储能飞轮用大功率高速永磁同步电机电磁设计

储能飞轮用高速电机的工作状态包括电动机、发电机及空载三种。提高储能飞轮的能量转换效率、降低电机在各种运行状态的损耗成为其电磁设计的主要任务。从工程应用的角度,对储能飞轮用大功率高速永磁同步电机的绕组损耗、铁心损耗及涡流损耗进行了分析,重点分析了定转子间隙对转子构件涡流损耗的影响,同时提出了一种阶梯式转子永磁体结构,可满足永磁同步电机(PMSM)对空载反电动势的低谐波要求,并提出了转子护套材料的选取原则。最后通过一个算例介绍了电机的设计分析及性能参数的计算。     

一种混合励磁同步发电机的气隙磁密分析及其电压谐波抑制

为改善混合励磁同步发电机的气隙磁密分布,采用三段式气隙长度对转子进行了优化,对比了优化前后的气隙磁密。为抑制电压谐波,在完成转子结构优化的基础上,进一步采用短距、分布电枢绕组以及定子斜槽等措施。最后对样机电压波形进行了实测和质量分析,结果表明:采用三段式气隙长度与定子斜槽相结合,可将电压波形的总谐波失真(THD)抑制在5%的范围内。此外,探讨了偏心距法在切向/径向混合励磁电机中应用的可行性,并对比了分别采用偏心距法和三段式气隙长度法时的气隙磁密。     

10 kW超高速永磁电机三维瞬态温度场计算

为了考察电机在装配螺旋槽水冷套时对转子的冷却效果,针对1台功率10 kW、额定转速90 000 r/min的超高速永磁电机,采用有限元方法对电机三维温度场进行了研究,考虑了定子铁损、定子铜损,转子铁损和转子风摩擦损耗的影响。结果表明:定转子小间隙内的空气对转子起到了类似“热密封”的作用,当转子损耗功率较大时,仅依靠螺旋槽水冷套并不能有效地冷却转子,还必需辅以定转子小间隙的强迫空气冷却,以进一步降低转子温度。研究结果为大功率高速永磁电机热设计提供了重要参考依据。     

基于反电动势法的双绕组永磁容错电机转子位置估计算法研究

针对双绕组永磁容错电机,在反电动势法基础上,提出一种改进的适用于容错电机的转子位置估计算法。利用每相绕组产生的磁链增量及单位反电动势来估算双绕组永磁容错电机转子的位置,通过锁相环技术进行误差补偿,对该方法中使用到的电机参数进行在线辨识,把辨识结果更新到转子位置估计算法中。通过该方法可以在双绕组永磁容错电机正常工作、单相故障或者多相故障容错的情况下,实现对转子位置以及转速的估计。通过MATLAB/Simulink进行仿真,验证转子位置估算方法的准确性和鲁棒性。     

分数槽集中绕组表贴式永磁同步电机转子损耗

针对损耗模型很难准确地计算转子损耗且三维有限元方法占用大量时间的问题,基于二维运动瞬态有限元法,研究了1台36槽42极单层分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机在恒转矩区和弱磁区以最大转矩运行时的转子损耗,并且研究了高速工况下永磁体轴向分段数量、槽口宽度以及气隙厚度对永磁体损耗的影响。研究发现,在整个转速区间永磁体损耗占转子总损耗的90%以上;转速低于1 500 r/min时,转子铁心磁滞损耗高于涡流损耗,高于1 500 r/min时涡流损耗明显高于磁滞损耗。永磁体分段能明显降低永磁体涡流损耗;负载工况下改变槽口宽度,永磁体涡流损耗几乎没有变化;增大气隙厚度虽然能降低永磁体损耗,但是效果并不明显;同时,更改槽口和气隙厚度会使电感发生变化,并进而影响电机的运行性能。     

Thermal–structure coupling analysis and multi-objective optimization of motor rotor in MSPMSM

