Mineralization of wastes of human vital activity and plants to be used in a Life Support System

Available methods for mineralizing wastes of human activity and inedible biomass of plants used in this country and abroad are divided into two types: dry mineralization at high temperatures up to 1270 K with subsequent partial dissolution of the ash and the other--wet oxidation by acids. In this case mineralization is performed at a temperature of 470-460 K and a pressure of 220-270 atmospheres in pure oxygen with the output of mineral solution and dissoluble sediments in the form of scale. The drawback of the first method is the formation of dioxins, CO, SO2, NO2 and other toxic compounds. The latter method is too sophisticated and is presently confined to bench testing. The here proposed method to mineralize the wastes is in mid-position between the thermal and physical chemical methods. At a temperature of 80-90 degrees C the mixture was exposed to a controlled electromagnetic field at normal atmospheric pressure. The method merits simplicity, reliability, produces no dissoluble sediment or emissions noxious for human and plants. The basic difference from the above said methods is to employ as an oxidizer atomic oxygen, its active forms including OH-radicals with hydrogen peroxide as the source. Hydrogen peroxide can be produced with electric power from water inside the Life Support System (LSS).     

Interaction peculiarities between microbial cenosis and local immunity of periodontium of humans under extreme conditions

The investigations were directed at finding out the peculiarities of both periodontal microflora and local immunity under extreme conditions (spaceflight, saturation diving, antiorthostatic hypokinesia). The obtained results revealed different kinds of interactions amongst which saturation diving resulted in the most severe decrease of commensale microflora level, decrease of local immunity and appearance of periodontal pathogens.     

密闭燃烧器法固体推进剂燃速测试系统

就才燃烧器法测试系统部分的硬件、软件进行了全面统一的设计,尤其是在软件部分引入了数据库管理系统,不仅使该软件能查询实验相关的数据,还使该软件具备了一定的智能,可以辅助识别推进剂燃速。     

一种应用于着陆支撑系统中的锁紧机构设计与仿真

垂直起降运载器着陆过程是一种对支撑机构的结构强度、锁紧机构可靠性、缓冲器吸能特性要求极高的复杂瞬态碰撞吸能过程。针对现有着陆支撑机构构型单一等问题,提出一种全新的着陆支撑机构构型,并对该锁紧机构进行结构设计。由于支撑机构在展开过程中受到重力、空气阻力等多种环境力的作用,导致锁紧连杆相对速度在有限范围内变化。通过建立锁紧机构中移动构件力学方程并计算得到合理驱动弹簧参数,而后将锁紧相对速度作为输入变量,通过ADAMS建立虚拟样机模型完成工况模拟,并分析不同驱动弹簧参数对锁定可行性的影响,为锁紧机构可靠锁定提供技术支持。     

银河仿真Ⅱ型机一体化软件支撑系统的图形生成与分析处理

对一体化软件支撑系统的图形生成与分析子系统的功能、设计原则及设计思想进行了介绍，并详细介绍了该子系统的实现方法。该子系统为用户建立了方便、灵活、有效的仿真结果分析处理环境。把仿真中产生的结果数据变为直观的图形曲线，并提供了常用的分析处理手段。     

大口径长焦距相机主次镜支撑结构方案初步研究

随着航天技术的迅猛发展,为了实现高分辨率的对地观测,大口径、长焦距的空间相机已成为发展趋势。连接相机主镜和次镜的支撑结构,很大程度上影响相机的成像性能和稳定性,是光学系统的敏感环节。为了得到更好的成像品质,文章选择了筒式、三杆式与桁架式这3种支撑方案作为研究对象,通过工程分析软件对每种结构的设计参数进行优化并进行有限元分析,通过对结构的力学稳定性、热稳定性以及质量等因素的综合考虑,最终选择桁架式支撑结构为最优方案,更适合于大口径、长焦距相机的发展趋势,并提出了该种结构进一步优化的空间与方向。     

封闭式喷雾冷却传热特性的实验与理论研究

喷雾冷却是一种高效的高密度热流散热方式,在空间热控领域具有重要的应用前景。本文基于液膜动力学、气泡动力学和传热学的基本原理,建立了描述喷雾冷却传热特性的理论模型,模型分析结果和实验结果吻合良好;利用实验研究和模型模拟相结合的方法,对以水作为工质的封闭喷雾冷却系统的加热面温度分布、冷却曲线等特性进行了分析,分析结果显示,在封闭式喷雾冷却系统中,被冷却表面也仍然存在着温度分布的不均匀性,但是其最大温差小于5℃;由于喷雾腔内压力较低,喷雾曲线基本上处于两相区内,其换热能力远远高于常压下的换热能力。     

公允价值在会计制度与税收制度中的应用差异分析

本文分析了公允价值在我国会计制度以及税收政策运用中的差异，即会计制度中尽力回避公允价值，而税收政策又广泛采用公允价值，进一步分析发生差异的原因，提出了公允价在我国的未来发展。     

公允价值在会计制度与税收制度中的应用差异分析

本文分析了公允价值在我国会计制度以及税收政策运用中的差异,即会计制度中尽力回避公允价值,而税收政策又广泛采用公允价值,进一步分析发生差异的原因,提出了公允价在我国的未来发展.     

