Accuracy Limitations of Hyperbolic Multilateration Systems

A recently developed procedure [1] for assessing the accuracy of hyperbolic multilateration systems makes it easy to determine basic limitations on accuracy. This paper illustrates how such bounds can be derived. The results include bounds for a variety of geometries that are representative of practical ground-based and satellite-based hyperbolic systems. The results are applicable whenever the ranging errors can be treated as uncorrelated zeromean random variables. In some cases the bounds quantify general knowledge (e. g., the directional dependence of errors). In other cases the bounds represent entirely new limitations (e. g., optimum accuracies for sector-restricted and cone-restricted transmitter/receiver configurations).     

Performance Bounds for Continuous-time Filters in the Presence of Modeling Errors

We are concerned with obtaining bounds on the performance of Kalman-type, linear, continuous-time filters susceptible to modeling errors. Limiting the discussion to stationary performance, we obtain bounds on the performance index, the mean square error of estimates for suboptimal and optimal (Kalman) filters. The bounds are expressed in terms of the model matrices and the range of errors of the matrices. The results are useful to a designer in comparing the performance of a suboptimal filter with that of the optimal filter when he has information on the range of modeling errors. The tightness of the bounds is shown by an application of the results in the estimation of the motion of an aircraft carrier at sea.     

Model Error and the Direction-Finder Problem

The error introduced into many direction-finder (DF) algorithms by the use of projections is discussed. Upper bounds for this error are calculated and formulas for calculating these bounds are extended to the case of nonconformal transformations.     

一类非线性系统的鲁棒控制

针对一类带不确定性的非线性系统,引入坐标变换,对变换后的系统设计了变结构鲁棒控制器,在一定界的限制下,可以达到对不确定性的抑制,不确定性的界不可知时,利用自适应技术进行在线估计;利用线性化方法,对系统的滑动模态进行设计,得到了稳定的滑动模态。     

具有无穷时滞的非线性Volterra反应扩散系统解的先验界

详细讨论了具有无穷时滞的非线性Volterra反应扩散系统解的先验界与吸引性,运用上下解方法和单调迭代方法,得到了在某些假定下当t→∞时解趋于先验界及在某些特殊情况下t→∞时解趋于正常数的充分条件。     

具有指定闭环极点的最优控制系统鲁棒稳定摄动界

对线性二次最优控制系统,给出了选择适当加权矩阵从而保证系统具有希望闭环极点的方法。加权矩阵可以通过与期望极点有关的变换阵来调节,使得系统具有希望的动态品质。针对这种闭环系统存在不确定扰动时,得出了保证系统稳定的不确定摄动界     

Bounds on the Probability of Error in Digitial Communications

A class of upper bounds and lower bounds on the probability of error in digital communications are derived. Several degrading factors like intersymbol interference, cochannel interference, inaccurate carrier synchronization, and incoherent detection can be considered in obtaining the bounds. Several examples are given and it is shown that many situations not considered so far can be put into the conceptual framework developed here.     

Bounds on Probability of Error in Decision Feedback Equalizers

Evaluation of the probability of error in decision feedback equalizers is difficult due to the presence of a hard limiter in the feedback path. This paper derives the upper and lower bounds on the probability of a single error and multiple error patterns. The bounds are fairly tight. The bounds can also be used to select proper tap gains of the equalizer.     

Accuracy of source localization using multipath delays

The depth and range of underwater source can be estimated from measurements of propagation delay differences along multiple propagation paths. The accuracy of depth and range estimation using the Cramer-Rao lower bound is studied. The formulas derived can be used in conjunction with a propagation medium (nonconstant velocity profile). Explicit formulas for the bounds are derived for the case of homogeneous medium (constant velocity profile). Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the behavior of these bounds     

Angle measurement in the presence of mainbeam interference

The problem of reducing interference impinging on an antenna array when the sources lie in the main beam is addressed. Adaptive antenna arrays are incorporated to form adapted sum and difference beams in which the interference signals are suppressed. Monopulse error curves are then obtained, providing the necessary distortion correction curves across the entire mainbeam tracking angle region. New Cramer-Rao (C-R) bounds on the angle estimation error are derived with generalized assumptions on the signal amplitude and phase. The bounds previously derived by others are valid under different conditions. With these generalized assumptions on the signal characteristics, a Monte Carlo simulation is performed, based on the estimation procedure presented, to determine the angle estimation error. These errors are compared with the C-R bounds. Good performance is shown for sufficient S/N₀ and angular separation between the target and the interference sources     

The effect of the clutter-to-noise ratio on Doppler filterperformance

The effect of the clutter-to-noise ratio on the performance of a Doppler filter is considered. Clutter is assumed to have a power level which is unknown and varies in range. The assessment of the performance of a Doppler filter is based on the gain of the filter, which is the normalized output signal-to-interference ratio improvement at a given Doppler. The gain is generally a complex function of the statistics of the clutter. New upper and lower bounds on the gain differential between the expected design point clutter-to-noise ratio and the actual clutter-to-noise ratio are found. These bounds are independent of the clutter covariance matrix and are only a function of the unknown clutter-to-noise ratio. The bounds are valid for both Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise and for arbitrary linear filters. The upper and lower bounds differ by the theoretical coherent integration gain, 10 logN dB, where N is the number of pulses. A tighter lower bound is found for the case when the filters are matched filters. A simple exact expression is found for matched filters assuming a Gaussian Markov clutter model as the clutter spectral width approaches zero. An easily implementable adaptive procedure is given which improves performance due to the unknown clutter-to-noise ratio. This work extends a previous result, valid for the Emerson filter, that shows the effect of clutter-to-noise ratio on performance in terms of an average quantity, the improvement factor     

Cochannel Interference in Partially Coherent Communication

Effects of cochannel interference and synchronization error of the carrier phase on the probability of error in binary communications are considered. Several bounds on the probability of error are proposed. The bounds are easy to compute and do not require complete statistical characterization of the errors. They turn out to be simple linear combinations of error probabilities with no cochannel interferences and no phase errors. Several illustrative examples are given which show that the bounds can be tight.     

