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等离子体在军事上的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
简要介绍了等离子体的特性及其在现代战争中的应用。着重讨论了等离子体在隐身技术、巡航导弹防御中的应用 ,另外还分析了以等离子体作为动力的等离子体火箭和等离子体武器的原理。 相似文献
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电弧放电等离子体对超声速边界层影响的数值模拟 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于电弧放电等离子体热阻塞机理,对等离子体超声速流动控制过程进行了数值模拟,研究了等离子体对边界层的影响,分析了放电区大小、温度等对其作用效果的影响。结果显示:在高温等离子体放电区的上下游近区发生了边界层分离及漩涡运动;在放电区内有两种边界层,即高温等离子体与外界低温气流之间的温度边界层和气流与壁面之间的粘性边界层;放电区内形成漩涡运动的原因有两个,即内外压差和边界层分离;上游边界层的分离点y轴坐标随温度的增大而减小;增大来流速度,放电区上游分离点y轴坐标呈先增大后减小的趋势、放电区内漩涡运动加剧、下游近区边界层分离点y轴坐标减小。 相似文献
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在前期开展再入飞行器RCS(雷达散射截面)特性试验和理论研究的基础上,对典型临近空间高超声速飞行器RCS特性开展了研究,分析了绕流和尾迹对飞行器本体RCS特性的影响。研究表明等离子体流场在头身部绕流、近尾尾迹和部分远尾尾迹的最大电子密度将远高于电离层最高电子密度,更高于典型天波超视距雷达工作频段对应的临界电子密度。因而等离子体尾迹将会对3~30 MHz频段电磁波产生较强的散射,使得等离子体尾迹的RCS远远大于飞行器本体的RCS。利用临近空间高超声速飞行器尾迹RCS的这一特点,有可能实现对临近空间高超声速飞行器的超视距探测。 相似文献
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针对具有金属反射面的非均匀等离子体对电磁波的反射、吸收问题,采用求解波动方程的方法构造相应的边界条件,详细研究各种参数等离子体对电磁波的吸收特性,讨论对等离子体参数及波动方程进行归一化的方法,得到归一化条件下的等离子体宽频带吸收特性。计算分析表明,对于电子密度为某种渐进分布的有碰撞的低温等离子体,当碰撞频率与最大电子密度处的等离子体频率相近或略大,且等离子体层的厚度足够大时,在一个较宽的频带内,等离子体对电磁波有较强的吸收作用。研究结论可以用于等离子体参数的选择,及等离子体隐身的参数设计。 相似文献
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地面实验室模拟空间等离子体环境的初步测试 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在地面模拟电离层等离子体与高压太阳电池阵的相互作用时,需要一定密度和能量的等离子体环境,因而希望能在地面试验室中利用微波ERC等离子体源来近似模拟空间等离子体环境。文章对该等离子体源进行了初步测试,利用等离子体诊断系统获得了在大真空容器中的等离子体有关参数的测量数据,通过分析,我们得到了一个比较均匀的等离子体环境。 相似文献
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G. L. Gdalevich N. I. Izhovkina V. D. Ozerov N. Bankov S. Chapkanov L. Todorieva 《Cosmic Research》2006,44(5):419-424
The results of the satellite low-latitude and mid-latitude measurements of the disturbed plasma concentration, electron temperature, and quasi-stable electric field at heights of ~900 km after sunset are discussed. It is shown that the sharp fronts of changes in the electron temperature and plasma density observed in the experiment onboard the Intercosmos-Bulgaria-1300 satellite in the low-latitude (and equatorial) outer ionosphere can be related to damping of the oscillations of plasma electrons at local decreases of the plasma density (plasma “pits”) and formation of the vortex plasma structures at density and temperature gradients, which promotes conservation of ionosphere irregularities and makes the fronts of concentration variations steeper. Nonmonotonic variations in the plasma conductivity for the ionosphere currents in unstable plasma can be a cause of observed nonmonotonic disturbances of the vertical component of the “constant” electric field. 相似文献
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一种研究电弧风洞等离子体密度的诊断方法 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
用微波探针法研究了等离子体密度变化。一般情况下,它除了不对等离子体产生干扰外,还可以对等离子体进行实时监测。本文利用这种方法对电弧风洞等离子体的形成以及不同状态下的密度变化作了观测,并同扫描朗谬探针在相同实验条件下的结果进行了比较。实验结果表明,微波探针是研究特殊环境下等离子体密度变化的一种好方法。 相似文献
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A. S. Kovtyukh 《Cosmic Research》2001,39(6):527-558
