超声振动钻削装置设计与研究

为解决碳纤维复合材料和钛合金钻孔加工过程中钻头磨损严重、加工孔质量差等问题,研制了一款超声振动钻削装置.超声振动钻削装置的性能取决于声振系统设计的好坏.本文首先对声振系统的结构设计进行了理论探讨,然后采用ANSYS软件对其进行了模态分析和谐响应分析.在碳纤维复合材料和钛合金的初步钻削试验中,超声振动钻孔和普通钻孔相比轴向钻削力分别减少了48％和31％,结果表明所研制的超声振动钻削装置具有良好的钻削性能.     

超声电解复合加工振动系统动力学分析与试验

本文结合超声振动理论,采用ANSYS对变幅杆进行模态分析和谐响应分析,获得共振频率、位移节点和放大系数等重要参数;对超声振动系统中的变幅杆和工具头进行了分析,经试验验证了变幅杆的振幅放大系数及不同变幅杆对加工速度的影响;最后,通过超声复合加工试验,验证了超声电解复合加工的加工效率高、精度高、表面质量更好。超声振动系统是超声电解复合加工装备的关键组成部分,本文结合超声振动理论,采用ANSYS对变幅杆进行模态分析和谐响应分析,获得     

超声钻削加工工具更换问题的探讨

介绍了适用超声钻削加工的半波长振动系统结构、针对该振动系统,给出了工具更换后变幅杆与工具之间进行阻抗匹配的方法,依据各部分的边界条件,按一维问题,导出了加工中工具更换后的阻抗匹配数学模型,在超声钻削加工应用中具有一定的实用价值     

高低频复合振动钻削CFRP/钛合金叠层结构试验

针对碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）和钛合金叠层结构在传统钻削过程中切削温度高、加工质量差等问题,基于低频振动钻削和高频（超声）振动钻削的优势,提出了高低频复合振动钻削的加工方法。采用自主研制的高低频复合振动钻削装置,对CFRP/钛合金叠层结构进行了制孔试验,对比研究了普通钻削、超声钻削、低频振动钻削和高低频复合振动钻削4种方式下的切削力、钛合金切屑形貌、切削温度和CFRP孔加工质量。结果表明：4种加工方式中,高低频复合振动钻削的轴向力波动相对较大,切削温度显著降低,产生的钛合金切屑呈不连续扇形且整体尺寸最小,CFRP孔出入口及孔壁的损伤程度最低,显著提高了加工质量,为复合材料叠层结构一体化制孔加工提供了指导意义。     

八面钻超声振动钻削钛合金出口毛刺形成机理

钛合金在传统麻花钻常规钻孔后,会产生较大的孔出口毛刺,这将导致孔出口去毛刺困难且影响紧固件装配质量。本文引入一种八面钻新刃型刀具,并利用超声振动钻削技术,进行了八面钻超声振动钻削钛合金出口毛刺形成的基础理论和试验研究。理论分析了普通钻削和超声振动钻削的出口毛刺形成过程以及超声振动钻削的出口毛刺降低机理,同时试验验证了超声振动钻削的出口毛刺降低效果。结果表明:相比于钛合金普通钻削,超声振动钻削极大地提高了钻头刀具的切削能力,分别降低了钻削力16%~20%、切削温度18%~21%和出口毛刺高度82%~89%,有效降低了装配过程的去毛刺困难和生产成本。     

纵扭复合超声振动铣削薄板件稳定性研究

本文针对超声振动铣削加工薄板件过程中超高频率的切削-分离状态提出了一种改进的半离散法,并通过matlab进行叶瓣图的绘制,结合试验分析了各参数对加工过程稳定性的影响,研究发现纵扭复合超声振动铣削相较于传统铣削具有更好的系统稳定性,超声波激振频率、振幅和进给速度对稳定性有不同程度的影响。     

CFRP/钛合金叠层材料制孔技术的现状与展望

综述了近年来国内外对CFRP/钛合金叠层材料制孔技术的研究进展,重点介绍了传统方法钻削CFRP/钛合金叠层材料过程中轴向力和扭矩、钻削温度的测量方法,轴向力和扭矩的变化规律,以及刀具磨损、加工损伤与钻削工艺的关系;对螺旋铣孔、低频振动钻孔和超声辅助振动钻孔的实现方法、运动特点和加工质量进行了分析总结,并对CFRP/钛合金叠层材料制孔技术的应用和研究动向进行了探讨。     

