点火药量对双脉冲固体火箭发动机点火过程影响

为了确定第二脉冲点火药量对双脉冲发动机点火过程的影响规律,以某双脉冲固体火箭发动机为模型,采用轴对称非定常Navier-Stokes方程和标准k-e湍流模型,对第二脉冲点火过程进行了仿真,研究了点火装置工作持续时间和点火燃气流量对于点火延迟的影响.研究结果表明:点火燃气流量相同时,增加点火装置工作持续时间可以有效减小第...     

隔层式双脉冲发动机尾部点火过程流固耦合特性研究

为研究隔层式双脉冲发动机Ⅰ脉冲尾部点火过程对隔层和Ⅱ脉冲药柱结构完整性的影响，以雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程、k-ωSST湍流模型和固体推进剂热传导方程为基础，基于耦合传热方法建立推进剂点火与燃烧加质模型，同时结合流固耦合方法，详细分析了点火过程中燃气的非定常流动特性以及燃气冲击作用下隔层和Ⅱ脉冲药柱结构的力学特性。计算结果表明，尾部点火药气体喷射入药柱后端内孔和翼槽内形成回流区，导致翼槽侧表面首先点燃，同时迅速产生了二次着火点，加快了火焰传播过程，提高了升压速率；点火过程中燃烧室内初始低温气体被挤压至燃烧室头部，并与高温燃气持续相互作用，引起燃烧室头部压力剧烈振荡；点火冲击过程中，隔层表面压力差距较大，隔层外表面上等效应力最大值为3.7MPa，最大总变形量达10.1mm。     

旋转对固体火箭发动机两相流点火过程影响仿真研究

为研究高速旋转对内外燃管型装药固体火箭发动机凝聚相点火瞬态过程的影响规律，应用计算流体动力学（CFD）流体计算软件，使用用户定义函数（UDF）编程接口建立固体火箭发动机点火模型，对旋转条件下发动机凝聚相点火过程进行模拟。将数值计算结果与地面旋转实验内弹道进行对比分析，验证数值模型的正确性。计算结果表明：①点火药燃气颗粒因旋转做离心运动，大量粒子聚集在燃烧室头部上端，部分粒子附着在发动机壁面，且停留时间较长。②点火药燃气颗粒占比从20%增加到40%，点火压力峰值降低3.93%，发动机转速的升高会造成内弹道平衡压力升高，但点火压力峰会逐渐降低，且峰值出现时间发生延迟，转速达到15 000 r/min时点火压力峰消失。③转速增大，点火颗粒与推进剂传热增大，火焰传播期减小，但燃气填充期和点火延迟增大，点火药燃气颗粒占比为20%时，转速为15 000 r/min较静止条件下点火延迟增加了23.76%。     

爆燃脉冲发动机内弹道模拟及实验分析

为了研究质量轻便、结构紧凑的固体冲量发动机,提出以微气孔球形推进剂作为能量材料,以对流爆燃形成高内压为模式的脉冲动力方案。通过分析不同推进剂密度、长度、点火药量和膜片形式等因素,得到了大喉燃比发动机中球形装药爆燃诱导条件;根据球形装药爆燃特性,通过数值模型研究了新型爆燃冲量发动机的内弹道与流场特性。结果表明：装药长度、装药密度和点火药量均对发动机中爆燃现象出现有明显影响,较长装药,较小装药密度和较大点火药量均利于诱发对流爆燃;微气孔球形药在发动机燃烧室内燃速与压力规律以分段的指数燃速形式出现;初步论证一体式爆燃脉冲发动机的实用潜力。     

