全源定位与导航的发展与建议

介绍了全源定位与导航项目(ASPN)与定位、导航与授时(PNT)体系之间关系,概述了ASP N项目的研究背景、目标、技术指标及发展历程等,继而分别重点阐述了全源定位与导航系统的各项关键技术、导航系统当前面临的5大挑战,最后结合我国全源定位与导航的发展现状,提出了4点建议.     

平台式惯导系统初始对准及导航的软件设计

方位锁定小转角对准法是近年来提出的一种新的平台式惯导系统初始对准法。除限于实验设备等因素外,还由于采用汇编语言编制惯导系统软件是一项极为繁琐的工作,需要花费大量的时间和精力;因此,在此之前,本方案和很多其它方案一样,所能做的仅仅是数学仿真。本文的目的就是通过对这种初始对准方法进行软件设计与研究,力求编制一     

Reflection-Free Electronic Positioning System

Many electronic positioning systems, such as hyperbolic navigation and terminal guidance, suffer large errors from reflection and diffraction of their transmitted waves. The hyperbolic system described herein is free of these errors. Utilizing a pair of frequency-swept transmitters, it discriminates against reflections by separating the direct and reflected received signals into distinct sets of beat-frequency components. It is concluded that the system can suppress multipath reflections and provide flight information particularly useful in a high-density environment.     

通用导航串口数据接收协议的研究与应用

针对目前各种导航系统在输出导航结果时,由于所采用的数据包封装方法不同,对每种导航系统必须编写不同的数据接收软件的现象。研究了一种通用的导航串口数据接收协议,能实现对不同导航系统的导航数据包进行自动识别和接收,从而实现了数据接收软件的统一。文中对协议的原理和实现作了深入的研究和详细的说明,同时举例说明协议的使用方法。最后利用该接收协议,设计了一款基于VC++6.0的通用导航显控软件,同时详细说明程序读取协议的流程。大量实际测试结果表明,该显控软件能正确接收导航数据,证明了协议的正确性和通用性。具有很大的推广价值。     

Carrier-wave interference to Loran-C: a statistical evaluation

Loran-C is a pulsed, hyperbolic radio aid for long-range marine, air, and land navigation. The worldwide expansion of Loran-C, especially in Europe, has focused attention on carrier-wave interference to the system. The effects of a multiplicity of carrier-wave interferers (CWIs) on receiver timing measurement accuracy are considered. Both the phase tracking and the cycle-selection performance of receivers are quantified in terms of the probabilities that they will operate correctly within the arbitrarily set error limits. Characteristic functions (CFs) are used to compute these probabilities. Analyses and results are presented for typical situations. The relative sensitivity of the phase tracking and cycle-selection functions to interfering signals are discussed     

Prototype personal navigation system

Honeywell Laboratories recently funded the development of a prototype personal navigation system based on MEMS technologies. The system components include a MEMS inertial measurement unit, a three-axis magnetometer, a barometric pressure sensor, and a SAASM GPS receiver. The system also uses Honeywell's human motion-based pedometry algorithm. The navigation process is based on a strap-down inertial navigator aided by feedback from a Kalman filter using typical measurements from the GPS, magnetometer and barometer when available. A key innovation is the addition of an independent measurement of distance traveled based on the use of a human motion algorithm. The navigation system combines the best features of dead reckoning and inertial navigation, resulting in positioning performance exceeding that achieved with either method alone. Subsequent to the Honeywell effort, DARPA funded an individual Personal Inertial Navigation System (iPINS) seedling program. Honeywell worked to improve the baseline personal navigation system with the objective of demonstrating the feasibility of reliably achieving navigation accuracy < 1 % of distance traveled in GPS-denied scenarios. In addition, an analysis was conducted to determine the benefit of incorporating terrain correlation into the personal navigation system. The results of this analysis indicate that overall navigation accuracy can be significantly improved through the application of terrain correlation. This presents an are presented. In addition, conclusions from the terrain correlation analysis conducted under the iPINS seedling program are included.     

Omega Lane Ambiguity Resolution Using Methods of Statistical Decision Theory

Lane ambiguity is an inherent problem of navigation systems using phase measurements. A lane ambiguity resolution technique combining methods of hyperbolic and range-range modes of navigation has been developed. The basis of this approach is that the ensemble of received phases at any location forms a unique set and therefore the lane resolution problem reduces to finding a position such that the expected set of phases (or the phase predicted for the position of the navigator) matches the received set. This method of lane resolution is not constrained by lane widths and using the phase data of 10.2, 13.6, and 11? kHz; lane resolution has been accomplished for distances of up to 120 nmi. This method of lane resolution requires phase data from at least four stations at any frequency and is very sensitive to uncompensated propagation phase shifts.     

