共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
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关于剩磁对卫星姿态确定与控制影响的研究 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
讨论了稳态剩磁对地磁姿态确定与控制系统的性能的影响。对某些卫星来说,星上的直流电设备单元会产生一个支配性的稳定磁场。文中提出一个姿态确定滤波器对剩磁场的影响进行了估计,然后从剩磁矩指向、大小及伸杆长度3方面分析了剩磁干扰力矩对姿态控制精度的影响。通过计算机仿真发现:该滤波器能有效消除剩磁场对姿态确定的影响;不同指向的剩磁矩令三轴控制精度出现较大的起伏,而不断增大的剩磁量则使控制偏差呈正比例增大,伸杆长度的影响却很微小。 相似文献
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提出了一种对磁强计/太阳敏感器的无姿态信息的在轨实时标定方法。在现有的标定算法中,仅采用地磁矢量的模作为观测量,本文引入地磁矢量与太阳矢量之间的数量积作为观测量,增强了其可观性,也使对太阳敏感器的实时标定成为可能。扩展卡尔曼滤波器(Extended Kalman Filter,EKF)虽然获得广泛应用,但其线性化过程会引入截断误差,而无香卡尔曼滤波器(Unscented Kalman Filter,UKF)是非线性滤波方法,不须对系统进行线性化。分别利用EKF与UKF的滤波标定算法进行标定研究,仿真结果表明了本文算法的有效性,如磁强计偏置的标定精度,UKF比EKF高26%。 相似文献
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粗太阳敏感器是一种由多个光电池片配置组成的模拟式太阳敏感器,它结构简单、资源要求少,在皮卫星平台应用较为广泛。光电池光伏输出特性是粗太阳敏感器测量的基础,使用余弦关系近似等效会引入很大的误差。通过实际测试和深入分析,建立了更高精度的粗太阳敏感器输出特性等效数值模型,并以此为基础,推导了卫星姿态估计及粗太阳敏感器标定的联合在轨实时算法。算法采用多级耦合结构,由1个扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)和6个卡尔曼滤波器组成,同时估计卫星姿态、卫星角速度以及卫星6个面共30个标定参数。仿真表明,和常规的EKF姿态估计算法相比,联合算法的运算量只增加了一半,而估计精度却提高了一个量级。 相似文献
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采用微小卫星姿态运动学、动力学方程,以磁强计/太阳敏感器为姿态敏感器进行姿态确定,研究了一种基于融合反馈的改进联邦滤波算法,提出了一种基于观测新息修改的信息分配原则。给出了由四元数描述卫星姿态的误差状态方程,并对观测矢量进行推导,获得了基于角速度的观测方程,丰富了观测模型。仿真结果表明:基于角速度观测方程的引入,增强了观测信息的利用率,进而提高了姿态确定的精度,降低了计算量,保证了可靠性。 相似文献
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研究了一种星敏感器一陀螺组合定姿方式中的姿态敏感器误差的实时在轨标定方法。首先,选择直观的欧拉角作为姿态描述参数,根据星敏感器和陀螺的测量原理建立星敏感器一陀螺在轨标定的测量方程和状态方程,并以此建立数学模型。其次,采用简单高效的EKF(ExtendedKalmanFilter,扩展卡尔曼滤波)作为估值算法,进行了在轨标定数值仿真。对于航天器姿态定向中出现的姿态角和星敏感器安装角之间的耦合问题,通过在特定姿态通道上施加简单姿态机动实现了解耦。数值结果表明,该实时在轨标定方法,尤其是所提出的姿态角和星敏感器安装角解耦策略,可以实现对航天器姿态的实时精确估计以及对星敏感器安装误差、陀螺常值漂移和相关漂移等误差的实时在轨标定。该方法可用于航天器姿态测量设备的实时在轨标定和航天器姿态的高精度实时确定。 相似文献
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On-orbit real-time magnetometer bias determination for micro-satellites without attitude information
《中国航空学报》2015,(5)
Due to the disadvantages such as complex calculation, low accuracy of estimation, and being non real time in present methods, a new real-time algorithm is developed for on-orbit magnetometer bias determination of micro-satellites without attitude knowledge in this paper. This method uses the differential value approach. It avoids the impact of quartic nature and uses the iterative method to satisfy real-time applications. Simulation results indicate that the new real-time algorithm is more accurate compared with other methods, which are also tested by an experiment system using real noise data. With the new real-time algorithm, a magnetometer calibration can be taken on-orbit and will reduce the demand for computing power effectively. 相似文献
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三轴磁力计的测量精度会受到自身和环境的影响,因此在使用前必须要进行标定。传统标定方法需要特定的精密仪器和标定环境,或是对计算量和采集数据的方式有较高的要求,针对这些问题,提出了基于航向匹配的磁力计外场无依托标定算法。该算法无需特定精密仪器、对数据采集和计算量的要求也较低,且可以在现场实现有效动态标定。该算法基于航向角是磁航向角与磁偏角代数和的原理,通过等价数学变换构建了磁力计零偏关于姿态角与磁力计测量值的线性模型,最终采用最小二乘法对磁力计的零偏进行估计。该算法可以估计三轴磁力计的零偏,对磁力计的测量结果有较好的补偿作用。实验结果表明,该算法可有效标定三轴磁力计,减小其测量误差。经标定的磁力计可以应用于地磁匹配导航,辅助惯性导航修正其位置误差,尤其是在长直路段内,磁力计标定过程中识别出的磁异常数据可以为地磁匹配导航提供基础信息。 相似文献
