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At certain intervals excess water has to be dumped into space overboard of the Spacelab cabin. For the development of a useful nozzle the behaviour of a water jet flowing into vacuum was investigated experimentally and theoretical interpretations of the flow phenomena which were found are given. The influence of parameters like the shape of the nozzle, the temperature and the gas content of water were studied. At certain test conditions, the jet leaves the nozzle exit in bundled form and ends abruptly bursting into droplets and ice-particles. The “bursting”-mechanism is explained by a sudden boiling of the water in the jet causing the growth of vapor bubbles decomposing the jet. The formation of vapor bubbles is initiated by a superheating of the water of the jet caused by a sudden pressure drop and a cooling at the surface of the jet. The expansion of vapor bubbles in the jet is retarded by surface tension forces which results in a relaxation time for the bursting of the jet. The vapor flow in radial directions of the jet is approximately described by a plane radial source flow. The measurement of the pitot-pressure radially to the jet proves that the vapor flow is supersonic. 相似文献
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D.G. Johansen 《Acta Astronautica》1980,7(2):183-195
The stability of subsonic flow which is radiation-heated and subsequently discharged through a supersonic nozzle is analyzed. A solution is found for steady, one-dimensional flow and the equations for small harmonic disturbances are derived. The transfer function relating back pressure to flow momentum is found by integration considering the sonic and exit boundary conditions. A characteristic equation using this transfer function is developed and used to demonstrate stability. 相似文献
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采用数值分析方法分析了跨声速喷管无粘流动和超声速射流对挡流板的冲击流场。该方法是对激波流动添加了显式人工粘性项,控制方程仍为Navier-Stokes方程,采用MacCormack二阶显式预后-校正差分格式求解。 相似文献
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针对发动机燃气喷流对底部流动的影响开展研究。建立冷喷与热喷计算方法,与经典的高压空气尾喷管喷流试验数据进行了对比,验证了本文建立的三维喷流方法的可靠性。对本文选用的飞行器外形采用冷喷与热喷方法开展了对比计算并与飞行试验值进行比较,分析了两种方法结果的差异。采用热喷方法对来流马赫数 2.5 ,不同飞行高度及喷管进口总压开展计算,研究飞行高度及喷管进口总压对发动机喷流及底部流场的影响。结果表明,保持飞行高度、来流马赫数不变,喷管进口总压增加,底部压力系数逐渐提高。燃气质量浓度最大值位于底部空腔的壁面处,且保持一个恒定值。保持喷管进口总压、来流马赫数不变,飞行高度增加,喷流高速区向后移动且中心区最大马赫数增加。在一定飞行高度下,底部压力系数由负转正,即飞行器底部会出现正推力,这对飞行器的射程会产生重要影响,需要提前评估。 相似文献
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Understanding the characteristics of various Counterflowing jets exiting from a nose cone is crucial for determining heat load reduction and usage of this device in various conditions. Such jets can undergo several flow regimes during venting, from initial supersonic flow, to transonic, to subsonic flow regimes as the pressure of jet decreases. A bow shock wave is a characteristic flow structure during the initial stage of the jet development, and this paper focuses on the development of the bow shock wave and the jet structure behind it. The transient behavior of a sonic counterflow jet is investigated using unsteady, axisymmetric Navier–Stokes solved with SST turbulence model at free stream Mach number of 5.75. The coolant gas (Carbon Dioxide and Helium) is chosen to inject into the hypersonic air flow at the nose of the model. The gases are considered to be ideal, and the computational domain is axisymmetric. The jet structure, including the shock wave and flow separation due to an adverse pressure gradient at the nose is investigated with a focus on the differences between high diffusivity coolant jet (Helium) and low diffusivity coolant jet (CO2) flow scenarios. 相似文献
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采用尺度自适应模拟(Scale Adaptive Simulation, SAS)方法对火箭在起降过程中喷流的地面效应进行了数值研究,对比分析了在海平面和类火星环境下的喷流冲击倾斜地面和水平地面时的流场结构以及喷管的侧向载荷。在海平面环境下,喷管内部出现流动分离,喷管内壁压力先减小,在分离点处压力达到最低点,然后压力增加至环境压力。喷流冲击倾斜地面时具有更强烈的流动不稳定性,喷流出现明显的时间演化现象。在类火星环境下,喷管内部不发生流动分离,内壁的压力沿着流向逐渐减小。喷流冲击倾斜地面时,在喷管出口的外侧形成了上下移动的马赫盘;喷流冲击水平地面时,喷流和地面反弹气流相互作用,阻碍了马赫盘的形成。研究结果还表明在类火星环境和海平面环境下,喷流冲击倾斜地面时喷管内壁温度均上升。研究结果将为火箭回收和火星着陆的方案选取提供参考。 相似文献
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为提高火箭基冲压组合循环(RBCC)发动机火箭冲压模态下火箭推力增益,基于模拟飞行Ma=4来流条件的数值计算结果,分析了火箭射流与冲压主流超/超剪切流动的特性,探讨了火箭推力增益的组成,并给出了提高火箭推力增益的措施:1)冲压流道、火箭工作参数的选取必须确保两股超声速剪切流之间的流动匹配,在有限空间内快速、低损的实现高能火箭射流与低能冲压主流间的动量及质量输运,最大限度地提高发动机喷管排气速度及压力;2)采用高室压火箭,通过增加推力室室压,提高火箭燃气膨胀程度,减小火箭推力增益损失。 相似文献
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燃气舵的舵间气动干扰分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
固体发动机地面试验燃气舵测力试验数据与习惯上的单独舵风洞测力试验存在着差异,多舵风洞测力试验表明:当喷流出口静压小于环境压力(p<1。0)燃气舵的气动性能重现了地面试验的结果,(p>1.0);与单独舵的风洞试验结果相接近。分析得出p<1.0时燃气舵气动性能变差的原因是多舵使超音速喷流受堵,气流分离之故。 相似文献
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本文对三维隅角机翼声速喷流与超声速主流的干扰流扬进行了数值模拟。三维欧拉方程的求解采用非结构网络有限体积伽辽金法(Finite Volume Galerkin Method)。引入了总体结点积分域的概念,简化了从单元矩阵到总体矩阵的汇总过程。通量的分裂采用Osher格式,通过外差使其由一阶精度上升为二阶精度。发展了一种基于线化流量的逆风非结构网格隐式有限元格式以提高求解精度及效率。最后给出了三维隅角机翼流场的算例。 相似文献
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采用RNG k-ε湍流模型对RQL(rich—burn/quick—quench/lean—burn)燃烧室内气流的掺混过程进行了数值模拟,运用等效思想,通过对混合流场内部温度、近壁区温度以及出口温度的分析,讨论不同掺混角度和掺混射流速度对RQL燃烧室混合特性的影响,进而了解RQL燃烧室工作时热流流场的结构状况。研究结果表明,不同的掺混气流入射角度和速度,对RQL燃烧室内气流掺混的高温区位置、壁面温度以及出口温度分布的影响明显。 相似文献