alloys for the sheet metal plate and the rivet). The characterisation gives rise to a satisfactory correlation between FE models and experiments. Optimised parameters are validated for each material by means of a uniaxial tension test for the sheet metal plate and an ARCAN type specimen in pure tension for the rivet. Results can then be used to identify macroscopic failure criterion to model the rivet behaviour in aeronautical framework crashes. FE tools can also resolve problems linked to limit-design or the design of new riveted joint assemblies more rapidly and cost effectively than experiments.     

基于一种新的均匀化实施方法的FRP刚度预测

基于一种新的渐近均匀化(AH)实施方法,预测并讨论了单向纤维增强复合材料(FRP)的宏观等效弹性性能及纤维排列方式对等效力学性能的影响。该方法方便地将有限元分析(FEA)软件作为一个工具箱使用,只需在单胞上施加简单位移周期边界条件开展静力学分析,即可经过简单计算得到等效弹性常数,相比传统均匀化实施方法显著降低了实施难度并简化了计算过程。通过对比不同数值方法的结果验证了该方法的有效性和精确性。数值结果表明:六边形排列下单向纤维增强复合材料呈现横观各向同性,而正方形排列下则呈现宏观正交各向异性,经过刚度平均化过程可得到横观各向异性材料性质,纤维体积含量对两种排列方式下材料等效弹性模量影响显著但有所差别。     

高压高剪切率下润滑剂剪切弹性模量的确定

在自行研制的球盘式拖动力试验台上,测得了HKD-1型航空润滑油的拖动力;给出了高压高剪切率下滚子-润滑膜系统有效剪切弹性模量的计算公式;推导出了系统有效剪切弹性模量与润滑剂剪切弹性模量之间的关系式;以HKD-1型航空润滑油为例,计算了多种工况条件下系统有效剪切弹性模量及润滑剂本身的剪切弹性模量。结果表明:系统有效剪切弹性模量和润滑剂剪切弹性模量随压力的增大而增大,随入口油温和滚动速度的增大而减小;压力越大,入口油温和滚动速度越小,滚子的柔量对剪切变形的贡献越大。      

A novel surrogate modeling strategy of the mechanical properties of 3D braided composites

In this paper, a surrogate-based modeling methodology is developed and presented to predict the elastic properties of three dimensional (3D) four-directional braided composites. Using this approach, the prediction process becomes feasible with only a limited number of training points. The surrogate models constructed using Finite Element (FE) method and Diffuse Approximation, reduce the computational time and cost for preparing experimental samples. In the FE model, multiscale method is applied to couple the computations of elastic properties at microscale and mesoscale. Subsequently, a parametric study is performed to analyze the effects of the three design parameters on the elastic properties. Satisfactory results are obtained via the surrogate-based modeling predictions, which are compared with the experimental measurements. Moreover, the predictions obtained from surrogate models concur well with the FE predictions. This study orients a new direction for predicting the mechanical properties based on surrogate models which can effectively reduce the sample preparation cost and computational efforts.     

复合材料冲击损伤数值仿真模型评估

本文对低速冲击下复合材料结构损伤的数值仿真模型进行了分类和评估。低速冲击模型由冲击过程模型和材料损伤演化模型两类子模型组合而成,列出了每类模型的关键要素及其处理方法,对常用的组合进行了整理与评述,并列出了文献中出现频率较高的6种仿真模型。完成了6种模型的两个算例的数值评估,评估结果表明：对于正交层合板算例6个模型均可较准确地预测损伤形状和面积;对于角铺设层合板算例,采用Puck准则、考虑剪切非线性、基于能量释放率的模型得到的分层损伤形貌更接近于试验结果。     

直角切削6061-T6铝合金剪切区力学行为及微观结构演化预测

力学行为是塑性变形微观过程的宏观表现,早期的金属切削理论模型没有考虑微观结构对切削力的影响。在考虑热力耦合效应的基础上建立了基于位错密度材料模型的6061-T6铝合金直角切削力预测模型,分析了不同切削参数下基于位错运动的塑性变形机制对切削力的影响。结合等分剪切区和非等分剪切区模型,构建了第一变形区多物理场计算方法,提出一种切屑形成过程中由塑性变形引起的微观结构演化解析模型。通过测量切削力和切屑内晶粒尺寸对模型的可行性进行了初步验证。结果表明：剪切区长度变长引起参与位错滑移的材料增多是切削深度增大导致切削力增大的主要原因。增大切削速度导致切削力的降低不是单一变量影响的结果,而是应变降低引起位错增殖数量减少和温度升高引起位错湮灭作用增加的共同作用结果。非等分剪切区模型正确反映了第一变形区温度和应力的分布特征,且与二维有限元模型分布相一致,建立的第一变形区微观结构演化解析模型能够预测切屑内位错密度和晶粒尺寸。     

