300M超高强度钢在模拟积水环境中的腐蚀行为

 针对飞机结构部件在服役过程中存在的缝隙积水导致结构材料腐蚀的问题,通过研究腐蚀产物、形貌、失重、腐蚀速率、腐蚀损伤度以及积水溶液与暴露金属的面容比、pH值等的变化,探讨了300M超高强度钢在模拟积水环境中的腐蚀行为。结果表明,300M钢在模拟积水中的腐蚀是从点蚀开始,然后点蚀坑扩展合并,逐渐发展为全面腐蚀,其腐蚀失重和腐蚀损伤度随腐蚀时间的增加而增大,腐蚀损伤度则呈现出幂函数变化趋势;随腐蚀时间的延长,模拟积水环境中的pH值从初期的4.2升到5.2再下降到4.8～5.0,平均腐蚀速率也从0.289 g/(m²·h)线性减小到0.120 g/(m²·h);电化学交流阻抗结果表明随腐蚀时间的延长,容抗弧半径逐渐增大,说明腐蚀产物对基体起到一定的保护作用,这与腐蚀速率变化规律一致;另外,不同的面容比(腐蚀介质体积与300M钢暴露面积之比)对腐蚀过程的影响是:随面容比的增加,腐蚀失重与腐蚀速率均增大。     

显微组织对Al-Mg-Si合金断裂行为的影响

 <正> The hardness, tensile strength and fatigue properties of an Al-Mg-Si alloy were measured in this paper. The microstructures were observed using a transmission electron microscope. The tensile and fatigue fractures were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the microstructure affects the fracture behavior of the alloy markedly. The alloy exhibits dimpled fracture in UA and OA conditions, and mixed fracture with dimples and intergranular rupture in PA condition. The fatigue cracks were developed with the features of the alloy in UA condition. The cracks were developed with the second stage mode and the striations could be seen on the surface of the fractures for the alloy in PA and OA conditions. But the intergranular fracture and facets could also be seen in the crack initiation area at these conditions.     

Effects of dry/wet ratio and pre-immersion on stress corrosion cracking of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy under wet-dry cyclic conditions

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior and mechanism of 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy under wet-dry cyclic conditions were investigated. Slow strain rate tests (SSRTs) and electrochemical tests were used to study the effects of dry/wet ratio (DWR) and pre-immersion on SCC. Fracture and side surface characterizations were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that SCC susceptibility decreases with an increase of the DWR. With an increase of the pre-immersion time, both continuous pre-immersion (CP) and wet-dry cyclic pre-immersion (WDP) samples are more sensitive to SCC, and the cracking mode in the SCC fracture region is intergranular. Furthermore, the effect of WDP on SCC is greater than that of CP when the total time immersed in solution before an SSRT is the same with each other. In fact, each single wet-dry cycle can be divided into three processes with respect to the change of solution on samples’ surface. Volatilization of water on the surface results in an increase in solute concentration, thus accelerating corrosion.     

新型超高强度钢应力腐蚀断裂行为研究

采用恒载荷拉伸应力腐蚀实验研究了23Co14Ni12Cr3及40CrNi2Si2MoVA两种超高强度钢在质量分数为3.5％的NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂行为,为两种超高强度钢在结构件中的安全使用提供数据依据.通过金相显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)对两种超高强度钢的显微组织以及断口形貌进行了分析.恒载荷拉伸应力腐蚀实验结果表...     

SCC evaluation of a 2297 Al-Li alloy rolled plate using the slow-strain rate technique

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of 2297 Al-Li alloy in 1 M NaCl + 0.01 M H₂O₂ solution (CP solution) and 1 M NaCl + 0.01 M H₂O₂ + 0.6 M Na₂SO₄ solution (CPS solution) was investigated by slow-strain rate tests at various strain rates ranging from 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ to 10⁻⁷ s⁻¹. The roles of H₂O₂ and SO₄²⁻ in the corrosion process were estimated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. 2297 Al-Li alloy does not fracture ascribed to SCC in CP solution, while it undergoes SCC in CPS solution. In CPS solution, with a decreasing strain rate from 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ to 10⁻⁷ s⁻¹, the SCC susceptibility firstly rises and then declines exhibiting a peak value at a strain rate of 10⁻⁶ s⁻¹. H₂O₂ promotes the active dissolution while SO₄²⁻ lowers the corrosion rate. The SCC fracture is associated with a decline in the dissolution rate of the crack tip by SO₄²⁻, which leads to stress concentration. In CPS solution, a reduction in the local dissolution rate of the crack tip leads to stress concentration, resulting in SCC fracture. As the preferred initiation site for a crack, pits also show a noteworthy effect on SCC of 2297 Al-Li alloy.     