低燃速贫氧推进剂燃气发生器点火起动影响因素研究

为了探索点火能量、燃速、级配及粒度、点火建压速率等因素对冲压发动机燃气发生器点火起动性能的影响,针对采用低燃速贫氧推进剂的燃气发生器点火起动的影响因素进行了研究,在地面直连式试车台上采用全尺寸燃气发生器进行了多次点火起动性能试验。试验结果表明:燃气发生器点火器点火药量提高20%,点火起动时间提高62.7%。低燃速贫氧推进剂燃速从2.3mm/s降低到1.6mm/s,点火起动时间降低43.6%,在低温-40℃条件下的点火起动时间为0.0895s。低燃速贫氧推进剂氧化剂AP平均粒径由193μm增大到201μm,燃气发生器点火起动时间降低36%。在低温-40℃条件下,喷口堵片优化后的点火起动时间为0.0879s,满足快速起动要求。采取措施解决了低燃速贫氧推进剂燃气发生器点火起动困难的问题。     

超高燃速多孔推进剂发动机的点火特性

超高燃烧多孔推进剂比常规推进剂点火困难，需要合理调整影响点火性能的参数。研究了推进剂密度、点火空间、喷喉尺寸、喷管堵盖材料和厚度、点火药量和种类对超高燃速推进剂发动机点火特性的影响，并确定了关键因素，得到了良好的综合点火性能。     

带侵蚀效应的三维双燃速装药固体火箭发动机点火过程

针对三维双燃速装药固体火箭发动机,采用商用CFD计算软件的用户自定义方程对点火瞬态过程中的侵蚀燃速、燃面温度、质量源项、动量源项、能量源项及点火器入口等进行了二次开发,并进行了考虑侵蚀效应的点火瞬态过程流场仿真计算,与地面点火试验内弹道数据进行了对比分析。结果表明:点火初期发动机头部的气流流动十分复杂,且头部压强随时间变化十分剧烈;堵盖打开会造成头部升压梯度振荡,并产生负升压梯度;仿真与试验结果符合较好,说明采用一维非定常固相传热方程计算三维燃面温度可以满足当前工程要求,计算方法正确有效。      

高金属含量水冲压发动机点火过程多相耦合计算

为准确模拟高金属含量水冲压发动机点火过程的流场特征及燃面温度变化,基于N-S方程,将高金属含量燃料和点火药向气相流场的质量、动量和能量输运转化为对应守恒量控制方程在近燃面第一层网格和点火药包覆盖区域网格的源项,将脱离燃面的熔融镁近似为燃烧室入口释放的镁液滴,实现了含镁质量百分数为73%的水冲压发动机燃料燃烧/点火药燃烧/发动机内流场的多相湍流燃烧的耦合计算,并对比分析了黑火药和硼/硝酸钾点火药对燃料燃烧影响。结果表明:40g黑火药点火和0.5kg/s的进水量下,燃料平衡燃面温度约为943K,可实现可靠点火与稳态燃烧。相同质量的硼/硝酸钾点火药与黑火药相比,可实现较高的平衡燃烧温度,但需较长的平衡建立时间。     

补燃循环发动机强迫起动过程

以补燃循环液氧煤油发动机系统为研究对象,对其强迫起动特性进行了研究.建立了描述补燃循环发动机瞬变过程的数学模型,提出了求解推进剂供应管路瞬变流控制方程的Chebyshev伪谱方法.采用新的面向对象仿真语言Modelica,建立了可扩展的发动机仿真模型库,在MWorks平台上,利用模型库搭建了补燃循环液氧煤油发动机仿真模型.对发动机强迫起动过程进行了仿真计算,计算结果与试车数据基本相符,其中稳态相对误差小于4%,动态相对误差小于10%,初步验证了模型的正确性.进一步分析了火药起动器工作时间、阀门打开时序等因素对发动机起动过程的影响.结果表明,为保证该发动机可靠起动,发生器点火应在氧化剂头腔充填完成后,火药起动器工作时间应持续到发生器点火.      

固体火箭发动机点火药颗粒点火过程流固耦合特性研究

为了研究点火药颗粒点火瞬态过程中流动与燃烧特性及点火喷流冲击对自由装填药柱结构的影响,以N-S方程、k-ε湍流模型为基础,采用颗粒轨道模型建立点火药颗粒点火模型,结合流固耦合方法分析点火喷流冲击对自由装填药柱结构的影响.通过与相关试验结果对比证明计算模型可靠,然后对固体火箭发动机点火药颗粒点火过程进行仿真计算,计算结果...     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.