考虑运动耦合的BTT导弹三维制导律设计

针对倾斜转弯(BTT)导弹制导过程中的双通道耦合问题,设计了一种新型三维(3D)制导律。首先,通过矢量描述的方式,将导弹运动学模型分解成俯冲、转弯和耦合3项,俯冲和转弯两项在笛卡儿坐标系下描述,耦合项则在SO(3)空间中描述。然后,针对无终端约束和有终端约束情况,分别采用比例控制和SO(3)群上的广义比例-微分(PD)控制方式进行了相应的制导律设计。所得制导律既克服了李群方法的结构复杂性,又避免了解耦方法的信息损失。仿真表明,所设计的制导律能够满足BTT导弹精确制导的要求。     

一种新型三维制导律设计的非线性方法

 结合微分几何和李群方法的优点,设计了一种非解耦的新型三维(3D)制导律。首先,基于微分几何理论,得到了导弹运动的微分几何描述方程,无需估计剩余飞行时间。然后,通过李群旋量描述,建立了视线方位角与视线角速率之间的联系。最后,在以上工作的基础上,利用李雅普诺夫稳定理论,针对导弹制导的无终端约束和有终端约束情况分别进行了相应制导律设计。该制导律不需要估算剩余飞行时间,并且能够满足终端角度约束的要求。仿真结果表明：所设计制导律能够适应于高速、大机动倾斜转弯(BTT)导弹精确制导。     

导弹制导与控制一体化三通道解耦设计方法

针对导弹俯冲打击地面目标的问题,基于扩张状态观测器(ESO)和反步滑模设计思想,提出一种导弹制导与控制一体化三通道解耦设计方法。充分考虑制导与控制系统之间以及控制系统三通道间的耦合关系,建立了制导与控制一体化三通道耦合模型。通过ESO对导弹运动六自由度(6DOF)系统内各通道间的动态耦合项和不确定性进行实时观测和动态补偿,实现通道间的主动解耦,从而设计了基于ESO的导弹制导与控制一体化三通道解耦控制律。同时,为了解决在使用ESO对高阶非线性系统进行状态观测时引起的"运算膨胀"问题,通过设计自适应控制律对ESO观测误差进行补偿。基于李雅普诺夫稳定性准则证明了闭环系统所有状态最终一致有界。并与制导与控制一体化三通道独立设计方法和传统的制导与控制系统设计方法进行对比仿真,结果验证了基于ESO的导弹制导与控制一体化三通道解耦设计方法的有效性和优越性。     

攻击时间约束下的三维制导律

基于三维空间内导弹-目标的相对运动方程,针对固定目标,提出了一种攻击时间约束下的多导弹协同攻击的三维制导律。俯仰通道设计了滑模变结构制导律,偏航通道基于动态逆控制理论,采用机动控制,调整导弹的攻击时间,使其趋于指定值,并与在俯仰通道采用推导的增广比例制导律作了比较。最后,仿真结果表明,该制导律最终能使攻击的剩余时间误差趋于零,能够满足对制导精度和攻击时间的要求,证明了算法的正确性和优越性。     

带末端碰撞角约束的三维联合偏置比例制导律设计

可拦截高/低速目标并带有末端碰撞角约束的制导律设计是研究难点,为此,设计一种三维联合偏置比例制导(UBPN)律。该制导律采用时变偏置角速率和时变比例系数,结合顺轨、逆轨拦截模式的优点,使用负比例系数拦截高速目标(顺轨模式),使用正比例系数拦截低速目标(逆轨模式)。给出偏置角速率的解析形式及时变比例系数的奇点解决方法,及二维约束碰撞角到三维约束碰撞角的具体实现过程。与比例制导律、负比例制导律、偏置比例制导律进行了对比验证,结果表明脱靶量、碰撞角误差均满足制导精度要求。     

滑模方法在空空导弹制导律中的应用

针对空中机动目标,采用滑模变结构方法设计了一种空空导弹三维制导律.在考虑三维拦截的情况下,建立了导弹与目标之间的空间相对运动方程.基于滑模变结构控制理论,推导得到了俯仰和偏航通道的末制导律.对于滑模制导律固有的抖振问题,用饱和函数sta(s)代替理想滑动模态中的s印(s)函数来实现准滑动模态控制,即在边界层外采用切换控制,在边界层内采用线性化反馈控制,有效地减小了抖振的发生.数值仿真结果表明,所设计的制导律相对于比例制导律,对机动目标有更好的拦截效果.     