高超声速飞行器飞行动力学特性不确定分析

 高超声速飞行器分析模型存在较大不确定性,其给出的动力学特性与真实值之间存在偏差,因此研究飞行动力学特性分析结果的可信度水平对控制系统设计具有重要意义。针对典型的乘波体构型高超声速飞行器,在建立气动/结构/推进相互耦合的动力学模型基础上,利用非概率区间来描述模型中的不确定参数,并将复特征根不确定范围求解问题转化为频率和阻尼比两个实数的不确定区间分别求解,给出了动力学模态特征根、频率及阻尼比的不确定边界。分别采用直接蒙特卡罗(DMC)模拟方法、基于泰勒展开的区间分析方法(TIAM)和基于多项式逼近的区间分析方法(CIAM)对高超声速飞行器飞行动力学不确定性进行了研究。结果表明:CIAM计算时间适中,且给出的边界更为准确、安全,适合在控制系统设计和验证过程中使用。     

Status of CR-like lower bounds for nonlinear filtering

The motivation and mechanics of utilizing Cramer-Rao (CR) -type lower bounds to gauge the performance of filters being evaluated in nonlinear estimation applications such as in sonar, sonobuoy, and radar target tracking are reviewed. The status of several similar alternative CR-type lower bounds that have been considered or used for this purpose and certain limitations and/or caveats associated with their use are offered. These results should be of interest to sonar, sonobuoy, and radar practitioners and Kalman-filtering or nonlinear-filtering theorists     

线性分组码不可检错误概率新的下限

线性分组码的不可检错误概率是评价自动请求重传(ARQ)系统的重要参数。不可检错误概率的计算涉及码的重量分布,而大部分码的重量分布还不知道,因此,研究不可检错误概率的限显得非常重要。本文得到了GF()上(n,k)线性分组码不可检错误概率的两个新的下限,在一定程度上,改进了Wolf等人的结果。由于新的限与码的重量结构无关,因此可以方便地估计任何线性分组码的不可检错误概率。     

Output voltage bounds of a three-phase boost rectifier

A general closed-form duty cycle control law is derived based on the linear combination of two sets of continuous duty cycle control laws. From this general solution one can generate infinitely many pulsewidth modulation (PWM) control strategies to achieve the same ideal performance. Then, from the resulting closed-form solution, a general explicit lower bound and a general explicit upper bound of the output dc voltage are derived. Besides the academic interests, these bounds are very useful practically as a convenient guideline for helping quickly design the three-phase boost rectifier. Finally, some illustrative examples are given and some experimental results provided for verifying the derived bounds     

Interval analysis of rotor dynamic response based on Chebyshev polynomials

Uncertainty is extensively involved in the rotor systems of rotating machinery, which may cause an unstable vibrational response. To take the uncertainty into consideration for the uncertain rotor-bearing system, an improved unified interval analysis method based on the Chebyshev expansion is established in this paper. Firstly, the Chebyshev Interval Method(CIM) to calculate not only the critical speeds but also the dynamic response of rotor with uncertain parameters is introduced. Then, the num...     

Weibull分布下任务时间可靠度的置信限研究

为解决高可靠度要求的产品系统可靠度的评定问题，针对产品系统的工作时间服从威布尔分布，采用Fiducial方法，提出了只凭工作时间的‘小子样、零失效’可靠性试验样本，求取任务时间可靠度各置信限的方法及公式。给出算例，计算和分析了不同试验样本下系统任务时间可靠度的置信限。结果表明利用数个‘长寿’的‘小子样、零失效’工作时间试验样本，可以获得高置信度下系统任务时间可靠度的大下限；单凭非‘长寿’情况下的‘小子样、零失效’试验样本，只能得到任务时间可靠度的最高限，如能补充辅助可靠性信息，就能得到系统任务时间可靠度的可用置信估计。     

Ambiguity properties of quadratic congruential coding

The ambiguity characteristics of multiple access frequency hop codes based on standard quadratic congruences are investigated in the light of results obtained for codes based on Costas arrays and extended quadratic congruences. While the autoambiguity properties are found to be very similar to those of Costa codes, i.e. nearly ideal, the cross-ambiguity properties of quadratic congruential codes are much better. These results are valid across the whole class of code sets considered, but they are obtained at some expense in the pulse compression characteristics of the codes. A uniform upper bound is placed on the entire cross-ambiguity function surface, and bounds are placed on the amplitude of spurious peaks in the autoambiguity function. These bounds depend on the time-bandwidth product and code length exclusively and lead naturally to a discussion of the design tradeoffs for these two parameters. Examples of typical autoambiguity and cross-ambiguity functions are given to illustrate the performance of quadratic congruential coding with respect to Costas coding     

Convergence bounds of an SMI/Gram-Schmidt canceler in colored noise

The performance of the sampled matrix inversion (SMI) adaptive algorithm in colored noise is investigated using the Gram-Schmidt (GS) canceler as an analysis tool. Lower and upper bounds of average convergence are derived, indicating that average convergence slows as the input time samples become correlated. When the input samples are uncorrelated, the fastest SMI algorithm convergence occurs. When the input samples are correlated then the convergence bounds depend on the number of channels N, the number of samples per channels K , and the eigenvalues associated with K×K correlation matrix of the samples in a given channel. This matrix is assumed identical for all channels