Electronic warfare. [A century of powered flight: 1903-2003]

Electronic warfare (EW) is a term that includes a number of different electronic technologies for intelligence gathering and/or interfering with enemy operations. Electronic intelligence (ELINT), or eavesdropping, has been going on since the invention of the telephone and telegraph. Electronic countermeasures (ECM) deprive an enemy of the electronic spectrum by creating interference (jamming) that obscures their information or generates false information (spoofing). Electronic counter countermeasures (ECCM) is an effort designed to mitigate and overcome enemy ECM operations. ECM objectives include: search for signals in frequency, azimuth, and elevation; detect and identify radar signals via characteristics; and establish signal importance; commence appropriate countermeasures. It is only recently that these technologies have traditionally been categorized as EW, and are also referred to as electronic combat (EC). This section will focus on EW as it relates only to aviation.     

EMI滤波器控制传导干扰实验与分析

应用理论分析和实验总结出来的关于共模和差模传导干扰信号的分布规律,分析电子设备电源线上存在的干扰信号的特点,试用不同网络结构的电磁干扰(EMI)滤波器来控制电子设备在在的传导干扰电平,使之符合有关电磁兼容性(EMC)标准规定的极限值为例,说明EMI滤波器设计和应用中碰到的某些实际问题,对指导用EMI滤波器来解决电子设备存在的电磁干扰和进行EMC试验很有实际意义。     

雷电感应对机上电子设备的危害和保护策略

感应雷击产生的电磁脉冲对飞机上电子设备的危害极大,通过对雷击产生原因的分析与探讨,深入研究感应雷击产生的电磁脉冲对机载电子设备的影响与危害,提出具有针对性的雷电防护的解决方案,消除雷电对机栽电子系统的影响,从而实现了雷电的综合防护。     

航电系统设备管理和控制技术研究

随着电子技术和计算机技术的不断发展，大容量固态电子存储器在航空机载设备和地面设备的数据交换中充当了主要的载体，由此给病毒传播和数据泄密提供了物理途径。还详细阐述了利用设备管理和控制技术防止病毒传播和数据泄密的软件实现方法。     

河南省网上支付业务存在的问题及对策

网上支付是电子商务活动的核心环节 ,也是开展电子商务的基础条件。指出了当前河南省网上支付业务发展中存在的主要问题 ,并对其成因进行了分析 ,最后就如何促进河南省网上支付业务健康、有序地发展提出了相应对策和建议。     

基于神经网络的电子线路故障诊断

分析了故障字典法在实际应用中存在的不足，提出将单位BP算法应用到电子线路的故障诊断中。对基于该方法的航空装备电子线路故障诊断进行了计算机仿真，并分析了网络参数的变化对训练结果的影响。仿真结果表明了该方法的合理性和有效性。     

移动电子商务的发展与支持技术研究

本文对移动电子商务中涉及的热点问题进行了论述；研究了移动电子商务的底层－－无线网络，介绍了蓝牙技术、通用分组无线业务和移动IP技术；阐明了无线应用协议WAP的原理和体系结构，针对移动设备的安全技术和移动电子商务的应用领域，讨论了移动电子商务的发展前景。     

Introduction [A century of powered flight:1903-2003]

The term Avionics is used loosely to identify that electronic equipment necessary to fly an aircraft. The term is nearly 50 years old with origins in military electronics. With the increasing dependence of aviation on electronics the amount of equipment that falls into this category has skyrocketed. This issue is intended to commemorate the Wright Brothers' Centennial of Powered Flight. It emphasizes aviation-related electrical/electronic advances for the years 1903 to 1953. The following paragraphs highlight some of the major topics discussed in this special issue.     

机载电子设备在海洋环境中的腐蚀分析

为了分析清楚机载电子设备部件在海洋气候环境中发生腐蚀现象的原因。对发生腐蚀的壳体、螺钉和连接器进行取样,对样品的正面及切片的横截面利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪和红外线光谱分析仪等技术手段进行分析。通过分析表明电子设备不仅遭受盐雾环境腐蚀,而且还有浸渍海水的现象。针对机载电子设备腐蚀分析的结果,结合工程设计经验,从机载电子设备结构设计、防护工艺两方面提出了具体的改进方法来避免或减少腐蚀现象的发生。     

基于灰色关联度的电子商务交易额影响因素分析

随着互联网的快速普及,电子商务迅速崛起。电子商务的快速发展不仅改变了传统行业的格局,也颠覆了人们的思想。借助灰色关联度对影响我国电子商务交易额的相关因素进行分析,并结合当前电子商务发展形势提出有效提升电子商务额的相关措施。     

Improvements in Advanced Electronic Navigation Systems

Advanced electronic navigation systems will be required for future merchant ship operations involving minimum crew manning. These systems will rely on some form of electronic chart, which will require continual and timely updating with the latest correction information. This paper describes a newly developed chart correction computer system capable of automatically updating electronic charts via satellite data transfers. The system can provide a direct computer data link between a shipboard computer and the Defense Mapping Agency's Automated Notice to Mariners System.     

