Flower Constellation Set Theory Part II: Secondary Paths and Equivalency

In our previous research, the Flower Constellation set theory was introduced but specific details left out. In this work, the particular phasing theory that we have adopted is discussed in full. As a consequence of this choice of parametrization, a new class of orbit theory has emerged: secondary paths (SPs). The theory of SPs is developed and proved in this work. Examples of SPs are presented and discussed. Furthermore, we discuss the equivalency of Flower Constellations and resolve how certain disparate choices of integer parameters can generate identical satellite distributions.     

Rotational modes in a uniformly rotating star

The linear adiabatic oscillations of a uniformly rotating star are examined with respect to a co-rotating frame of reference. It is shown that time-independent displacement fields are allowed and can be represented as toroidal fields. The time-dependent oscillation modes are governed by a system of differential equations of the fourth order in time for axisymmetri'c perturbations, and of the fifth order for nonaxisymmetric perturbations. Therefore, in comparison to a non-rotating spherical star, a rotating star allows a new class of non-axisymmetric oscillation modes with non-zero frequencies. These modes correspond to the r-modes, which originate from purely toroidal displacement fields in a non-rotating spherical star.For the r-modes of a slowly and uniformly rotating star, a perturbation method has been developed, with inclusion of the perturbation of the gravitational potential. It is seen that both dynamically stable and unstable r-modes do exist.     

研究转子内流动的大尺寸轴流压气机实验装置和动态测量技术

本文在评述国外同类技术的基础上,介绍近年研制成的,以研究转子内流动为主要对象的低速大尺寸轴流压气机实验装置和动态测量技术,包括实验台、旋转四坐标全电动探针位移机构、并行多通道高速数据采集器、高频压力探针及一整套高频压力探针、热丝和激光多普勒动态测量技术,列举了典型的转子内和转子进、出口复杂流场测量结果。      

椭圆振动切削加工的同步控制研究

利用椭圆振动切削加工的回转体表面微织构是在机床主轴旋转、平台进给和装置椭圆振动的联合运动下得到的,机床主轴转动与装置位移输出如果不能保持完全的实时同步,会造成微织构加工的偏差。为了解决这一问题,提出了一种新的基于转角的同步控制方法,该方法在主轴的对位基准处实现装置正弦信号的复位,以修正转速漂移造成的加工位置误差,并通过判断主轴角度信号实时输出对应幅值电压来实时同步信号输出和机床旋转运动。基于LabVIEW FPGA搭建同步控制模块,经试验验证,利用该方法加工的矩形阵列微织构轴向排列与中轴线平行,与周向排列的夹角和仿真结果的偏差不超过0.1°,织构深度随转角的不同发生预设的变化,因此,同步控制方法具有实时同步控制椭圆振动切削装置的能力。     

集群编队条件下通导一体高精度时间同步方法

针对集群编队条件下对高精度时间同步的需求，对通导一体高精度时间同步方法进行了研究，将卫星导航系统与数据链系统进行深度融合，提出了动基座条件下基于卫星导航载波差分算法的节点间高精度时间同步算法。该算法通过协同时间驯服的方式来抑制两次定位间隔间受钟漂影响导致的节点间时间同步误差发散以及节点间时钟修正不同步导致的时间同步误差，提升了编队组网条件下节点间的时间同步精度。最后,通过仿真对算法进行了验证。结果表明，时空同步精度可以达到1ns，可有力支撑未来集群编队作战、高精度协同探测、高精度协同制导等典型场景下对节点间高精度时间同步的需求。     

太阳同步卫星双星组网维持策略

某准共面星座由两颗相位差为 180°的太阳同步卫星组成。在对其进行轨道维持时 ,需综合考虑相位差和地面轨迹范围两方面的限制。然而 ,由于这两颗卫星的轨道倾角存在差异 ,使得在轨道维持过程中不能同时满足相位差和地面轨迹的要求。为解决上述问题 ,本文提出了调整地面参考轨迹的方法 ,实践证明有效。     

DF Vectoring: Application to Stationary Synchronous Satellites

Several methods of using an earth-based radio reference signal to determine the three-axis attitude of a synchronous satellite, and two types of spacecraft electronic systems (amplitude measurement and phase measurement), which obtain attitude and pointing information from the radio reference signal for orientating the spacecraft and for directing large-aperture antennas aboard the spacecraft are described. The earth-based radio reference signal also enables the electronic systems to determine angles to other ground stations with respect to fixed (reference) stations on the earth. These attitude- and angle-determining techniques are applicable to communications satellites, navigational satellites, and intersatellite data relay systems.     