With the high speed, the rotor of magnetically suspended permanent magnet synchronous motor(MSPMSM) suffers great thermal stress and mechanical stress resulting from the temperature rise problem caused by rotor losses, which leads to instability and inefficiency.In this paper, the mechanical–temperature field coupling analysis is conducted to analyze the relationship between the temperature field and structure, and multi-objective optimization of a rotor is performed to improve the design reliability and efficiency. Firstly, the temperature field is calculated by the 2 D finite element model of MSPMSM and the method of applying the 2 D temperature result to the 3 D finite element model of the motor rotor equivalently is proposed. Then the thermal–structure coupling analysis is processed through mathematic method and finite element method(FEM),in which the 3 D finite element model is established precisely in a way and approaches the practical operation state further. Moreover, the impact produced by the temperature and structure on the mechanical strength is analyzed in detail. Finally, the optimization mathematical model of the motor rotor is established with Sequential Quadratic Programming-NLPQL selected in the optimization scheme. Through optimization, the strength of the components in the motor rotor increases obviously and satisfies the design requirement, which to a great extend enhances the service life of the MSPMSM rotor.     

永磁同步电机转子初始位置角在线检测方法

针对现有永磁同步电机(PMSM)转子初始位置角辨识方法存在的缺点,研究PMSM数学模型,推导电机转子位置与电机绕组电感之间的数学关系。提出利用电机三相绕组静态电感值初步判断转子位置,并用变频器发送激励电压实现转子的极性判断,进而准确辨识出转子的初始位置角。检测过程中无需转子预定位,且电机转子处于机械锁定或自由停止状态下均可实现。试验结果证明所提方法检测精度高,能够满足PMSM矢量控制的需求,具有一定的推广应用价值。     

双定子磁悬浮开关磁阻电机直接转矩与直接悬浮力控制

研究一种双定子磁悬浮开关磁阻电机。该电机采用内-外双定子结构,内定子和外定子上分别设置悬浮力绕组和转矩绕组。在结合拓扑结构说明其运行原理的基础上,针对该电机同时存在转矩脉动和悬浮力脉动过大的问题,提出了直接转矩(DT)与直接悬浮力控制(DSFC)策略。比较了传统方波控制策略与所提控制策略下系统的转矩脉动、悬浮力脉动以及转子径向位移波动。仿真结果表明:DT/DSFC不仅能提高系统动态响应速度,而且有效抑制了转矩和悬浮力脉动,削弱了转子径向抖振,验证了所提控制策略的有效性与优越性。     

高温气体喷水冷却过程数值仿真研究

环控试验会排出大量的高温气体,高温气体可通过喷水冷却到合适的温度后排出室外,高温气体喷水冷却过程不仅包含了气、液两相耦合流动,而且存在水的蒸发相变.以国内某环控试验室高温气体喷水冷却系统为例,提出了一种基于欧拉-拉格朗日多相流模型的高温气体喷水冷却过程数值仿真方法,并在STAR-CCM+上进行了数值仿真研究,仿真结果表明方法对于高温气体喷水冷却过程数值仿真具有一定的参考意义.     

Dynamic thermal coupling modeling and analysis of wet electro-hydrostatic actuator

The electro-hydrostatic actuator(EHA) used in more electric aircraft(MEA) has been extensively studied due to its advantages of high reliability and high integration. However, this high integration results in a small heat dissipation area, leading to high-temperature problems. Generally,to reduce the temperature, a wet cooling method of using the pump leakage oil to cool the motor is adopted, which can also increase the difficulty of accurately predicting the system temperature in the early desi...     

Transient performance and intelligent combination control of a novel spray cooling loop system

Effective thermal control systems are essential for the reliable working of insulated gate bipolar transistors （IGBTs） in many applications. A novel spray cooling loop system with integrated sintered porous copper wick （SCLS-SPC） is proposed to meet the requirements of higher device level heat fluxes and the harsh environments in some applications such as hybrid, fuel cell vehicles and aerospace. Fuzzy logic and proportional-integral-derivative （PID） policies are applied to adjust the electronic temperature within a safe working range. To evaluate the thermal control effect, a mathematical model of a 4-node thermal network and pump are established for predicting the dynamics of the SCLS-SPC. Moreover, the transient response of the 4 nodes and vapor mass flowrate under no control, PID and Fuzzy-PID are numerically investigated and discussed in detail.     

Laser diagnostics of the centrifugal nozzle spray cone structure

A method for determining the three-dimensional distribution of droplet concentration in the centrifugal nozzle spray cone is proposed; the method is based on measuring the spectral transmission coefficient in laser scanning of the spray cone. The results of studying the spray cone structure depending on the pressure differential and the distance from the nozzle exit are presented. Original Russian Text ? V.A. Arkhipov, A.P. Berezikov, A.S. Zhukov, I.R. Akhmadeev, S.S. Bondarchuk, 2009, published in Izvestiya VUZ. Aviatsionnaya Tekhnika, 2009, No. 1, pp. 75–77.     

