Microstructure evolution of a hypereutectic Nb–Ti–Si–Cr–Al–Hf alloy processed by directional solidification

In this work, the Nb–14Si–24Ti–10Cr–2Al–2Hf–0.1Y alloy(at.%) was processed by the liquid–metal-cooled directional solidification(DS) at 1750 C with withdrawal rates of 1.2, 6,18 mm/min and post heat treatment(HT) at 1450 C for 10 h. The microstructures of the directionally solidified and heat treated samples were investigated. The results show that the microstructure of directionally solidified alloy mainly consists of petaloid Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics and Ti-rich Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics. With the increase of withdrawal rate, the primary Nb5Si3is eliminated, Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectic cells turn round and connected with the microstructure refinement and Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics turn to a river-like morphology. After heat treatment,Nbss+ Nb5Si3+ Cr2Nb eutectics disappeared and petaloid Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics turn to a specific fiber-mesh structure gradually, which is promoted by higher withdrawal rates. Furthermore,both the volume fraction of Cr2Nb and the content of Cr in Nbssof Nbss+ Nb5Si3eutectics change regularly with the increase of withdrawal rate and heat treatment at 1450 C for 10 h.     

Ultrasound assisted solidification process of ternary Cu–Sn–Sb alloy

It is well-known that the application of ultrasound during liquid to solid transitions for alloys can refine the solidification microstructure and thus improves the mechanical properties. How-ever, most published work focuses on single phase dendritic growth, whereas little has been con-ducted on the multiphase alloys with complicated phase transformations during solidification. In this work, the solidification process of ternary Cu40Sn45Sb15 alloy was realized within intensive ultra-sonic field with a resonant frequency of 20 kHz and ultrasound power from 0 W to 1000 W. The ultrasound refines the size of the primary e(Cu3Sn) intermetallic compound by two orders of mag-nitudes. If the ultrasound power increases to 1000 W, g(Cu6Sn5) phase nucleates and grows directly from parent liquid phase without the occurrence of peri-eutectic reaction on the top of the alloy sam-ple where the ultrasound intensity is sufficiently high. These microstructural variations lead to the enhancement of compressive strength and elasticity modulus of ternary Cu40Sn45Sb15 alloy.     

GJB 9001A–2001、KJB 9001–2006和HB 9100–2003的比较分析

简要介绍航空工业现场使用的质量管理体系标准GJB 9001A-2001、KJB 9001-2006、HB 9100-2003的基本架构,并针对上述3个标准在适用范围、主要内容、适用性和可操作性上的区别以及各标准主要特点的比较分析,给出建立具有中国特色的、单一的航空工业质量管理体系的技术建议。     

Al–Mg–Si合金电弧熔丝增材构件组织与性能

以复合超高频脉冲方波变极性钨极氩弧(HPVP–GTAW)为热源,Al–5Mg(ER5087)和Al–5Si(ER4043两种焊丝为填丝材料进行铝合金电弧熔丝增材制造,通过控制两焊丝的送丝速度获得不同主要合金元素Mg和Si含量的Al–Mg–Si合金薄壁构件,试验研究不同Mg/Si比及热处理对薄壁构件组织及性能的影响。结果表明:合金组织主要由柱状晶及少量等轴晶组成,呈非均匀分布。调节主要合金元素含量可实现对铝合金增材构件性能的控制,随着Mg/Si比的增加,增材构件的力学性能呈上升趋势,各向同性;经过固溶及人工时效热处理后,增材构件的力学性能得到显著提升,但塑性降低。     

FMC－35V5型5面加工机

ＦＭＣ－３５Ｖ５型５面加工机日本不二精制造所开发出集立式ＭＣ和卧式ＭＣ功能于一体的ＦＭＣ－３５Ｖ５型５面加工机．①主要特点独立的工作台可一次装卡进行５面加工，从而提高零件的加工精度；４５°倾斜的床身及旋转工作台的结构有利于被加工零件和托盘上的切属和冷...     

美国空军升级C-5

<正> 美国空军已经完成了对C-5M"超银河"的飞行评估,并计划让它担当美空军战略运输机队的主力,为此美国空军正在加快改装计划,最终将拥有52架C-5M飞机。今年早些时候,1架C-5在土耳其因吉尔利克空军基地起飞时遭遇4只鹳,1台发动机吸入了翼展大约有1.9米的1只鹳,     

农5B首飞

目前我国农林飞机仅有不足200架，但按各种需求算下来的最佳拥有量应在4500架左右。农5B飞机的首飞成功，不仅标志着农5飞机的系列化发展取得了新的成果，也为振兴中国农业航空增加了新的动力。     

Selective laser melting of Al–8.5Fe–1.3V–1.7Si alloy: Investigation on the resultant microstructure and hardness