4J29可伐合金超声振动辅助钻削试验研究

4J29可伐合金由于具有和奥氏体不锈钢相近的难切削特点,传统钻削制孔质量较差,为了研究4J29可伐合金制孔质量的影响因素,提高制孔质量,对4J29合金进行了不同加工参数下的普通钻削和超声振动辅助钻削试验并对钻削轴向力、孔径误差、孔壁粗糙度进行了测量。试验发现:4J29可伐合金在不同加工参数下(切削速度v=0.314～0.942m/s,进给速度f=10～30mm/min),超声振动辅助钻削可降低钻削轴向力,轴向力平均降低35.37N,降幅为18.45%;超声振动辅助钻削可提高制孔精度,孔径误差平均减小17.9μm,降幅为31.5%;超声振动辅助钻削可提高表面质量,对于轮廓算术平均偏差Ra,超声振动辅助钻削使其平均降低了0.4862μm,降幅为28.4%,微观不平度十点高度Rz平均降低了2.4940μm,降幅为20.0%。试验表明超声振动钻削4J29可伐合金比传统钻削加工更具优势,可获得质量更高的加工孔。     

小直径超深孔的振动钻削

基于低频轴向振动钻削理论和深孔振动钻削的工艺实践，在经过改造的深孔振动钻床上，成功地进行了材料为４２ＣｒＮｉＭｏ的Φ９．５×２２５５ｍｍ超深孔振动粘削，获得了优良的加工质量。     

难加工材料纵扭超声振动辅助铣削加工研究进展

纵扭复合超声振动辅助铣削（LTUVAM）是在刀具轴向与扭转方向上施加高频微幅振动的一种辅助铣削技术,具有降低切削力与切削热、提高工件表面质量、提高表面残余压应力、减少刀具磨损等诸多优点。本文围绕难加工材料的铣削加工进行了系统综述。在设备制造方面,阐述了纵扭复合超声振动系统的结构设计方法与工作原理;在工艺开发方面,从LTUVAM的切削刃运动轨迹及切削特性入手,分析各类材料的切削加工性能,并总结了LTUVAM的优势及应用。最后,本文对LTUVAM的未来发展趋势进行展望。     

Influence of longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic-assisted vibration on micro-hole drilling Ti-6Al-4V

As Ti-6Al-4V is a typical hard to machine material, especially in micro drilling aviation parts, chip breaking difficulty is of increasing interest to explore its further development. In this study, Longitudinal-Torsional Ultrasonic Assisted Drilling (LTUAD) was employed to machine Ti-6Al-4V, and its feasibility was evaluated by comparing with Conventional Drilling (CD). By combining periodical characteristics and vibration models (the separated or the unseparated ultrasonic elliptical vibration), the influence of ultrasonic frequency on the intersection characteristics of trajectories were analyzed. And the intersection characteristics were divided into four categories: even periodicity, odd periodicity, non-odd and even periodicity and composite periodicity, indicating different capability for chip breaking. By applying the longitudinal-torsional compound vibration horn, the micro-hole drilling experiment was carried out on machining center. The chip morphology, the thrust force, and the burr height were discussed. Experimental results showed that the morphology of chips presented as smaller and more fragmentary ones in LTUAD compared with continuous helical conical ones and fold-shaped ones in CD. Compared with CD, the average values of the thrust force in LTUAD reduced by 1.98% to 24.9%. According to the burr around the hole exit in both LTUAD and CD, the height of the latter was greatly affected by the drilling parameters. And the burr around the exit of the hole were distributed rather evenly with smaller extension in LTUAD. Consequently, the LTUAD employed in micro-hole drilling was effective.     

风扇叶片叶尖扭转特性试验研究

为研究风扇叶片叶尖扭转特性,基于叶尖定时技术,建立一种发动机运行状态动态测量叶片叶尖弹性变形角的试验方法,在压气机试车台对小涵道比双级风扇试验件一级转子叶片不同工况下叶尖扭转特性开展了试验研究。试验结果表明：叶尖弹性变形角表现为随着转速升高而变大及随着特性线向失稳区移动而变大的特点,在100%换算转速近喘点达到本次试验风扇稳定工作状态的最大值1.25°。可变进口导叶（VIGV）角度仅在喘振边界附近对叶尖弹性变形角影响较大。在90% 转速、VIGV角度为-5°喘点处,叶尖弹性变形角出现大幅振荡,经估算,1号叶片喘振前扭转振幅为0.18°,喘点处扭转振幅为1.05°,退喘后扭转振幅为0.11°,通过监测弹性变形角测量叶片振动具有可行性。     