无人机空中加油自主会合的制导与控制

针对无人机空中加油的自主会合问题,进行了相应制导律和非线性控制器的设计。通过改进的带角度约束的三维比例制导律实现对航向角的控制,以协调转弯的方式将航迹角指令转化为姿态角指令。基于无人机六自由度的动力学模型,针对无人机的姿态控制,采用时标分离的方法设计了慢子系统和快子系统,并对这两个子系统分别进行动态逆控制设计。同时,基于滑模控制的方法设计了满足自主会合要求的速度控制律。在保证无人机飞行稳定的基础上,实现了对控制和制导指令的精确跟踪。仿真结果表明,所设计的制导律和控制律能够实现无人机空中加油的自主会合,具有良好的动态特性。     

基于GRU的敌方拦截弹制导律快速辨识方法

针对拦截弹制导律辨识问题,基于门循环单元(GRU)神经网络提出了一种制导律辨识方法.首先,构建了三维空间下的拦截弹-我方飞行器相对运动模型,并假设拦截弹采用经典的比例导引(PN)制导律或增强比例导引(APN)制导律.由相对运动模型提取数据,构成训练样本集和测试样本集,样本输入为敌我双方运动学信息,标签为敌方拦截弹对应的...     

基于Lyapunov稳定性的扩展比例制导律设计

基于一般弹目平面运动模型,以视线角、视线角速率为状态变量将弹目运动关系转换为二阶控制系统状态空间表达,把制导律设计转化为系统控制律的设计问题.在此控制模型的基础之上,利用Lyapunov稳定性定理,以视线角速率平方项作为能量函数设计了一种新型的扩展比例导引律,与其他扩展比例导引律相比,该导引律不需要增加任何制导观测信息,可以有效抑制噪声影响,并将基于Lyapunov稳定性的末制导律设计方法推广到有终端角约束的制导律设计中.仿真结果比较表明,该制导律可以提高制导精度、有效减小制导信息中的噪声影响.     

基于动态逆方法的三维制导律研究

基于零化视线角速率思想,设计了三维非线性动态逆制导律。首先建立了导弹和目标空间运动学模型和相对运动学模型;然后利用动态逆方法,将制导问题转化为角度跟踪控制问题,将导弹弹道倾角和弹道偏角作为反馈项,补偿输入动态项,将非线性控制问题转化为线性化问题进行求解,未出现隐动态,推导出了三维空间动态逆制导指令;最后运用带有延迟环节的三阶自动驾驶仪模型进行了仿真。结果表明,该制导律具有拦截机动目标的能力,且相对于比例导引,拦截时间短,脱靶量小,导弹过载变化平稳。     

Three-dimensional Large Landing Angle Guidance Based on Two-dimensional Guidance Laws

 Both the design process and form of the three-dimensional (3D) suboptimal guidance law (3DSGL) are very complex. Therefore, we propose the use of two-dimensional (2D) guidance laws to meet the guidance requirements of 3D space. By analyzing the relationship between the flight-path angle and its projections on OXY and OXZ planes, we obtain the ideal design requirements of the guidance laws. Based on the requirements, we design a 2D suboptimal guidance law used in the horizontal plane; combining the 2D vertical suboptimal guidance law, we create a whole ballistic simulation of six degree-of-freedom. The results are compared with those using other three guidance modes in the case of large windage of the initial azimuth angle. When the proportional navigation guidance (PNG) law is used in the horizontal planes, the landing angle will obviously decrease. With the proposed guidance mode, the large landing angle can be realized and meet the guidance precision requirements. Moreover, the required overload can decrease to meet the control requirement. The effects of the proposed guidance mode are close to that of 3DSGL despite its very simple form.     

Sub-optimal fixed-finite-horizon spacecraft configuration control on SE(3)

For achieving the desired configuration of spacecraft at the desired fixed time, a sub-optimal fixed-finite-horizon configuration control method on the Lie group SE(3) is developed based on the Model Predictive Static Programming (MPSP). The MPSP technique has been widely used to solve finite-horizon optimal control problems and is known for its high computational efficiency thanks to the closed-form solution, but it cannot be directly applied to systems on SE(3). The methodological innovation in this paper enables that the MPSP technique is extended to the geometric control on SE(3), using the variational principle, the left-invariant properties of Lie groups, and the topology structure of Lie algebra space. Moreover, the energy consumption, which is crucial for spacecraft operations, is considered as the objective function to be optimized in the optimal control formulation. The effectiveness of the designed sub-optimal control method is demonstrated through an online simulation under disturbances and state measurement errors.     