卫星筒式偏心在轨分离动力学分析

偏心安装的子卫星在轨分离是一类特殊的卫星在轨分离问题。为了给分离地面试验和分离系统设计提供依据,在惯性参考系中分析了筒式偏心在轨分离问题的运动特性。以刚体运动学原理和动力学动量定理、角动量定理及能量定理为依据,建立了分离过程的动力学模型。运用数值求解方法,给出了不同初始条件下的模型求解算例,并对求解结果进行了比较和分析。分析结果表明,分离弹簧物性参数是影响分离速度的主要因素;卫星相对安装位置是影响分离角速度的主要因素。     

旋转坐标系中可压缩湍流的基本方程和湍流模型

本文在可压缩湍流瞬时量基本方程的基础上,用质量加权平均的概念,推导了旋转坐标系中可压湍流流动的连续方程、动量方程和能量方程。进而导出了旋转坐标系中可压湍流的应力输运方程、脉动平均动能方程和湍流耗散率输运方程。这些方程中包括了由旋转引起的 Coriolis力和离心力的作用项。这些方程是在旋转坐标系中研究平均 N-S方程求解湍流流场和研究湍流模型的基础。      

基于1553B总线星时精确产生硬件秒脉冲的方法

本设计在整星不能提供硬件秒脉冲的情况下,利用单片机对1553B总线协议芯片进行配置,使其只对星时数据产生中断.该中断触发外围电路自主产生硬件秒脉冲信号,进而实现校时.由于该方法为纯硬件的触发控制环节,在不考虑卫星平台发送星时数据随机误差的情况下,其误差仅取决于硬件的延时误差,通过标定可达到与整星提供秒脉冲相同的校时精度,而大大优于不采用校时的情况.此外,该成果通过对触发电路外围进行配置,可以实现任意脉宽及方向的秒脉冲信号输出,可满足不同型号对不同类型秒脉冲信号的需求,具有很大的灵活性及广泛的适用性.     

旋转坐标系下分区计算的LU隐式方法

将隐式时间迭代方法应用于并行计算是CFD研究中的热点问题,研究发现LU-SGS格式在旋转坐标系下对分区边界比较敏感,对旋翼悬停状态进行分区并行计算时碰到了计算发散的问题。针对此问题,对基于LU分解的3种隐式时间迭代格式（LU-SGS、DP-LUR和HLU-SGS）进行了对比研究,设计了静止流场下的旋转网格算例对计算方法进行测试。结果表明,LU-SGS格式在网格边界采用简化处理方法,当边界的逆变速度增大时会引起数值误差放大,误差的不断积累导致计算发散。DP-LUR和HLU-SGS格式通过在边界单元采用雅克比迭代算法,能有效消除分区边界影响,使计算格式在大CFL数条件下保持稳定,其中HLU-SGS继承了LU-SGS迭代效率高的特点。在此基础上,采用并行化的LU隐式方法对Caradonna-Tung旋翼进行了并行计算,针对两套稀密程度不同的背景网格,在产生复杂分区边界的计算网格条件下,均获得了气动力和旋翼尾迹都充分收敛的流场。通过计算,分析了背景网格密度对预测气动力性能和捕捉尾迹流场的影响,计算结果与试验值吻合良好,验证了当前隐式计算方法适用于旋转坐标系并行计算,适合于推广至其他大规模并行分区的流场计算。     

RELATIONSHIPS FOR MOTION DESCRIBED IN ANY TWO ROTATIONAL REFERENCE FRAMES

In this paper the definitions of the relative derivatives of a vector with respect to time in any reference frame by using the notation of vectrix are proposed. It is further shown that with the help of vectrix one can treat the relative derivatives more clearly and more rigorously when multiple reference frames are concerned. Very useful relationships between the first order relative derivatives described in any two reference frames are derived. Relationships for the second order relative derivatives are also presented in detail. A new concept called "rotation induced acceleration" which is caused by the rotation of two reference frames when motion is necessarily described in them is presented. The result obtained in this paper is the generalization of the acceleration theorem given in conventional theoretical mechanics.     

旋转状态下气膜偏转特性的实验

基于一个平板叶片模型对旋转状态下气膜冷却轨迹的偏转规律进行了研究,提出采用一个主流径向压力梯度与冷气所受惯性力之比的无量纲数Φ来评价气膜的偏转规律,并通过实验手段验证了这一理论,得出了此无量纲数与气膜偏转角度的关系.实验利用热色液晶测温技术对叶片表面的二维温度场进行测量,并采用无线旋转拍照系统对旋转坐标系中的图像信号加以采集.实验结果表明气膜沿径向偏转角度随Φ增大而减小.      

Real Time Satellite Position Determination for TDMA Systems

A real time satellite position determination method using a single reference station is presented. The satellite position is determined from these three parameters: the distance between the reference station and the satellite that can be obtained by a single-hop measurement, the elevation angle, and the azimuth angle obtained from the antenna encoder. The error of the transmit frame delay is determined from the position equations, together with other possible errors. The accuracy is about ± 42 symbols for a 90 Mbit/s timedivision multiple access (TDMA) system using an encoder with a ± 0.001 ? resolution.     