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针对近地低轨三轴稳定卫星在轨管理后期,除磁强计外其他姿态敏感器都无效情况下的姿态异常问题,分析了三轴稳定卫星失去姿态基准后,星体自旋状态下三轴磁强计测量数据的特点,提出了使用磁强计测量数据的矢量信息,以找到能够获取卫星状态的方法,从而建立了磁强计测量矢量与卫星自旋轴的几何关系,给出了处于自旋状态下的卫星自旋轴确定方法。通过此种辨识方法,获得了某气象卫星姿态异常翻转状态下的自旋矢量方向和自旋角速度,从而证明了该辨识方法快速、有效,可以作为姿态异常卫星自旋状态的辨识手段,为恢复卫星姿态提供了重要信息,具有一定的工程应用价值。 相似文献
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Current technology has evolved low cost, highly reliable solid state vector magnetometers with excellent angular resolution. This paper discusses the role of a three-axis magnetometer as a new instrument for aircraft attitude determination. Using flight data acquired by an instrumented aircraft, attitude is calculated using the Earth's magnetic field vector and compared to measured attitudes. The magnetic field alone is not adequate to resolve all attitude variations and the need for a second reference angle or vector is discussed. A system combining the functions of heading determination and attitude measurement is presented to show that both functions can be implemented with essentially the same component count required to measure heading alone. lt is concluded that with the correlation achieved in calculated and measured attitude there is a potential application of vector magnetometry in attitude measurement systems. 相似文献
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In order to determine an appropriate attitude of three-axis stabilized communication satellites, this paper describes a novel attitude determination method using direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of a ground signal source. It differs from optical measurement, magnetic field measurement, inertial measurement, and global positioning system (GPS) attitude determination. The proposed method is characterized by taking the ground signal source as the attitude reference and acquiring attitude information from DOA estimation. Firstly, an attitude measurement equation with DOA estimation is derived in detail. Then, the error of the measurement equation is analyzed. Finally, an attitude determination algorithm is presented using a dynamic model, the attitude measurement equation, and measurement errors. A developing low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite which tests mobile communication technology with smart antennas can be stabilized in three axes by corporately using a magnetometer, reaction wheels, and three-axis magnetorquer rods. Based on the communication satellite, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. The method could be a backup of attitude determination to prevent a system failure on the satellite. Its precision depends on the number of snapshots and the input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with DOA estimation. 相似文献