振动环境下喷雾冷却的临界热流密度模型

针对振动环境对喷雾冷却临界热流密度(CHF)的影响问题,基于静止环境喷雾冷却CHF模型,定义并引入内切偏离因子,建立振动环境下喷雾冷却CHF点基模型,对比3种不同工作模式的影响。结果表明:工作模式1周期平均CHF相对其他两种模式分别提高0.98%和1.17%。该模式下,周期内CHF的变化呈现双峰结构,且后半周期最低热流密度高于前半周期最低热流密度,周期内最小CHF较最大CHF下降3.02%。振动幅度越大,CHF下降越大,1.0mm振幅相对0.2mm振幅条件下的周期平均CHF下降1.74%。分析喷雾锥角的影响,55.8°、90°全位角喷雾锥角相对30°喷雾锥角,平均CHF分别下降4.83%及16.21%。大锥角下,后半周期的峰谷值相较周期内最大CHF下降减小。喷雾锥角小的喷嘴能够减小表面振动对喷雾冷却临界热流密度的恶化。      

超声ELID 复合磨削磨削力模型研究

以ELID 电解原理为基础,结合超声振动辅助磨削过程中单颗磨粒的运动学分析,建立了超声 ELID 复合磨削条件下的磨削力数学解析模型,并对模型进行了分析和仿真。对模型的分析表明:超声振动改 变了磨粒的运动轨迹,使同等条件下的未变形切屑厚度减小,砂轮的在线电解修整使磨粒始终处于锋锐状态, 而且影响砂轮的实际切削深度,进而对磨削力产生影响。磨削力随着超声振动频率、振幅、电解电压、脉冲比、 电解液电阻率的增大而减小;随着切削深度、工件速度的增大而增大。     

碰摩双转子系统弯扭耦合振动分析与实验

针对航空发动机双转子系统,利用拉格朗日方程建立了含碰摩力的弯扭耦合动力学方程,采用龙格-库塔法进行数值计算,结合瀑布图、频谱图、分岔图、庞加莱截面图、幅频曲线分析了弯曲振动和扭转振动的频谱特征和分岔特性;利用增量式编码器对转子实验台进行了扭转振动测量,验证了数值计算得到的频率特征。研究结果表明:弯扭振动具有相似的特征频率,包括倍频、分数倍频、工作频率与倍频/分数倍频的组合频率,但扭转振动的特征频率更加明显;两者还具有相似的分岔过程和相同的分岔点,在每个分岔点处都存在幅值跳跃现象。      

Cutting force and specific energy for rotary ultrasonic drilling based on kinematics analysis of vibration effectiveness

Rotary ultrasonic drilling(RUD) has become an effective approach for machining advanced composites which are widely using in the field of aeronautics. The cutting kinematics and the corresponding material removal mechanisms are distinct in different drilling areas during RUD. However, these fundamentals have not been fully considered in the existing studies. In this research, two distinct forms of interaction induced by ultrasonic vibration were considered as impact-separation and vibratory lapp...     

斜槽对永磁同步电机径向激振力波及振动的影响

以1台16极96槽表贴式永磁同步电机(PMSM)为研究对象,对定子直槽和斜槽情况下的径向气隙磁密和径向电磁激振力波进行有限元分析。对直槽和斜槽的空载振动进行谐响应分析,相关试验验证了仿真分析的正确性。分析结果表明:空载振动频率与激振力波频率为对应关系,通过斜槽可以有效降低低阶激振力波幅值,尤其是槽数阶次力波,有效地降低电机振动。     

Stability analysis of robotic longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic milling

Currently, industrial robots are considered as an alternative towards traditional machine tools. Especially for the large-scale parts milling, robotic flexibility and low cost make it possess the irreplaceability. However, the milling chatter caused by its weak rigidity hampers robotic application and promotion severely in aviation industry. Rotary ultrasonic milling (RUM) technology with one-dimensional axial vibration has been proven and approved on avoiding robotic chatter. Based on this, the research of project team demonstrates that longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic milling (CUM-LT) involving separation characteristic has a greater advantage than RUM in terms of chatter suppression. Thereby, the CUM-LT as a new means is applied to avoid processing vibration of robotic milling system. And its influence mechanism on stability improvement of weak stiffness processing system is clarified. Meanwhile, the approaches to strengthen separation effect are provided innovatively. Moreover, a new analysis method of robotic CUM-LT (RCUM-LT) stability is proposed on the basis of ultrasonic function angles. The simulation and experimental results indicate that compared with robotic RUM (RRUM), stability regions of separated RCUM-LT (SRCUM-LT) and unseparated RCUM-LT (URCUM-LT) are improved by 124.42% and 39.20%, respectively. The addition of torsional ultrasonic energy has a wonderful effect on the milling chatter suppression of low stiffness robots.