低Cu含量Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金的T78双级时效

采用拉伸和加速腐蚀试验,分别测试了预时效（180℃）+再时效（190、200、210℃）对一种低Cu含量Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金拉伸性能和晶间腐蚀的影响,结果表明,延长预时效和再时效时间或提高再时效温度,合金强度逐渐降低,同时,腐蚀类型按晶间腐蚀→均匀腐蚀→坑蚀顺序演化。其中,经预时效（180℃/2~8 h）+再时效（200℃/6 h或210℃/2 h）处理,合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为380~395 MPa、360~380 MPa和12%~15%,腐蚀类型为均匀腐蚀,实现强度与耐蚀性的良好配合。透射电镜观察表明,随着双级时效程度的增加,合金强度的降低源于基体β"相的减少及β'相和Q'相的增加;晶间腐蚀倾向的降低与晶界Q相大间距、断续分布有关;坑蚀的形成则与结晶Q相吸收周围析出相、形成基体无析出区有关。     

海洋环境下机载电连接器腐蚀分析与失效机理

为分析海洋环境对机载航空电连接器的腐蚀情况的影响,将电连接器进行自然暴晒试验和实验室多应力加速试验,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)和光学显微镜等表征手段对试验件腐蚀程度、腐蚀区的微量元素定性定量分析。结果显示,电连接器的中间轴身和头部高应力接触区易发生腐蚀。电连接器主要的腐蚀方式有电应力腐蚀和电化学腐蚀。高温、高盐、高湿和高辐射的海洋环境加速了电连接器被腐蚀的过程。被腐蚀的电连接器局部镀层破损甚至脱落,基底材料暴露在外且被腐蚀和破坏,并形成大量的金属盐腐蚀产物,导致失效概率增加。出现失效的主要原因是电连接器的接触电阻增加、绝缘性能降低、电偶腐蚀、应力松弛和蠕变。     

预腐蚀和交替腐蚀作用下航空铝合金多轴疲劳行为及寿命预测

飞机在腐蚀环境下服役时,损伤形式为地面腐蚀与空中疲劳交替过程。依据该工况特点,研究了预腐蚀和交替腐蚀作用对2024-T4和7075-T651两种航空铝合金多轴疲劳行为的影响规律。结果表明：等效应力恒定时,随着预腐蚀时间增加,试样表面蚀坑数量和密度增加,腐蚀影响权重增大,2种铝合金多轴疲劳寿命均降低;交替腐蚀-多轴疲劳试验中,单位加载周次恒定时,单位腐蚀时间增加导致多轴疲劳寿命下降,试验过程中随着交替级数的增加,试样表面腐蚀程度加剧;基于Miner模型和预腐蚀疲劳寿命数据,提出修正的损伤累积模型,进行交替腐蚀-多轴疲劳寿命预测,寿命预测值基本位于2倍分散带内。     

基于图像处理技术的铝合金腐蚀分形特征

通过基于二值图像处理技术对LY12CZ铝合金表面腐蚀图像进行特征提取,获取不同腐蚀时间下的蚀孔数目;基于统计分形模型的基础上,发现铝合金蚀孔分布具有统计意义上的分形特征;随着腐蚀时间的增加,分维数与失重率也随之增加,分维数随腐蚀时间的变化规律与失重率随腐蚀时间的变化规律基本一致,都符合幂函数的形式,故可采用分维数作为评...     