二维和三维纺织结构复合材料弹性性能的研究

提出了预测纺织结构复合材料弹性模量的理论方法,该法考虑了结构中实际存在的纬向纤维束和经向纤维束的曲屈对纺织结构复合材料弹性性能的影响,建立了复合材料弹性性能与织物结构参数——纬向和经向纤维束平均取向角之间的关系;并通过实验测试考察了以二维和三维织物制备的碳纤维织物／环氧树脂复合材料的弹性性能,将弹性模量的理论计算结果和实验数据相比较,证明了所提出的计算模型是精确的     

Optimal speckle reduction in polarimetric SAR imagery

Speckle is a major cause of degradation in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. With the availability of fully polarimetric SAR data, it is possible to use the three complex elements (HH, HV, VV) of the polarimetric scattering matrix to reduce speckle. The optimal method for combining the elements of the scattering matrix to minimize image speckle is derived, and the solution is shown to be a polarimetric whitening filter (PWF). A simulation of spatially correlated, K-distributed, fully polarimetric clutter is then used to compare the PWF with other, suboptimal speckle-reduction methods. Target detection performance of the PWF, span, and single-channel |HH|² detectors is compared with that of the optimal polarimetric detector (OPD). A novel, constant-false-alarm-rate (CFAR) detector (the adaptive PWF) is as a simple alternative to the OPD for detecting targets in clutter. This algorithm estimates the polarization covariance of the clutter, uses the covariance to construct the minimum-speckle image, and then tests for the presence of a target. An exact theoretical analysis of the adaptive PWF is presented; the algorithm is shown to have detection performance comparable with that of the OPD     

Static Pull and Push Bending Properties of RTM-made TWF Composite Tee-joints

This paper deals with static pull and push bending tests on two-dimensional (2D) orthogonal EW220/5284 twill weave fabric (TWF) composite tee-joints processed with the resin transfer moulding (RTM) technique. Static pull and push bending properties are determined and failure initiation mechanism is deduced from experimental observations. The experiments show that the failure initiation load, on average, is greater for push bending than for pull bending, whereas the scatter is smaller for push bending than for pull bending. The failure mode of RTM-made tee-joints in pull bending tests can be reckoned to be characteristic of debonding of resin matrix at the interface between the triangular resin-rich zone and the curved web of tee-joint until complete separation of the curved web from the bottom plate. In contrast, as distinct from the products subject to pull bending loading, the RTM tee-joints in push bending tests experience matrix cracking and fibre fracture from outer layers to inner layers of the bottom plate until catastrophic collapse resulting from the bending. Three-dimensional finite element (FE) models are presented to simulate the load transfer path and failure initiation mechanism of RTM-made TWF composite tee-joint based on the maximum stress criterion. Good correlation between experimental and numerical results is achieved.     

考虑温度环境下树脂基复合材料力学性能及模型研究

采用试验的方法研究了T300/QY8911-Ⅳ复合材料不同温度环境(室温、160,200,260℃)下的纵向拉伸、横向拉伸及面内切变力学性能,探讨了材料的模量、强度随温度变化的规律并提出了相应的力学模型.试验结果表明:在室温至200℃复合材料纵向拉伸模量、强度受温度影响较小,拉伸模量最大变幅为2.82%,强度为1.41%;当温度升高到260℃时,由于树脂基体变质,材料纵向拉伸模量与强度均下降,模量下降5.85%,强度下降7.01%(均相对200℃);横向拉伸和面内切变模量、强度受温度的影响较大,在160℃范围内,材料的平均模量分别下降了49.21%和70.34%,强度下降了38.49%和44.85%.当温度升至200℃时,材料的横向拉伸及面内切变模量与强度进一步下降,模量降幅为25.13%和38.30%,强度降幅为0.41%和15.95%.拟合结果表明:3个力学模型均适用于不同温度、载荷类型下的数据分布规律,但模型Ⅱ与模型Ⅲ对数据的拟合更准确.      

柔壁自适应风洞低超音速实验技术研究

低超音速三维模型实验是在二维柔壁自适应风洞中进行的。将Wedemeyer理论推广到超音速流动,建立了洞壁调整量的计算方法;解决了洞壁预调量效应的计算问题。在此基础上提出洞壁自适应调整方案,它可用于堵塞比较大的模型实验和任意初始壁面。按此洞壁调整方案所作实验结果表明,二维柔壁自适应风洞作超音速三维模型实验时,可有效地抑制压缩、膨胀波经洞壁反射后对气动数据的影响。其消波效果和三维自适应壁风洞的消波效果基本相同,主激波反射的消波效果甚至优于后者。