This article presents the microstructure and hardness variation of an Al–8.5Fe–1.3V–1.7Si(wt%, FVS0812) alloy after selective laser melting(SLM) modification. Three zones were distinguished across the melting pool of the SLM-processed FVS0812 alloy: the laser melted zone(LMZ), the melting pool border, and the heat affected zone(HAZ) in the previously deposited area around the melting pool. Inside the LMZ, either an extremely fine cellular-dendritic structure or a mixture zone of the a-Al matrix and nanoscale Al_(12)(Fe,V)_3Si particles appeared. With a decreased laser beam scanning speed, the cellular-dendritic structure zone within the LMZ shrank significantly while the mixture zone expanded. The a-Al and Al_(12)(Fe,V)_3Si mixture zone was also observed in the HAZ, but another phase, submicron h-Al_(13)Fe_4 particles with rectangular or hexagonal shapes,formed along the melting pool border. Microhardness tests indicated that the hardness of the SLM-processed FVS0812 samples far exceeded that of the as-cast FVS0812 alloy.     

An integrated graphic–taxonomic–associative approach to analyze human factors in aviation accidents

Human factors are critical causes of modern aviation accidents. However, existing accident analysis methods encounter limitations in addressing aviation human factors, especially in complex accident scenarios. The existing graphic approaches are effective for describing accident mechanisms within various categories of human factors, but cannot simultaneously describe inadequate human–aircraft–environment interactions and organizational deficiencies effectively, and highly depend on analysts' skills and experiences. Moreover, the existing methods do not emphasize latent unsafe factors outside accidents. This paper focuses on the above three limitations and proposes an integrated graphic–taxonomic–associative approach. A new graphic model named accident tree(AcciTree), with a two-mode structure and a reaction-based concept, is developed for accident modeling and safety defense identification. The AcciTree model is then integrated with the well-established human factors analysis and classification system(HFACS) to enhance both reliability of the graphic part and logicality of the taxonomic part for improving completeness of analysis. An associative hazard analysis technique is further put forward to extend analysis to factors outside accidents, to form extended safety requirements for proactive accident prevention. Two crash examples, a research flight demonstrator by our team and an industrial unmanned aircraft, illustrate that the integrated approach is effective for identifying more unsafe factors and safety requirements.     

基于5阶精度格式WCNS-E-5的p-multigrid方法研究

p-multigrid方法的基本思想是:在保证收敛结果为高阶精度的同时,利用低阶精度格式耗散大的特点,来改善高精度有限差分格式在迭代计算时收敛速度慢的弱点.本文基于5阶精度WCNS-E-5差分格式,引入1阶精度迎风格式和3阶精度加权格式,构造了p-multigrid方法,在迭代过程中采用了V循环、W循环、S循环、PreV和FMG循环等不同方式来应用这三种格式,并通过典型算例考察了这些循环方式对收敛速度的影响,初步数值试验表明,采用恰当的循环方式,本文所设计的p-multigrid方法能够加快收敛速度,并保证了最终收敛结果与5阶精度WCNS-E-5差分格式的一致性.     

Effects of cerium salts on corrosion behaviors of Si–Zr hybrid sol–gel coatings

The present work examines the effects of cerium salts on corrosion behaviors of Si–Zr hybrid sol–gel coatings. The Si–Zr hybrid sol–gel coatings on a 2A12 aluminum substrate were prepared through hydrolysis and condensation of glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxy-silane(GTMS) and zirconium(IV) n-propoxide(TPOZ). Used as inhibitors for corrosion, three types of cerium salts(Ce(NO_3)_3, CeCl_3, and Ce(CH_3COO)_3) were doped into the sol–gel coatings. Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were employed to investigate the structures and morphologies of various coatings, and the corrosion resistances of the coatings were evaluated by electrochemical methods and neutral salt spray tests. Experimental results indicate that the addition of cerium salts can hinder the process of corrosion due to their self-healing abilities. Furthermore, the sol–gel coating doped with Ce(CH_3COO)_3 has the best corrosion resistance because of the promotions of hydrolysis and condensation provided by CH_3COO.     