Synthesis of biomass and utilization of plants wastes in a physical model of biological life-support system

The paper considers problems of biosynthesis of higher plants' biomass and "biological incineration" of plant wastes in a working physical model of biological LSS. The plant wastes are "biologically incinerated" in a special heterotrophic block involving Californian worms, mushrooms and straw. The block processes plant wastes (straw, haulms) to produce soil-like substrate (SLS) on which plants (wheat, radish) are grown. Gas exchange in such a system consists of respiratory gas exchange of SLS and photosynthesis and respiration of plants. Specifics of gas exchange dynamics of high plants--SLS complex has been considered. Relationship between such a gas exchange and PAR irradiance and age of plants has been established. Nitrogen and iron were found to the first to limit plants' growth on SLS when process conditions are deranged. The SLS microflora has been found to have different kinds of ammonifying and denitrifying bacteria which is indicative of intensive transformation of nitrogen-containing compounds. The number of physiological groups of microorganisms in SLS was, on the whole, steady. As a result, organic substances--products of exchange of plants and microorganisms were not accumulated in the medium, but mineralized and assimilated by the biocenosis. Experiments showed that the developed model of a man-made ecosystem realized complete utilization of plant wastes and involved them into the intrasystem turnover.     

探究学籍管理制度中的激励机制与学生学习积极性之间的关系

探讨学校现行的学籍管理制度如何主动适应高等教育变化的需要,从而为学校在制定或修订学籍管理规定时提供理论依据和建议。进而充分调动学生学习的主观能动性,提高学习的自觉性,为提升学院整体教学质量服务。     

一种遥测定位导航接收机的硬件设计与实现

介绍一种基于新的定位导航体制的遥测定位接收机,该接收机采用直扩码分多址通信体制,可在高动态、低信噪比环境下正常工作。还介绍该定位系统工作原理和中频同步处理单元(包括捕获和跟踪)的硬件实现。     

带马尔科夫参数的容错控制系统中系统噪声与故障诊断检测延迟时间的关系

讨论了带马尔科夫参数的容错控制系统 (FTCSMP)中 ,在保持系统随机稳定性的前提下 ,系统噪声与故障诊断检测延迟时间的关系 ,并进一步给出了确定故障诊断检测延迟时间范围的方法 ,为故障诊断方法的选择提供了依据     

挠性结构主动控制系统中执行机构配置与系统可控性的关系研究

研究了挠性结构主动振动控制系统中执行机构的配置与系统可控性的关系,针对可以简化为梁结构的挠性结构,分析了为了保证系统可控性所需要配置的执行机构的具体数目,得到了定量的结论。     

高校大学生体育俱乐部科学运行机制与管理体系的构建

在教育部提高大学生体质健康与体育总局全民健身双重目标的指导下,对高校大学生体育俱乐部的运行现状、管理机制等方面进行全面深入的调查,总结问题、分析原因。并结合社会大众休闲健身工程建设的实际需求,找出两者相互合作共同发展的切合点,给出两者可健康持续发展,互惠共赢的合理化建议,使高校大学生体育俱乐部能够更好的为高校体育目标的实现以及社会体育的发展服务。     

飞控系统数字鲁棒控制器双自由度设计及仿真

在深入研究Ｈ∞控制基础上，提出了离散系统一类扰动前馈问题，基于Ｈ∞全信息控制问题，给出并证明了控制器的参数化描述公式。在此基础上，提出了离散双自由度系统的Ｈ∞设计方法。在这一类问题中，相应标准离散Ｈ∞设计中的第二个离散代数Ｒｉｃｃａｔｉ方程不再需要求解。且系统即具有良好的性能又具有很好的鲁棒稳定性。以此方法对一飞控系统进行了详尽的设计和仿真，得到了非常满意的结果。     

一种应用于多飞行器跟踪拍摄的控制系统 半实物仿真虚拟环境设计与实现

针对多飞行器跟踪拍摄的控制系统仿真验证需求,在飞行器控制系统半实物仿真试验中,原有图像测量装置及目标模拟器在目标识别过程中试验成本高、调试复杂程度高的问题,设计实现了一种基于头体相对位置的图像测量实物等效装置,解决了试验准备周期长、试验成本高的问题。试验结果表明,图像测量装置实物等效器闭路制导仿真试验技术既逼近了实际应用环境,提高了试验的真实性和可靠性,又降低了试验成本。     

Using a mini-Raman spectrometer to monitor the adaptive strategies of extremophile colonizers in arid deserts: relationships between signal strength, adaptive strategies, solar radiation, and humidity

Abstract The survival strategies of one cyanobacteria colony and three terricolous lichen species from the hot subdesert of Tabernas, Spain, were studied along with topographical attributes of the area to investigate whether the protective strategies adopted by these pioneer soil colonizers are related to the environmental stressors under which they survive. A handheld Raman spectrometer was used for biomolecular characterization, while the microclimatic and topographic parameters were estimated with a Geographic Information System (GIS). We found that the survival strategies adopted by those organisms are based on different combinations of protective biomolecules, each with diverse ecophysiological functions, such as UV-radiation screening, free-energy quenching, antioxidants, and the production of different types and amounts of calcium oxalates. Our results show that the cyanobacteria community and each lichen species preferentially colonized a particular microhabitat with specific moisture and incident solar radiation levels and exhibited different adaptive mechanisms. In recent years, a number of studies have provided consistent results that suggest a link between the strategies adopted by those extremophile organisms and the microclimatic environmental parameters. To date, however, far too little attention has been paid to results from Raman analyses on dry specimens. Therefore, the results of the present study, produced with the use of our miniaturized instrument, will be of interest to future studies in astrobiology, especially due to the likely use of Raman spectroscopy at the surface of Mars. Key Words: Hot desert-Raman spectroscopy-Topography-Terricolous lichens-Cyanobacteria-Planetary exploration. Astrobiology 12, 743-753.