Understanding stress corrosion cracking behavior of 7085-T7651 aluminum alloy in polluted atmosphere

The electrochemical and Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) behaviors of 7085-T7651 aluminum alloy in different environments are studied by electrochemical and mechanical testing. The research shows that the type, concentration of the corrosive medium and electrolyte state affect the electrochemical and SCC controlling processes of aluminum alloys. The Thin Electrolyte Layer (TEL) state and the addition of HSO₃^– increase the corrosion rate and SCC susceptibility. The presence of HSO₃^– in a corrosive environment can significantly accelerate the corrosion rate and mechanical property degradation, and this effect increases with the increase of HSO₃^– concentration. Compared with the solution environment, the TEL environment will further aggravate corrosion and mechanical property degradation. With the increase of HSO₃^– concentration, the pH of the corrosive environment exhibits little change, while the SCC degradation is significantly promoted. This is attributed to the HSO₃^– induced buffer effect and film-assisted stress effect, yielding the overshadowing effect against solution pH.     

超长时效对7075合金性能的影响

利用洛氏硬度计、电子拉伸试验机、冲击试验机、扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）等设备对7075铝合金超长时间时效行为、力学性能、抗应力腐蚀性（SCR）及断口形貌进行了研究。结果表明,7075铝合金的硬度及强度都具有时效双峰特征。两个时效峰的硬度和强度相差不多,但对应第二峰时效的合金具有比较高的SCR性能。首次提出并运用“相变-Mg-H”复合理论解释了7075合金第二峰的高SCR性能现象。     

AZ91D镁合金表面复合镀层局部腐蚀现象解析及化学镀Ni-P-Cu的研究

采用SEM-EDX和光学显微镜等分析手段,研究了AZ91D镁合金化学镀Ni-P/电镀Cu/Ni/Cr复合镀层盐雾试验时局部严重腐蚀的原因.研究发现,AZ91D镁合金基体的孑L隙缺陷是由于其在化学镀和电镀过程中,缺陷处未能形成致密镀层而出现凹陷贯穿性的微孔所致.在此基础上,探讨了加入微量Cu的化学镀Ni-P工艺,Cu能显著细化镀层胞状组织尺寸,抑制表面胞状凸起;极化曲线和盐雾测试表明Cu微合金化的Ni-P镀层能明显改善Ni-P化学镀层的耐蚀性能.     

高强铝合金晶界偏析与氢致断裂机理的研究

提出了一个三元合金晶界偏析与沿晶断裂模型，并将该模型与准化学理论相结合，研究了高强铝合金Mg、H晶界偏析对沿晶断裂功的影响。结果表明，Mg、H偏析均使沿晶断裂功下降，且H比Mg脆化晶界严重。这与7075铝合金的应力腐蚀实验结果相一致。     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊表面冷喷涂层的结构与耐蚀性

采用冷喷涂技术在2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头上制备Al涂层,以提高搅拌摩擦焊接头耐蚀性。通过数字显微镜、扫描电镜、电化学工作站对Al涂层的结构及耐蚀性进行表征。结果表明:冷喷Al涂层质量良好,孔隙率仅为0.77%,涂层内部存在等轴晶、细化晶粒以及拉长晶粒,涂层界面以机械咬合为主,涂层/接头区界面质量明显优于涂层/母材区界面;电化学数据显示,涂层腐蚀敏感性较低,自腐蚀电位和腐蚀电流密度均低于热影响区,冷喷涂层降低了搅拌摩擦焊接头的腐蚀敏感性;晶间腐蚀实验表明,腐蚀6 h后,涂层最大腐蚀深度仅为热影响区最大腐蚀深度的50%,证明冷喷涂技术显著改善了搅拌摩擦焊接头的耐腐蚀性。     

预拉伸处理对2 A97薄板组织和性能的影响

通过室温拉伸、腐蚀试验、TEM等手段,研究人工时效前预拉伸处理对2A97铝锂合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明：在相同时效工艺下,经3%的预拉伸变形后,2A97合金的强度和耐蚀性能都有较大提高,其中抗拉强度提高了32 MPa,晶间腐蚀等级变为点蚀等级;预拉伸处理促进了时效过程中T1相在晶内的均匀弥散析出,降低了δ′相的含量,抑制了晶界平衡相的析出,从而改善了合金的强度和耐蚀性能。     