Electronics for a Low-Cost Orbiting Vehicle

Efficient use of booster development programs by accommodation of secondary payloads, together with maximum utilization of off-theshelf equipment, developed and space proven on other programs, makes it possible to place scientific experiments into earth orbit at comparatively low cost. A low-cost vehicle designated the OV2-1, developed for the Office of Aerospace Research, is described in some detail, starting with mission requirements, and covering each electronic subsystem, the electronic checkout equipment, and testing.     

Radar ECCM: A European Approach

The radar designer must optimize parameters for performance in electronic countermeasures (ECM) and avoid any constraints which could be exploited by ECM. ECM/electronic counter-counter measures (ECCM) strategy must take into account electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) including enemy EMC. Electronic scanning improves search performance, but also reduces ECCM performance in other ways. While electronic scanning avoids some constraints, it imposes others, particularly in the frequency domain. It is argued that simple radars of good performance may be as cost effective in ECM as more complex systems. Some examples of recent developments are given.     

航天电磁继电器可靠性容差分析技术的研究

航天电磁继电器是在航天电子系统中完成信号传递、执行控制、系统配电等功能的主要电子元器件之一，其可靠性直接影响整个航天电子系统的可靠性。航天继电器可靠性设计技术是其产品可靠性工程的关键技术。本文分析了当前各领域可靠性研究现状及航天电磁继电器产品的可靠性现状与问题，提出并建立了基于正交试验表的电磁吸力可靠性容差分析数学模型、基于概率统计方法的机械反力可靠性容差分析数学模型及基于“应力-强度干涉法”的吸反力配合特性可靠性容差分析数学模型。以某型号航天电磁继电器为例，进行了可靠性容差分析与研究，给出了对航天电磁继电器可靠性设计具有指导作用的重要结论。     

热管散热模组在机载电子设备热设计中的应用

针对机载电子设备的高热流密度和关键器件的高功耗,采用相变传热的微热管散热技术,在保持原受限空间和模块安装方式的前提下,研制出不同结构形式的热管散热模组。其结果证明,在满足机载使用要求和工作条件下,热管散热模组能有效解决高功耗器件的散热问题,实现电子模块的控温和均温,突破了机载电子设备结构热设计的瓶颈。本文结合实例从微热管结构对传热性能的影响研究、热管散热模组研制、数值模拟等方面介绍热管散热模组在机载电子设备热设计中的应用,为微热管散热技术在机载电子产品领域的工程应用提供了重要的参考价值。     

Vehicular remote tolling services using EGNOS

Future Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) will significantly improve the performance of current navigation systems, providing new and enhanced capabilities. This will enable the implementation of innovative and advanced services and applications closer to the user's needs. In this framework, the road sector is one of the major potential markets for GNSS applications and, therefore, it is very promising for future EGNOS and GALILEO related applications. Satellite navigation receivers are now commonly installed in cars as a key tool for proving new services to people on the move such as electronic charging, real-time traffic information, emergency calls, route guidance, fleet management, or advance driving assistance systems. Specifically, a very important commercial opportunity is represented by the tolling-related applications. This paper describes the Vehicular Remote Tolling (VeRT) Project sponsored by Galileo Joint Undertaking (GJU) and performed in the frame of the first GJU Call under the EC VI Framework Programme. The overall design of the service provision architecture is also presented in this paper, together with the main topics related to the following activities focused on the service prototype demonstrator development.     

先进战斗机电子设备舱冷却系统优化方法研究

大功率电子设备的应用,使得以F-22为代表的先进战斗机电子设备舱的冷却系统面临高热负荷和大热流密度问题。针对先进战斗机的电子设备舱冷却系统的设计优化问题,分析比较了传统设计优化方法与多学科设计优化方法的结构体系及特点。其中传统设计优化方法选用整体优化方法和串行优化方法,多学科设计优化方法选用协同优化和并行子空间优化两种典型方法。通过MATLAB软件及ISIGHT软件平台,对上述优化方法进行仿真,分析仿真结果表明,多学科设计优化方法在解决多变量复杂系统的优化设计问题时,有相对计算量小的优越性。     

基于AT89S52的软件凸轮机构的研究

软件凸轮通过对产生凸轮轮廓的软件控制步进电机实现机械凸轮的功能,根据类速度的概念,建立了软件凸轮通电脉冲频率与凸轮机构从动件运动规律之间的数学模型。使用AT89S52单片机控制步进电机运动,从而实现了在不改变硬件系统的条件下,通过改变AT89S52单片机应用程序实现从动件不同的运动规律,即软件凸轮。提出了将类速度的概念应用于建立凸轮从动件运动规律的数学模型的新设想,其可行性已被初步的试验证实。     

Effects of telecommunication media upon information sharing andteam performance: some theoretical and empirical observations

Theoretical concepts related to decision-making, group dynamics, and communication processes are reviewed. A psychological distancing model of electronic media is described. Issues related to the role of electronic media in networking decision-makers are highlighted. Several laboratory studies that show some of the effects video, audio, and computer teleconferencing can have upon group interaction patterns and productivity are described. It is found that increasing communication richness does not guarantee improved group performance. Task demands as well as individual difference factors can affect the way groups use available media. It is concluded that existing theory is not yet sophisticated enough to account for all of the results observed. A more comprehensive theory of communication processes is needed that specifically addresses group-to-group interaction processes