水下重力辅助惯性导航关键技术研究及实现

重力辅助惯性导航已渐成水下导航领域的研究热点,其实现是一项复杂的工程,涉及多项的关键技术.文章首先介绍了重力辅助导航的基本原理;之后详细阐述了在真实海洋环境下,重力辅助导航所需解决的若干关键技术问题,并给出了相应的研究成果;最后总结了我国水下重力辅助导航的发展趋势及研究的若干建议.     

某型飞机程序模拟飞行研究

在介绍了某型飞机综合操纵方式的基础上,结合该收音机倾斜角的控制规律及航向与倾斜角的关系简化式,详细给出了程序模拟航向的实现过程和数学模型。通过采集该收音机程序模拟飞行的数据,其飞行轨迹表明所给出的数学模型能够实现飞机对计划航路点的程序模拟飞行,该结论对研制导航软件具有重要的参考价值。     

XDF-196电子飞行仪表系统

电子飞行仪表系统是K8飞机的主导航设备,它将来自机载传感器的各种信息综合处理,进行导航计算,并产生各种导航方式下的显示画面和字符,在多功能显示器上进行显示,完成导航训练所有飞行科目。     

Hybrid Simulation System Study of SINS/CNS Integrated Navigation

In flight tests, to demonstrate the performance of integrated navigation systems, which are strapdown inertial navigation systems/celestial navigation systems (SINS/CNS), will involve a lot of effort and a heavy financial budget. So, it is important to design a functional self-contained hardware in a loop simulation system on the ground for solving the verification of SINS/CNS integrated navigation systems. Aiming at solving the main program, a high precision, versatile and better real-time performance hybrid simulation system of SINS/CNS integrated navigation is presented. The system adopts the design of hardware-functional modularization and software-flow integration, and makes use of a trajectory generator to produce simulated nominal trajectory data which is a uniform reference to signal process, and employs unique time synchronization algorithms to collect actual errors data of inertial sub-system and celestial sub-system. By combining with nominal trajectory data, the data smoothing, all-sky autonomous star map identification and integrated navigation algorithm based on unscented Kalman filtering (UKF), this system can accomplish a lot of system performance testing. It has the features of flexibility and extensibility and can be used to effectively reduce the experimental expense and shorten the development time of integrated navigation system, which is significant for studying algorithm performance, system speciality, and practical application of integrated navigation system.     

An overview of a Global Positioning System Mission Plannerimplemented on a personal computer

The Global Positioning System (GPS) Mission Planner (GMP) program, which has been implemented on an IBM PC, is described in terms of its features and architecture, and sample outputs are presented. The GMP was written to permit operational units to plan missions and to accomplish survivability and navigation assessments based on realistic trajectories, GPS almanac data, broadband jammer specifications, and digital terrain elevation data (DTED). GMP supports trajectory generation for generic air, land, or naval vehicles and has `sanity' checks for altitude acceleration, terrain slope, and velocity limits. A survivability measure is computed based on exposure time to various threat types. Yuma-type almanac data are used to support the GMP to define GPS satellite orbits. Jammers, threats, and trajectory wavepoints may be defined by either keyboard entry (e.g. longitude, latitude, and altitude) or via mouse and cursor on a displayed pseudo-color DTED map on the PC monitor. Satellite visibility and best dilution-of-precision (DOP) are computed using DTED. jammer visibility and power levels at the vehicle are similarly computed. A realistic body masking and antenna gain model is used to compute carrier-to-noise densities for each visible satellite. A navigation assessment program emulates a multichannel receiver to generate position and velocity measurement uncertainties. An integrated Kalman filter generates position and velocity navigation estimates. Results are graphically displayed to the operator     

单轴旋转惯导系统多位置对准技术研究

单轴旋转惯导系统很容易实现多位置对准,在初始对准中通过改变姿态矩阵,可以提高惯导系统的可观测度,从而提高初始对准的精度.推导了单轴旋转惯导系统的误差方程,在分段线性定常系统理论的基础上,利用奇异值分解的方法,对多位置对准时系统各状态变量的可观测度进行了分析.分析了旋转轴不正交误差对初始对准精度的影响,结果表明旋转轴不正交误差严重影响对准精度,需要对旋转轴不正交误差进行标定和补偿.提出了一种旋转轴不正交误差的标定方案,并对该方案进行了仿真分析,验证了该方案的可行性.     