Effects of cerium salts on corrosion behaviors of Si–Zr hybrid sol–gel coatings

The present work examines the effects of cerium salts on corrosion behaviors of Si–Zr hybrid sol–gel coatings. The Si–Zr hybrid sol–gel coatings on a 2A12 aluminum substrate were prepared through hydrolysis and condensation of glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxy-silane(GTMS) and zirconium(IV) n-propoxide(TPOZ). Used as inhibitors for corrosion, three types of cerium salts(Ce(NO_3)_3, CeCl_3, and Ce(CH_3COO)_3) were doped into the sol–gel coatings. Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were employed to investigate the structures and morphologies of various coatings, and the corrosion resistances of the coatings were evaluated by electrochemical methods and neutral salt spray tests. Experimental results indicate that the addition of cerium salts can hinder the process of corrosion due to their self-healing abilities. Furthermore, the sol–gel coating doped with Ce(CH_3COO)_3 has the best corrosion resistance because of the promotions of hydrolysis and condensation provided by CH_3COO.     

航空用铝合金超微结构实验表征

为了使铝合金更好的服役于航空领域,就有必要对其微观结构进行实验表征,从而可以在铝合金微观结构和宏观性能之间搭建桥梁,最终优化铝合金的综合性能。本文介绍了航空用2xxx,6xxx和7xxx系铝合金发展历程以及时效析出过程中的微观结构演变,如Al-Cu合金GP区、Al-Cu-Mg合金GPB区等重要物相的结构特征,以及AlCu-Mg合金S相析出行为等都已得到了透彻的研究;阐述了透射电镜、扫描透射电镜、三维原子探针等技术的结合在Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金Ω相、Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金β″相的晶体结构及界面结构以及铝合金晶间腐蚀机理等研究上的应用;本小组实现了复杂选区电子衍射谱的快速模拟及标定,并基于会聚束电子衍射实现了对析出相体积分数的精确测量;最后指出,高分辨透射电镜原位加热研究及透射电镜原位力学测试等新技术手段的应用,对深层次研究铝合金相变规律、变形行为具有跨时代意义。     

Corrosion Properties of Light-weight and High-strength 2195 Al-Li Alloy

The intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion of 2195 Al-Li alloy treated by multi-step heating-rate controlled aging (MSRC) are studied. The corrosion features of 2195 Al-Li alloys which are respectively treated by high-temperature nucleation MSRC (H-M) and low-temperature nucleation MSRC (L-M) are contrasted. And the corrosion mechanism of 2195 Al-Li alloy is also discussed from the viewpoint of microstructure (types, distribution, etc.) of the strengthening phase. The results show that 2195 Al-Li alloy after H-M is more susceptible to intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion than that of alloy after L-M. The degree of intergranular corrosion increases with the increase of predeformation amount and the surface parallel to the rolling direction is more prone to exfoliation corrosion. The main reason of intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion is the for-mation of corrosion galvanic couples among T1 phase, ?θ’ phase and grain boundary precipitate-free zones (PFZ).     

温度对铝合金材料疲劳短裂纹萌生行为影响的研究

利用扫描电镜（SEM）原位规测技术,研究了高温下铝合金试件在循环应力作用下的疲劳短裂纹萌生行为,结果表明,温度对于短裂纹行为具有强烈的影响。基于局部应变法,文中提出了一种预测温度作用下的铝合金疲劳裂纹短萌生寿命的评估公式。     

Fe含量对2219铝合金锻件焊接组织与性能的影响

为研究杂质Fe元素对2219铝合金及其焊接接头的组织、性能以及电化学腐蚀性能等的影响,采用力学拉伸、焊接试验以及金相和扫描电镜等分析测试方法,对0.15%(w)至0.01%(w)等不同Fe元素含量的2219铝合金锻件进行实验研究和分析。研究表明:2219铝合金中经热变形加工存在网络状Al_2Cu变成颗粒状和纤维状的Al_7Cu_2(Fe,Mn)相,随着Fe含量由0.15%(w)降低至0.01%(w),合金固溶时效后的Al_7Cu_2(Fe,Mn)相显著减少,锻件强度和塑性显著提高;合金焊接接头断口由脆性断裂逐渐转变为韧窝尺寸细小的韧性断裂,尤其对于延伸率,提高至近1.4倍,强度和塑性显著提高;合金的自腐蚀电流逐渐减小,单位面积上的线性极化电阻增大,合金焊接接头的耐腐蚀性能显著提高。