导航卫星时频系统发展综述

全球各大卫星导航系统近年来发展迅速,性能持续提升,其中卫星时频系统的高性能、稳定可靠和保持星间时频同步是系统实现高精度测量的基础.介绍了目前应用于各卫星导航系统的铷钟、氢钟、铯钟等星载原子钟和时频生成与保持技术的特点、发展概况及在轨应用情况.面向精度提升和自主运行能力提升的需求,分析了可能应用于下一代导航卫星的星载原子钟技术、星上时频生成与保持单元性能提升方法以及星间高精度激光时频同步技术,以支撑未来时频基准的天基化和我国综合PNT体系的建设.     

宽带数据链路中的帧同步技术研究

文中对宽带数据链路中的帧同步技术进行了研究。采用QPSK调制解调时,数据帧中同步字采用两个重复的符号长度为16的恒幅零自相关(CAZAC)复序列,通过检测两个CAZAC同步字来确认系统处于失步或同步状态。分析结果表明,基于本文给出的同步字的数据帧格式在进行帧同步检测时,在引入帧同步校核系数(α=2)和帧同步保护系数(β=8)后,平均同步捕获时间很短;且一旦系统处于同步状态,其发生失步的概率极小。     

Geostationary orbit determination for time synchronization using analytical dynamic models

A real time analytical orbit determination method has been developed for precision national time synchronization. The one-way time transfer technique via a geostationary TV satellite standard time and frequency signal (STFS) dissemination system was considered. The differential method was also applied for mitigating errors in geostationary satellite STFS dissemination system. Analytical dynamic orbit determination with extended Kalman filter (EKF) was implemented to improve differential mode STFS (DSTFS) service accuracy by acquiring better accuracy of a geostationary satellite position. The perturbation force models applied for satellite dynamics include the geopotential perturbation up to fifth degree and order harmonics, luni-solar perturbations, and solar radiation pressure. All of the perturbation effects were analyzed by secular, short, and long period variations for equinoctial orbit elements such as semimajor axis, eccentricity vector, inclination vector, and mean right ascension of the geostationary satellite. The reference stations for orbit determination were composed of four calibrated stations. Simulations were performed to evaluate the performance of real time analytical orbit determination in Korea. The simulation results demonstrated that it is possible to determine real time position of geostationary satellite with the accuracy of 300 m rms. This performance implies that the time accuracy is better than 25 ns all over the Korean peninsula. The real time analytical orbit determination method developed in this research can provide a reliable, extremely high accurate time synchronization service through setting up domestic-only benchmarks.     

Clock Synchronization from Satellite Tracking

The tracking of synchronous satellites to provide propagation delays for the synchronization of clocks is described. The tracking is accomplished by range measurements to the satellite from three stations using signals transponded by the satellite. These same signals also functioned as the timing signals for the synchronization of other stations' clocks. Although the range measurements were of low resolution by usual standards, approximately 3000 meters, they provided the delays necessary to synchronize clocks to 40 microseconds or better. These results were obtained over a 4-month period using two satellites with measurements from five stations in the United States and South America.     

Aeroelastic simulation of the first 1.5-stage aeroengine fan at rotating stall

A massive parallel aeroelastic simulation platform has been built to investigate the first 1.5-stage fan of an aeroengine at rotating stall. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solver and Computational Structural Dynamics (CSD) solver are coupled directly by non-matching mesh interfaces. The unsteady rotor/stator interaction is solved by the Sliding Mesh Interface method. The original rotor blades are shrouded by the midspan shrouds. An unshrouded fan is also created to investigate the effects of the midspan shrouds. Both the shrouded fan and unshrouded fan have stable aeroelasticity at the designed state. At rotating stall, the stalled region rotates at 30% of the rotor speed on the absolute reference frame. The energy spectrum of the rotating stalled flow is measured quantitatively. It shows that the first two order excitations are much stronger than the higher order excitations. In the flow of rotating stall, the fifth backward travelling wave mode of shrouded fan is resonated by the fifth excitation of the rotational stalled flow because the rotational speed of the stalled region coincides with the modal rotational speed, while for the unshrouded fan, the first bending mode is resonated by the second excitation of the rotational stalled flow, forming two waves in the circumference of the annulus blades. At rotating stall, the vibration of the shrouded blades is still under control but the vibration of the unshrouded blades is diverged and out of control. A novel tool, i.e., resonance map, is proposed to predict the resonance. It provides a perspective to explain the effects of midspan shrouds at a theoretical level, and it would also be helpful in the structural design of blades.