Effect of sodium tartrate concentrations on morphology and characteristics of anodic oxide film on titanium alloy Ti–10V–2Fe–3Al

The effect of sodium tartrate concentrations on morphology and characteristics of ano-dic oxide film on titanium alloy was investigated. The alloy substrates were anodized in different concentration solutions of sodium tartrate with the addition of PTFE emulsion and their morphol-ogy and characteristics were analyzed. The anodic oxide film presented a uniform petaloid drums and micro-cracks morphology. Additionally, micro-cracks dramatically swelled with the increase of the tartrate concentrations. The thickness of the anodic oxide film increased with the concentra-tions until the concentration reached 15 g/L. The results of Raman analysis illustrate that all sam-ples have similarity in the crystal structure, consisting of mainly amorphous TiO2, some anatase TiO2 and a small amount of rutile TiO2. And the ratios of anatase TiO2 and rutile TiO2 increase with the concentrations until it reaches 15 g/L. Furthermore, the intensity of the peaks increases with enhanced concentrations until the concentration reaches 15 g/L. The corrosion resistance of the anodic oxide film is increased by the sodium tartrate with higher concentrations before 15 g/L. The coefficient of friction of the anodic oxide film reduces with the concentrations until the concentration reaches 15 g/L, then the coefficient of friction of the anodic oxide film increases with the concentrations.     

Quasi-static tensile behavior of large-diameter thin-walled Ti–6Al–4V tubes at elevated temperature

As promising light-weight and high-performance structure components, large-diameter thin-walled(LDTW) Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy(TC4) bent tubes are needed most urgently in many industries such as aviation and aerospace. Warm bending may be a feasible way for manufacturing these components. Understanding their temperature and strain rate dependent tensile behavior is the foundation for formability improvement and warm bending design. In this paper, uniaxial tensile tests were conducted at elevated temperatures ranging from 298 K to 873 K at tensile velocities of 2, 10, 15 mm/min. The main results show that the tensile behavior of LDTW TC4 tubes is different from that of TC4 sheets. The typical elongation of TC4 tubes at room temperature is 10%lower than that of TC4 sheets. The flow stress of TC4 tubes decreases greatly by about 50% with the temperature rising to 873 K. At temperatures of 573–673 K, the hardening exponent is at its highest value, which means the deformation mechanism changes from twining to more dislocation movement by slipping. The fracture elongation of TC4 tubes fluctuates with increasing temperature,which is associated with changes in the deformation mechanism and with the blue brittleness. The fractography of TC4 tubes at various temperatures, especially at 673 K, shows that second phases and impurities significantly influence fracture elongation. By considering the characteristics of the tensile behavior and by properly choosing the die material, the warm bending for TC4 tubes can be achieved at temperatures of 723–823 K.     

CATIA V5复合材料设计

CATIA V5为复合材料设计提供了一整套完整而专业的解决方案,包括复合材料本体的设计,DMU/CAE分析、可制造性分析等.本文以蜂窝夹层复合材料为例,介绍了CATIA V5对复合材料从设计、分析到制造的全过程.     

基于改进雅克比–旋量模型的航空发动机转子–叶片结构装配精度分析

转子–叶片是航空发动机的核心部件,具有装配结构复杂、装配难度大等特点,在高温高压条件下,转子–叶片装配误差被催化放大,容易导致疲劳裂纹等故障,严重影响整机安全性和可靠性。针对转子–叶片结构,传统的装配偏差分析方法常采用多特征并联结构中的一条支链作为单一主链来建立偏差传递模型,难以综合考虑转子–叶片复杂定位结构和局部并联关系。本文提出了基于改进的雅可比–旋量（Jacobian–Torsor,J–T）模型的转子–叶片装配偏差分析方法。首先分析了转子–叶片多级回转结构、止口定位结构和榫头榫槽结构,建立了考虑转子–叶片多特征局部并联关系的整机装配尺寸链;然后采用不完全定位策略将转子–叶片装配结合面表达为基于点接触形式的偏差旋量,建立了基于定位点系统的转子–叶片联合定位基准方案;最后提出转子–叶片装配精度指标及基于改进的雅克比–旋量模型的求解方法。以某航空发动机转子–叶片的径向、轴向和周向装配偏差分析为例,将传统雅克比–旋量模型、基于蒙特卡洛法的仿真模型、改进雅克比–旋量模型及实测结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,本文方法相较其他方法预测精度更高,与实测结果误差率不超过9%,提出了榫头榫槽更合理的装...     

增材制造Ti–6Al–4V组织的演化与拉伸性能的差异

Ti–6Al–4V适用于多种增材制造技术,但是不同增材技术制造的Ti–6Al–4V组织演变形式不同。以沉积效率最低的选区激光熔化和沉积效率最高的电弧填丝增材制造技术为研究对象,总结了这两种工艺条件下Ti–6Al–4V微观组织的演变形式和拉伸性能的差异。选区激光熔化制造的Ti–6Al–4V组织以α'马氏体为主,使其延展性降低。电弧填丝增材技术制造的Ti–6Al–4V晶粒粗大、存在晶界α相,导致其强度较低。针对这些问题,提出了有效改善性能的方法,同时对这两种增材技术的发展和未来的研究趋势进行了预测。