欧美月球GNSS规划现状分析综述

月球是地球最重要的天然卫星,当前国际上正在迎来新一轮月球探索高潮,数十个机构和商业团队正在规划月球探索任务,并设想在未来实现航天员长期驻月,围绕月球的“太空竞赛”刚刚开始。月球GNSS（基于现有的地球GNSS以及新的环月卫星通信导航基础设施的月球卫星通信导航定位技术）是空间基准科研的基础,能够提供航天器着陆定位以及月面（及其覆盖空间）定位、导航与授时等服务,同时可以将月球作为试验场,将导航工具包扩展到更远的目的地（如火星）。对欧美近期发布的月球GNSS规划进行了整理归纳,其中包括美国月球GNSS接收机实验（LuGRE）计划和欧洲月光（MoonLight）计划,以及美国中远期月球通信中继和导航系统（LCRNS）计划,这些计划可以为我国开展月球GNSS规划提供参考。     

一种长航时惯导定位误差评估的新方法

针对长航时惯导传统定位误差评估中存在的问题,提出了一种新的基于惯导误差传播函数拟合的定位误差评价新方法。基于长航时惯导系统定位误差传播模型的特点,采用三角函数建立了误差传播拟合函数,主要包含舒拉周期、地球周期和傅科周期,反映了惯导的长期误差特性。提出了惯导误差契合度的定义和计算方法,实现了对长航时惯导系统定位误差的量化评估。对两套精度大致相同的长航时惯导舰载实验数据进行了对比分析,结果表明新的评估方法能够给出更合理的定位性能优劣判断。最后,针对长航时自主导航需求提出了综合导航技术的改进建议。     

联合制导攻击武器六自由度系统仿真

重点分析了GPS/IN S复合制导系统及激光导引头的工作原理和建模方法,同时介绍了增程套件的原理,并设计了方案弹道。通过六自由度弹道仿真,比较了增加组件前后联合制导攻击武器的性能指标。研究结论对我国现有库存常规炸弹的制导化改进有一定的参考价值。     

无人机动态目标高精度定位方法研究

针对未来无人机对目标高精度定位的迫切需求,开展了无人机动态目标高精度定位方法研究,提出了动态目标高精度定位总体方案。方案将惯性/卫星组合导航系统和机载光电平台系统获取的载机信息和目标相对信息作为目标定位算法的输入量,合理分配目标定位过程中各项误差参数,实现无人机对目标的高精度定位。经仿真验证,目标定位精度和载机导航精度都达到了期望指标,表明了方案和算法的有效性。     

北斗／罗兰-C组合定位技术

“北斗一号”是我国的卫星导航系统,其有源定位模式使其很难得到广泛应用。为此,提出了一种北斗／罗兰-C组合定位方案以实现无源定位。该方案利用“北斗一号”两颗卫星和地面罗兰-C台站获得的距离差信息实现双曲线相交定位。仿真结果表明,该方案的精度可以满足一般定位要求,具有较强的实用性。     

Principles and Simulation of JTIDS Relative Navigation

The time-synchronous operation and high accuracy time-of arrival (TOA) measurement capability of Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS) terminals makes possible a high performance relative nagivaton (RELNAV) function through addition of only software in the terminal's computer program. The principles of operation, the basic observation equations, and the system architecture for both absolute (geographic) and relative navigation are described. Sequential passive ranging by means of the TOA measurements, in conjunction with appropriate source selection logic and a recursive (e. g., Kalman) filter mechanization are employed to determine the user's position, velocity, and time bias. The filter algorithms and error sources, the software functional flow, and some simulation results are presented.     

Real-Time Shipboard Orbit Determination Using Kalman Filtering Techniques

The real-time tracking and orbit determination program used on board the NASA tracking ship, the USNS Vanguard, is described in this paper. The computer program uses a variety of filtering algorithms, including an extended Kalman filter, to derive real-time orbit determinations (position-velocity state vectors) from shipboard tracking and navigation data. Results from Appolo missions are given to show that orbital parameters can be estimated quickly and accurately using these methods.