高分三号卫星C频段多极化有源相控阵天线系统设计

高分三号(GF-3)卫星SAR载荷天线是中国首副成功在轨应用的C频段多极化天线,其采用有源相控阵体制,多极化共孔径设计,波束控制灵活,能够实现12种常规工作模式及多种扩展模式。GF-3卫星C频段多极化有源相控阵天线(简称SAR天线)质量占到卫星总质量的46%,工作时最大功耗占卫星能源功耗的60%以上,而其发射功率、带宽特性、方向图等都对成像性能有着至关重要的影响。文章针对GF-3卫星SAR天线C频段、多极化、大带宽、高功耗、高精度、大尺寸、轻量化等特点,介绍了天线系统设计的内容及主要性能结果,可为中国后续SAR卫星有源相控阵天线的研制提供参考。     

Cost effectiveness requirements for space power stations

The concept of converting solar energy in orbital space stations and transmitting electrical power to Earth at radio frequency, is receiving increasing attention both in paper studies and experimental and development work. The projects conceived are large in scale and implications and will demand major resources in their development and deployment. In addition to the technological requirements, the problem of reaching international decisions at political levels to fund and operate such systems will be immense. It will therefore be essential to establish as accurately as possible the basic parameters which will lead to a viable project, particularly with regard to economics.

This paper, therefore, examines the requirements which together will determine the appropriate levels of cost effectiveness of space power stations and should assist in establishing critical or sensitive areas which will influence the operational validity of the concepts. The r.f. transmission of electric power to and from, or between, spacecraft may itself have wider implications and is another aspect considered in the paper.

In summary, the paper does not seek to introduce new design concepts, but appraises the situation and exposes indicators concerning cost effectiveness.     

Microwave policy issues for solar space power

This article reviews the three major policy issues likely to arise from an SSP system: environmental safety, frequency allocation and prevention of interference with other frequency-using activities. Supporters of SSP must make sure that their case is heard clearly at the ITU, but they must also do more to promote public awareness of the technology's potential benefits in order to counter inappropriate use of the Precautionary Principle by anti-technology groups. The strengthening of standard-setting groups world-wide will also assist this process.     

发动机工况实时调节软件设计

介绍了基于DSP/BIOS的某发动机工况实时调节软件的设计,包括需求分析、技术方案分析、软件设计与实现等。利用DSP/BIOS基于任务优先级的多线程机制,完成步进脉冲分配、调节器控制、工况参数解算及工况调节等,实现了发动机工况的实时、可靠调节。软件经过充分的测试、验证,其功能和性能完全满足要求。     

Promoting the coalition for a lunar power system

Powering human civilization in the 21st century with clean energy from the Moon became the focus of a unique conference conducted at the Sea Lodge in LaJolla, California, 9–11 July 1990. Organized by Netrologic Inc of San Diego, the lunar-based Solar Power Planning Workshop attracted an elite group of 25 distinguished scientists, engineers and other professionals to formulate an international Coalition for a Lunar Power System. The participants ranged from Buzz Aldrin of Starcraft Enterprises and Bryan Erb of the Canadian Space Agency, to Osamu Inoue of Shimizu Corporation and Gary McAllister of Bechtel Corporation.     

Identification of power analysis models for ETS-III operation

This paper describes the identification of power analysis models of BOP (the Bus Equipment Operation Analysis Program) for ETS-III operation. The ETS-III (Engineering Test Satellite III) was launched in September 1982. BOP simulations are to provide prior confirmation for safe operation in terms of electrical power and thermal control situations. It is necessary to identify power analysis model first and improve the model for higher accuracy. Studies for model identification have been done by using flight data and simulation results. As a result of these studies, the power analysis model meets well with the actual ETS-III power situation and the aimed accuracy of the model has been achieved.     

星载高速数字电路电源芯片选型及电源完整性设计

优化电源完整性及可靠性设计可以有效提高高速数字电路在高速、高负载及极端环境下工作的性能及可靠性。通过对开关式点电源及LDO (低压差线型稳压器)两种供电方式在星载高速数字电路中的应用特点进行分析,总结出针对两种电源在电源完整性上的设计准则,量化相应测试指标,通过对开关类电源LTM4644及LDO型电源对信号完整性设计及电源芯片选型进行研究优化,为星载高速数字电路电源完整性设计及测试提供部分参考及依据。     