考虑导弹自动驾驶仪二阶动态特性的三维导引律

基于三维(3D)空间坐标系下目标-导弹相对运动方程,考虑导弹自动驾驶仪的二阶动态特性,应用动态面控制方法设计了一种新的三维空间导引律.在设计过程中,通过引入一阶低通滤波器,使得导引律的最终表达式中不含有视线角速率的高阶导数,更易于实际应用.该导引律有效地克服了导弹控制系统的动态延迟对制导精度的影响.将该导引律与未考虑导...     

Optimal terminal guidance for exoatmospheric interception

In this study, two optimal terminal guidance (OTG) laws, one of which takes into account the final velocity vector constraint, are developed for exoatmospheric interception using optimal control theory. In exoatmospheric interception, because the proposed guidance laws give full consideration to the effect of gravity, they consume much less fuel than the traditional guidance laws while requiring a light computational load. In the development of the guidance laws, a unified optimal guidance problem is put forward, where the final velocity vector constraint can be consid-ered or neglected by properly adjusting a parameter in the cost function. To make this problem ana-lytically solvable, a linear model is used to approximate the gravity difference, the difference of the gravitational accelerations of the target and interceptor. Additionally, an example is provided to show that some achievements of this study can be used to significantly improve the fuel efficiency of the pulsed guidance employed by the interceptor whose divert thrust level is fixed.     

3D guidance law modeling

Proportional navigation (PN) guidance laws (GLs) have been widely used and studied in the guidance literature. But most of the guidance literature on PN has concentrated on the evaluation of empirical PNGLs or GLs obtained from very specific optimality considerations. The authors present a novel approach (called guidance laws modeling) to derive new GLs. They consider the basic requirements of capture and define a complete class of GLs that meet these requirements. It is shown that PN is a natural candidate in this class. The main consequence of this modeling process is the definition of two new GLs: one in 2D space and the other in 3D space. These new GLs can be interpreted as new generalizations of the true proportional navigation (TPN) GL. Moreover, it is shown that these generalizations allow the TPNGL to match the capturability performance of the pure proportional navigation (PPN) GL in terms of initial conditions which allow the guided object to reach its target     

A finite-time 3D guidance law based on fixed-time convergence disturbance observer

In order to achieve accurate interception of high-speed maneuvering targets, this paper presents a relative Line-of-Sight (LOS) velocity based finite-time three-dimensional guidance law design framework, and discusses the application of fixed-time convergence disturbance observer in this framework. Firstly, a simple Lyapunov function is provided to show that the coupled terms in the relative kinematics can be ignored in the proposed guidance law design framework. Secondly, the realizations of several classical guidance laws are analyzed with the proposed framework, including TPN guidance law, finite-time Input-to-State Stability (ISS) guidance law, and sliding mode guidance law. Thirdly, fixed-time convergence disturbance observers are introduced to design the composite finite-time 3D guidance law, and Lyapunov method is employed to show the stability of the guidance system. Numerical simulations with different scenarios show that the proposed generalized guidance law performs high interception accuracy.     

程序调参飞行控制律的神经网络实现

为保证飞行品质,现代飞机中多采用程度调参飞行控制律,由于调参规律的高度非线性,使得控制律的工程实现相当困难。为此,对程序调参飞行控制律的神经网络实现方法进行了研究。通过应用ＢＰ神经网络逼近非线性调参规律。探讨了用ＢＰ网络实现程序调参飞行控制律的一般方法,给出了网络的结构及其优化算法,并以某型飞机电传操纵系统倾斜阻尼通道的程序调参控制律为例,对该实现方法进行降验证。结果表明,实现精度符合工程要求。     

空射倾斜转弯导弹制导控制系统设计

讨论了空射 BTT 导弹的制导命令的生成,特别是针对纵向通道降高问题,设计了一种新的降高段控制指令,然后给出了三个通道的 PID 控制器。六自由度的仿真结果表明这种制导控制设计是成功的。