The mitigation, management, and survivability of asteroid/comet impact with Earth

The chances that Earth will collide with a significant near earth object (NEO) within the next century are very small, but such a collision is possible, would be catastrophic, and could happen at any time. Much discussion has been devoted to methods of diverting these objects away from Earth through the use of space technology. However, if these efforts are unsuccessful, we would need to implement effective strategies to survive the event, no matter how cataclysmic. To date, disaster management for various impact scenarios has not been addressed (except in novels and Hollywood films). An impact disaster may be many orders of magnitude greater than any disaster the human species has ever experienced. Initially, technology and experience gained in other large-scale disasters will most likely form the foundation of how these impact events will be managed and classified. Given the size and energy of the projectile, the estimated area of damage, and whether impact effects might be localized or global in nature, we can begin to build basic disaster response scenarios, anticipate public health concerns, and formulate questions in need of answers. Questions we must deal with include: what will be required technologically, sociologically, and medically to survive? What types of evacuation plans and warning systems might be required? Capabilities in need of further investigation include: technological protection strategies related to ‘impact winter’, expanded chemical hazard control methodologies, food storage and production, roles of national governments, and international cooperation. Whatever the magnitude and severity of the event, we must reflect on what we know, what capabilities we can apply, develop or adapt, and seriously investigate what might be done to manage it and survive.     

Analysis of DORIS range-rate residuals for TOPEX/Poseidon,Jason, Envisat and SPOT

Three currently operational radar altimeter satellites are equipped with the Doppler orbitography and radiopositioning integrated by satellite (DORIS) tracking system for precise orbit determination and two more are already foreseen. Any systematic errors in their computed orbits could possibly adversely affect scientific products used in climate change studies, such as sea level and ice sheet heights. DORIS residuals, which can be interpreted as a measure of orbit determination performance, often show systematic errors. We have therefore analyzed long time series of DORIS range-rate residuals in order to investigate possible systematic errors common to all DORIS analysis strategies and software packages, either on a satellite or on a station basis. In particular, the investigation has focused on global DORIS data of six satellites (TOPEX, Jason, Envisat and SPOT-2, -4 and -5) and station-specific data for Fairbanks, Easter Island and Syowa Base. Large measurement errors when crossing the South Atlantic Anomaly are easily detected in the DORIS residuals of Jason, while Envisat residuals show the most prominent evidence of multipath interference and the effect of a flight software update. Particularly, large errors were also found in low-elevation data.     

GJB 150/150A、GJB 4239和MIL-STD-810F/G的特性和相互关系分析

文章阐述了美国军用标准MIL-STD-810的演变过程及810系列标准各个阶段版本的性质特点,介绍了GJB 150与810C之间的关系,GJB 150A和GJB 4239与810F、810G之间的关系,以及GJB 150A与GJB 4239的关系,最后说明了GJB 4239、GJB 150A和810F/G标准存在的问题并提出了一些建议。