Deployment history and design considerations for space reactor power systems

The history of the deployment of nuclear reactors in Earth orbits is reviewed with emphases on lessons learned and the operation and safety experiences. The former Soviet Union's “BUK” power systems, with SiGe thermoelectric conversion and fast neutron energy spectrum reactors, powered a total of 31 Radar Ocean Reconnaissance Satellites (RORSATs) from 1970 to 1988 in 260 km orbit. Two of the former Soviet Union's TOPAZ reactors, with in-core thermionic conversion and epithermal neutron energy spectrum, powered two Cosmos missions launched in 1987 in ～800 km orbit. The US’ SNAP-10A system, with SiGe energy conversion and a thermal neutron energy spectrum reactor, was launched in 1965 in 1300 km orbit. The three reactor systems used liquid NaK-78 coolant, stainless steel structure and highly enriched uranium fuel (90–96 wt%) and operated at a reactor exit temperature of 833–973 K. The BUK reactors used U-Mo fuel rods, TOPAZ used UO₂ fuel rods and four ZrH moderator disks, and the SNAP-10A used moderated U-ZrH fuel rods. These low power space reactor systems were designed for short missions (～0.5 kW_e and ～1 year for SNAP-10A, <3.0 kW_e and <6 months for BUK, and ～5.5 kW_e and up to 1 year for TOPAZ). The deactivated BUK reactors at the end of mission, which varied in duration from a few hours to ～4.5 months, were boosted into ～800 km storage orbit with a decay life of more than 600 year. The ejection of the last 16 BUK reactor fuel cores caused significant contamination of Earth orbits with NaK droplets that varied in sizes from a few microns to 5 cm. Power systems to enhance or enable future interplanetary exploration, in-situ resources utilization on Mars and the Moon, and civilian missions in 1000–3000 km orbits would generate significantly more power of 10's to 100's kW_e for 5–10 years, or even longer. A number of design options to enhance the operation reliability and safety of these high power space reactor power systems are presented and discussed.     

航天器直流电源系统稳定性分析方法研究

航天器直流分布式电源系统由于在母线上使用的直流/直流变换器等部件数量的迅速增加,导致各个部件间相互影响问题较为突出。文章就航天器直流分布式电源系统的稳定性问题进行了研究,对影响系统稳定性的主要因素进行了分析,并对目前在国际空间站直流分布式电源系统稳定性研究中所采用的分析方法进行了比较研究。最后针对我国航天器直流分布式电源系统特点,提出了开展系统稳定性研究的建议。     

二级摇摆伺服机构供电系统可靠性分析

某型二级摇摆伺服机构要求在地面热试车全过程中由试验台提供稳定可靠的直流电源,原二级摇摆伺服机构供电系统为单一的整流器供电模式,试验过程完全依赖市电进行转换,没有任何其他保障措施,可靠性受到很大影响.为此,提出2种供电方案,通过比较分析系统的可靠性和可能发生的故障,最终选择了整流器和电池组相配合的供电方式.试验测试性能结果表明：这种供电方式完全满足试车任务的需求并具有较高的可靠性.     

Societal imperatives and the need for space nuclear power and propulsion systems

The development and exploitation of nuclear power and propulsion represent certain didactic imperatives for human civilization. Among these are economic, epistemological, moral and commercial propositions. Developing space nuclear power and propulsion represents one future; the choice of not to pursue the course barring some breakthrough in physics represents a dramatically different future. The author argues that the time is now fortuitous for deployment and operation of nuclear propulsion and power, primarily nuclear electric propulsion, at significant levels, employing figures of merit that transcend simple cost models used to justify nuclear power sources in the past. The proposition is examined, in the light of US and UN restrictions, to ascertain how best to proceed. The author argues that viewpoints of certain vocal albeit uninformed public interest groups are typically self-serving and generally categorically incorrect; it can be asserted that these same groups do not truly represent the public interest at all. It is, therefore, necessary to present an even-handed assessment of both sides of the argument to determine the virtues and liabilities of embarking on such a developmental path. Given the imperatives mentioned, the author argues that nuclear power and propulsion for space systems is a societal necessity.     

成败型产品可靠性评估的Bayes修正幂验前方法

如何合理有效地利用验前信息,是Bayes评定的关键问题.针对小子样成败型产品的可靠性评估,引入修正幂验前分布控制验前信息对验后估计的影响,详细推导了Bayes修正幂验前下的成败型产品可靠性参数验后密度函数.通过时参数验后估计的分析,该方法能有效避免验前信息"淹没"现场信息的问题,而幂参数通过验后边缘分布得到.通过对验后估计MSE的分析,给出了验前信息利用的一些基本原则,为工程应用提供了指导.     