This review deals with basic results of experimental and theoretical studies (numerical simulations included) of the distributions, composition, and dynamics of particles of a hot plasma in the geomagnetosphere. Attention is drawn mainly to the ring current and the plasma sheet of the magnetotail, which play a key role in physics of the magnetosphere. The integrity (unity) of the system outer radiation belt–ring current–near plasma sheet is substantiated (the concept of a hot plasma geocorona). From the viewpoint of this concept, the physical processes and theories are considered that were suggested in order to explain the structure and dynamics of the hot magnetosphere plasma. An emphasis is made on disputable issues and topical problems so far unsolved. 相似文献
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The observational data on the plasma density and electron component temperature in the region of the geomagnetic equator in the ionosphere F layer are presented. The measurements have been conducted by scientific equipment onboard the Kosmos 900 satellite (on August 7, 1979). A plasma cavern was observed in this region. It is shown that the formation of the cavern may be related to the attenuation of the electrostatic plasma instability and plasma vortices in the upper ionosphere at the geomagnetic equator. 相似文献
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针对空间热等离子探测中大通量动态范围、宽视场和高分辨率的需求,以带顶盖球形静电分析器为基础设计了2π视场热等离子体分析仪(Hot plasma analyzer, HPA),探测性能得到显著提升。通过优化球形剖面视场偏转系统以及粒子光学系统,实现对热等离子体的2π视场高角度分辨率探测,可探测能量范围覆盖50 eV~20 keV,能量分辨率优于10%。利用顶盖电压控制方式实现几何因子在两个量级内连续可调,可以满足对太阳风和磁层热等离子体的全空间高分辨探测需求。 相似文献
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The data of measuring the plasma density in the topside ionosphere for the South-Atlantic geomagnetic anomaly region are presented. It is shown that irregular plasma structures with a wide spectrum of irregularity scale (including large-scale structures with a dimension of order of some hundred kilometers) can be generated in the fields of electrostatic turbulence in inhomogeneous plasma. 相似文献
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A dispersion equation is derived for small disturbances of the magnetohydrodynamic type in optically transparent plasma with cosmic abundance of elements. The electron heat conductivity along the magnetic field and proton heat conductivity across the field are taken into account. It is shown that entropy waves increase exponentially in wide ranges of temperatures and densities of the cosmic plasma. Manifestations of instability of the entropy waves in the cosmic plasma are discussed. 相似文献
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The methodology of physical modeling of scattering of electromagnetic waves by plasma jets and structures near a spacecraft's surface is developed. The effects of attenuation and distortion of radio signals reflected from spacecraft construction elements by plasma jets and artificial plasma structures, which arise during the operation of electric jet engines, injection of electron beams, and in the course of active and passive experiments in orbit, are experimentally investigated. 相似文献
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卫星充电和尾迹效应会对周围的等离子体造成扰动,进而影响星上电磁和等离子测量 载荷的测量精度。利用卫星与等离子体相互作用模拟软件SPIS,并采用DEMETER卫星的 一组在轨测试的等离子参数,采用粒子分室法模拟了低轨道卫星的尾迹效应特性。结果显示 ,卫星的表面充电电位为-0.72 V,负的充电电位一定程度上减小了尾迹效应的影响,尾 迹效应对等离子体的扰动在尾迹一侧约为2.5 m,离子撞击侧约为0.7 m,其余两个 侧面约为1.1 m,即等离子鞘层呈桃形分布,且在尾迹区存在离子浓度为零的空白区和 浓度较小的稀薄区,而在尾迹区也是电子浓度的稀薄区,但不存在电子浓度为零的空白区。
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在目标的雷达隐身方面,等离子体具有巨大的应用潜力。对隐身应用时产生等离子体的气压、放电气体种类以及放电方式进行了论述。指出在大气压下,适宜利用惰性气体放电来产生等离子体。而目前许多文献中所报道的隐身等离子体的产生方法离工程应用还有一定距离,还有许多问题亟待解决。 相似文献