一种空心杯直流测速发电机的设计分析与方案改进

空心杯绕组是空心杯直流测速发电机的核心组件,由于原样机绕组匝数多、线径细,现有绕线设备无法进行绕制,为了从工艺上实现绕线设备的利用,加速研制进度,在保证空心杯直流测速发电机输出特性不变的前提下,通过建立二维场路耦合有限元模型,对原方案进行结构尺寸和绕组参数改进,计算并比较了原方案和改进方案的磁场分布、输出电压和输出斜率、峰峰值纹波系数,分析了电刷安装偏移的影响,通过对输出特性进行测试,证明了有限元计算方法的正确性,改进方案的性能指标与原方案一致,满足设计指标的要求.     

Nonlinear characteristic investigation of magnetorheological damper-rotor system with local nonlinearity

Magnetorheological (MR) dampers show superior performance in reducing rotor vibration, but their high nonlinearity will cause nonsynchronous response, resulting in fatigue and instability of rotors. Herein, we are devoted to the investigation of the nonlinear characteristics of MR damper mounted on a flexible rotor. First, Reynolds equations with bilinear constitutive equations of MR fluid are employed to derive nonlinear oil film forces. Then, the Finite Element (FE) model of rotor system is developed, where the local nonlinear support forces produced by MR damper and its coupling effects with the rotor are considered. A hybrid numerical method is proposed to solve the nonlinear FE motion equations of the MR damper-rotor system. To validate the proposed model, a rotor test bench with two dual-coil MR dampers is constructed, upon which experimental studies on the dynamic characteristics of MR damper-rotor system are carried out. The effects of different system parameters, including rotational speed, excitation current and amount of unbalance, on nonlinear dynamic behaviors of MR damper-rotor system are evaluated. The results show that the system may appear chaos, jumping, and other complex nonlinear phenomena, and the level of the nonlinearity can be effectively alleviated by applying suitable excitation current and oil supply pressure.     

A 3D CFD simulation of oil spray-collection and delivery process in an aeroengine inter-shaft bearing

Under-race lubrication applied to the inter-shaft bearing of aeroengine is characterized by spray oil collection and oil delivery to the bearing via flow-path structure. Droplet splashing induced by the collision between spray oil and the scoop as well as oil flowing characteristics in the flow-path influence bearing lubrication efficiency. In previous investigations, the spray oil collection and oil delivery analysis were separated, and the effect of droplet splashing on bearing lubrication efficiency was not considered. Moreover, time-varying characteristics of oil delivered to the bearing were not accounted for. This is caused by time variations of the circumferential position of rollers and under-race feed holes. To overcome these limitations, a numerical model which integrates the spray oil collection and oil delivery analysis is proposed in this paper. The model is embedded with the function of calculating the flow rate of splashing droplets and analyzing time-varying characteristics of the oil fed to the bearing. Furthermore, the numerical model is validated by experimental investigation. The proposed numerical model facilitates the accurate calculation of bearing lubrication efficiency as well as the design of an efficient lubrication structure.     

基于基波电流观测器和旋转高频电压注入法的IPMSM无传感器控制

为了实现永磁同步电机低速段的高精度无传感器运行,系统地分析了绕组电阻和感应电动势、电流调节器、滤波器、电机暂态运行、注入高频电压的幅值与频率、多凸极效应、电流传感器精度以及A/D采样量化误差等因素对基于旋转高频电压注入法的低速无传感器控制方法转子位置估计精度的影响机理。在此基础上,提出了一种基于基波电流观测器和旋转高频电压注入法相结合的低速无传感器控制策略,消除了传统的无传感器控制方法中带通滤波器引起的转子位置估计误差,并降低了电机暂态运行引起的转子位置估计误差,有效地提高了低速无传感器控制方法的转子位置估计精度。仿真和实验结果表明,所提出的低速无传感器控制策略具有更高的转子位置估计精度和更宽的调速范围。     