预冷空气涡轮火箭组合动力系统原理与实现途径

针对重复使用航天运输系统及临近空间快速投放平台动力需求,提出了一种预冷空气涡轮火箭组合动力系统方案,分析了此动力系统的技术特点及与其他组合循环动力的差异,进行了系统初步性能分析.研究表明:通过调节系统参数,此动力系统参数闭合,性能较佳,方案可行;进一步分析了动力系统涉及的核心技术及技术基础,认为预冷空气涡轮火箭组合动力系统具有可实现性.     

Force and power characteristics of a resistive exercise device for use in space

We have developed a non-gravity dependent mechanical device, which provides resistance during coupled concentric and eccentric muscle actions, through the inertia of a spinning fly-wheel (Fly-Wheel Ergometry; FWE). Our research shows that lower-limb FWE exercise can produce forces and thus muscular stress comparable to what is typical of advanced resistance training using free weights. FWE also offers greater training stimuli during eccentric relative to concentric muscle actions, as evidenced by force and electromyographic (EMG) measurements. Muscle use of specific muscle groups, as assessed by the exercise-induced contrast shift of magnetic resonance images, is similar during lower-limb FWE and the barbell squat. Unlike free-weight exercise, FWE allows for maximal voluntary effort in each repetition of an exercise bout. Likewise, FWE exercise, not unassisted free-weight exercise, produces eccentric "overload". Collectively, the inherent features of this resistive exercise device and the results of the physiological evaluations we have performed, suggest that resistance exercise using FWE could be used as an effective exercise counter-measure in space. The flywheel principle can be employed to any exercise configuration and designed into a compact device allowing for exercises stressing those muscles and bone structures, which are thought to be most affected by long-duration spaceflight.     

噪声干扰Link-16数据链的干扰功率分配方法

在建立对Link-16数据链的干扰模型和接收机模型的基础上,分析了噪声干扰下接收机的误码性能,研究了干扰功率分配问题,并得到了对Link-16数据链的干扰功率分配方程,最后进行了仿真分析。     

新一代运载火箭动力系统试车总体试验技术研究

针对动力系统试验规模大、风险高、密度高、并行环节多、技术难度大等突出特点,试验主体承担单位细化落实试验主体抓总责任,充分发挥抓总、策划、牵引能力,注重工艺流程的持续优化、加强试验过程的统筹协调、安全防范和风险管控,统一指挥十余个参试系统,统领近十个参试单位形成的试验队有序工作,技术状态控制有效,确保了三型运载火箭八个模块十二次动力系统试车准时准点和圆满成功,为三型运载火箭按期首飞奠定了基础。     

航管楼高可靠性UPS供电方案的探讨与设计

引言我国各机场均建有负责空管运行、指挥的航管楼,特别是各省会城市机场的航管楼,几乎都设有塔台管制室、区域管制室、运行管理、飞行服务、技术保障和气象服务等多个运行单位,共有设备200余台,担负着航管雷达信号处理与显示、地空通信、航行电报收发与处理、气象信息发布、航情通告转发等重要工作。     

An economic assessment of space solar power as a source of electricity for space-based activities

Those in the space community interested in deploying space solar power (SSP) need to know whether it would make economic sense. This article aims to develop a conceptual model of the economic value of SSP as a source of power to in-space activities, such as spacecraft and space stations. We offer several estimates of the value based on interviews and published data, discuss technological innovations that may compete with or be complementary to SSP, and consider alternative institutional arrangements for government and the private sector to provide SSP.     

新一代运载火箭氢氧模块动力系统试验风险分析

针对新一代运载火箭氢氧模块动力系统试车试验台进行了风险分析.分析方法采用基于元件的系统级FMECA和基于工艺流程的过程FMECA相结合的方法,引入“发生可能性”和“严酷度”两个指标,建立FMECA工作表,实现了风险因素量化分析与控制,并引入“风险指数”对风险事项排序.通过分析共识别Ⅰ、Ⅱ类单点故障模式45项,提出了试验台在设计、生产、使用和操作中应采取的控制措施,使系统可靠性得到了增长.该方法有效拓展了大型地面试验风险管理的思路.     

浅谈民航空管设备机房供配电、防雷及接地系统

引言在保障飞行安全和航班正常的现代民航空管设备体系中,大量地采用了计算机和大规模集成电路技术,例如通信(有线和无线)、导航、雷达,以及各种自动化系统等。由于