一种多任务模式离子液体推进剂的制备、表征及催化分解研究

为获得可用于多任务模式、高密度、高比冲、宽液态温度范围、良好热稳定性的新型离子液体推进剂,以N-甲基咪唑为原料,通过烷基化反应生成离子盐,该盐与四氟硼酸钠/双三氟甲磺酰亚胺锂发生复分解反应,制得一系列咪唑基离子液体。利用核磁共振 (1H NMR、13C NMR)、高分辨质谱（HRMS）等对产物结构进行了表征。并分别利用热重分析仪、密度仪、粘度计等,研究离子液体的热稳定性、密度、粘度等性能。通过点滴着火试验,借助高速摄像机评价了硝酸羟胺和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸乙酯盐复合后的推进剂点火燃烧性能。采用化学反应平衡产物软件考察了硝酸羟胺含量对推进剂能量特性的影响规律。结果表明,硝酸羟胺含量在40-60wt%之间是优选的推进剂配方。本文试验证明了50wt%硝酸羟胺与50wt%1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸乙酯盐复合推进剂具有良好的催化分解燃烧性能,是一种有潜力的新型多任务模式离子液体推进剂。     

一种多任务模式离子液体推进剂的制备、表征及催化分解研究

为获得可用于多任务模式、高密度、高比冲、宽液态温度范围、良好热稳定性的新型离子液体推进剂,以N-甲基咪唑为原料,通过烷基化反应生成离子盐,该盐与四氟硼酸钠/双三氟甲磺酰亚胺锂发生复分解反应,制得一系列咪唑基离子液体。利用核磁共振(~1H NMR,~(13)C NMR)、高分辨质谱(HRMS)等对产物结构进行了表征。并分别利用热重分析仪、密度仪、粘度计等,研究离子液体的热稳定性、密度、粘度等性能。通过点滴着火试验,借助高速摄像机评价了硝酸羟胺和1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸乙酯盐复合后的推进剂点火燃烧性能。采用化学反应平衡产物软件考察了硝酸羟胺含量对推进剂能量特性的影响规律。结果表明,硝酸羟胺含量在40wt%～60wt%是优选的推进剂配方。试验证明了50wt%硝酸羟胺与50wt%1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸乙酯盐复合推进剂具有良好的催化分解燃烧性能,是一种有潜力的新型多任务模式离子液体推进剂。     

高铝Ni3Al基合金的热变形行为

采用Gleeble-3800型热模拟试验机研究了高铝Ni3Al基合金在变形温度为1200～1240℃,应变速率为0.01～1s-1条件下的热压缩变形,结果表明:在应变速率为0.01s-1时,高铝Ni3Al基合金对应的热变形本构方程为σ=28.57(lnε+6.72×105/RT-44.08),而当应变速率为0.1s-1和1s-1时,热变形本构方程为σ=28.57(lnε+1.28×106/RT-92.76)。变形过程中只有γ’相发生不同程度上回溶,但未发生动态再结晶。合金的最佳变形区间位于变形温度为1200～1215℃,应变速率为0.01s-1范围内;而当提高速率至1s-1附近,γ’相中塞积的位错容易造成单相γ’区中β/γ’界面的开裂,对应变形过程中的"失稳区"。     

热镀Al3Ni耐蚀合金镀层液态冷凝过程的分子动力学模拟研究

钢铁表面热镀Al3Ni耐蚀合金镀层工艺涉及Al3Ni合金由液态冷凝固化成镀层的过程.冷凝速度对微结构的影响是工艺中关键问题之一.本文采用F-S多体势对液态合金Al3Ni在不同冷却速度下的微观结构及其转变机制进行了分子动力学模拟,得到了不同冷速下各温度的双体分布函数;采用HA键型指数法对其结构进行了分析,结果表明,Al3Ni在两种冷速下均以非晶的形式出现,只是慢冷时体系的有序度略有升高,这为最终确定工艺参数提供了理论依据.     

等温锻造FGH96合金超塑性研究

对等温锻造FGH96合金的超塑性进行了研究.研究表明,FGH96合金在变形温度为1050℃和1100℃,初始应变速率ε0为1×10-2s-1～1×10-3s-1的拉伸变形条件下,均呈现出较好的超塑延性.在变形温度为1050℃,初始应变速率为1.67×10-3s-1时,合金超塑延伸率均可以达到825%.微观组织分析表明,FGH96合金超塑拉伸的断裂主要原因是空洞的长大和连接.     