A coupling VWM/CFD/CSD method for rotor airload prediction

A coupling fluid-structure method with a combination of viscous wake model(VWM),computational fluid dynamics(CFD) and comprehensive structural dynamics(CSD) modules is developed in this paper for rotor unsteady airload prediction. The hybrid VWM/CFD solver is employed to model the nonlinear aerodynamic phenomena and complicated rotor wake dynamics;the moderate deflection beam theory is implemented to predict the blade structural deformation; the loose coupling strategy based on the ‘delt method' is used to couple the fluid and structure solvers.Several cases of Helishape 7A rotor are performed first to investigate the effect of elastic deformation on airloads. Then, two challenging forward flight conditions of UH-60 A helicopter rotor are investigated, and the simulated results of wake geometry, chordwise pressure distribution and sectional normal force show excellent agreement with available test data; a comparison with traditional CFD/CSD method is also presented to illustrate the efficiency of the developed method.     

直升机旋翼对尾桨非定常气动载荷的影响

悬停和侧滑状态的直升机主旋翼桨尖涡将穿透尾桨桨尖平面,由此导致尾桨非定常气动载荷发生明显变化。为更准确地模拟由主旋翼/尾桨干扰产生的尾桨非定常气动载荷变化,通过在面元压力项中增加由旋翼桨尖涡诱导的时变项,体现旋翼桨尖涡速度和几何时变对桨叶非定常压力的影响,同时采用涡面镜像法修正涡粒子法的黏性项,确保桨叶附近区域旋翼涡量守恒,建立旋翼尾迹对尾桨叶的非定常气动干扰模型,并耦合面元/黏性涡粒子法,构建直升机主旋翼/尾桨干扰下的尾桨非定常气动载荷分析方法。通过计算AH-1G旋翼桨叶非定常气动载荷特性,并与实验测量值、计算流体力学(CFD)计算结果对比,验证本文非定常气动干扰模型的有效性。随后基于NASA ROBIN(Rotor Body Interaction)模型分析悬停、侧风和60°右侧滑状态主旋翼对尾桨非定常气动载荷的影响,分析表明主旋翼尾迹对尾桨非定常气动载荷影响显著。悬停状态的主旋翼/尾桨干扰导致尾桨拉力平均值下降、非定常气动载荷显著增加;左侧风状态,主旋翼/尾桨干扰削弱尾桨"涡环"程度,显著增加尾桨拉力和非定常气动载荷;60°右侧滑状态,主旋翼/尾桨干扰导致尾桨拉力损失最大,且在低速侧滑状态出现尾桨拉力"迅速恢复"现象,尾桨非定常气动载荷幅值迅速增加。     

Ground experimental investigations into an ejected spray cooling system for space closed-loop application

Spray cooling has proved its superior heat transfer performance in removing high heat flux for ground applications.However,the dissipation of vapor–liquid mixture from the heat surface and the closed-loop circulation of the coolant are two challenges in reduced or zero gravity space environments.In this paper,an ejected spray cooling system for space closed-loop application was proposed and the negative pressure in the ejected condenser chamber was applied to sucking the two-phase mixture from the spray chamber.Its ground experimental setup was built and experimental investigations on the smooth circle heat surface with a diameter of 5 mm were conducted with distilled water as the coolant spraying from a nozzle of 0.51 mm orifice diameter at the inlet temperatures of 69.2 °C and 78.2 °C under the conditions of heat flux ranging from 69.76 W/cm~2 to 311.45 W/cm~2,volume flow through the spray nozzle varying from 11.22 L/h to 15.76 L/h.Work performance of the spray nozzle and heat transfer performance of the spray cooling system were analyzed;results show that this ejected spray cooling system has a good heat transfer performance and provides valid foundation for space closed-loop application in the near future.     

涡轮复杂气冷叶盘结构变形分析模型简化方法

基于高压转子开展高压(HP)涡轮转子叶片叶尖变形分析可提高叶尖间隙的数值模拟精度,而高压涡轮转子叶片由于其复杂的气冷结构,有限元分析网格数量巨大;叶片和轮盘的榫接结构属于非线性分析,也需要足够的计算机时。针对该问题提出了一种复杂气冷叶片的简化方法和榫接结构接触计算简化方法,在不影响计算精度的前提下提高计算效率。采用该方法对典型结构高压涡轮转子进行了变形分析,与采用复杂气冷叶片模型和接触分析方法的变形分析结果进行比较。结果表明:涡轮叶片叶尖最大径向变形相对误差为0.47%,计算机时减少99%,证明简化方法和计算方法的有效性。