先进复合材料中温固化树脂基体的研究

利用一种新型的液体单核芳香胺类固化剂二甲硫基甲苯二胺(DADMT)与4,4,-二胺基二苯甲烷(DDM)共混作为固化剂研制了一种中温固化胶粘剂,并对两种固化剂的加入比例及体系的反应性、使用期,粘度以及浇铸体的性能和固化机理等进行了初步研究.研究发现,两种固化剂共混比例在1∶1(摩尔比)时温度在40℃左右即可熔融,而且固化产物的性能相对也较高.     

Ti-46Al-6(Cr,Nb,Si,B)合金高温变形特性研究

采用Thermecmaster-Z型热压缩试验机,在900~1250℃温度范围内、和10-3~1s-1应变速率条件下对铸态和挤压态Til-46Al-6(Cr,Nb,Si,B)at%合金(以下简称G4合金)进行了热压缩模拟试验,建立了两种状态下G4合金的加工图.并以加工图为基础,结合组织观察,研究了高温下该合金的变形特性.结果表明:G4合金的高温变形性能受温度和应变速率强烈影响,并呈现不同特征;流变应力随变形温度升高而减小,随应变速率增大而增大;挤压态G4合金具有比铸态G4合金更好的稳定流变能力和更宽的可热加工窗口;动态再结晶(DRX)是导致G4合金流变软化和稳定流变的主要原因;铸态G4合金的最佳变形温度为1150~1200℃,应变速率为10-2.5～10-3s-1,挤压态G4合金的最佳变形温度为1050~1150℃,应变速率为10-1.5~10-2.5s-1;G4合金的主要失效模式包括表面开裂、局部流动和楔形开裂.     

高能球磨及热压合成Al_2O_3/Ti_3AlC_2复合材料显微机理分析

以Ti,Al和活性炭粉为主要原料,利用高能球磨及热压烧结工艺在1200℃合成Al2O3/Ti3AlC2复合材料,复合材料是在Ti3AlC2层状材料的制备过程中同时被合成。研究了在Ti-Al-C体系中,烧结温度对反应产物的影响,并重点分析了反应机理及材料微观结构对性能的影响。结果表明:通过高能球磨使的Ti3AlC2的烧结温度降低,在1200℃热压烧结时得到了物相比较均匀的、致密的Al2O3/Ti3AlC2复合材料;通过XRD,DSC和SEM测试,分析了Al2O3/Ti3AlC2复合材料的相组成及显微结构,发现Al2O3以颗粒形式均匀地分布在Ti3AlC2基体中,起到弥散增强的效果,并通过阻碍Ti3AlC2表面微裂纹的扩展使裂纹在断裂扩展过程中中断,起到微裂纹增韧效果,大大提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

Al基含能微单元的一体化制备和燃烧性能

针对固体推进剂所面临的Al粉燃烧不充分和微纳尺度下组分偏聚两大关键问题，采用组分复合技术设计制备一种将氧化剂AP包覆在氟化物改性Al粉表面的含能微单元Al@PFPE@AP核壳型粉体，通过扫描电子显微镜、激光粒度仪、氧弹量热仪、电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪以及X射线衍射仪等对微单元粉体的形貌、粒径、燃烧性能以及燃烧产物进行分析。结果表明：含能微单元Al@PFPE@AP呈现明显的核壳结构，粒径较均一；当PFPE的添加量为5%（质量分数）时，相比于机械混合样品（AP+Al）,Al@5%PFPE@AP的燃烧热值提高了63.8%，燃烧产物粒径减小了61.8%，燃烧产物中活性铝含量减少57%以上；PFPE可以与Al粉发生预点火反应，增加Al粉的反应活性，并且Al粉表面对AP分解有催化作用，使AP的高温分解温度和低温分解温度分别降低了12℃和10℃；核壳型微单元结构对体系燃烧性能的提升有明显的促进作用，能够大幅度提高推进剂主要组分燃烧时的能量水平。     

电沉积ZrO2/Ni纳米复合材料低温高应变速率超塑性的研究

采用电沉积方法制备了平均晶粒尺寸为45nm的ZrO2/Ni复合材料,并通过拉伸和胀形试验对该材料的超塑性能进行了研究。拉伸试验结果表明:材料在温度为420~500℃,应变速率为8.33×10-4s-1~1.67×10-2s-1时均获得了高于200%的延伸率。在温度为450℃和应变速率为1.67×10-3s-1时,得到最大延伸率605%。用扫描电镜SEM对拉伸前后试件的显微组织进行了观察,发现晶粒在温度的作用下明显长大。采用内径5 mm的凹模对ZrO2/Ni复合材料进行超塑胀形试验,在温度为420~500℃获得高径比H/d高于0.5的胀形件,说明该材料具有良好的超塑性能。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.