FADS/INS组合法迎角、侧滑角测量方法研究

嵌入式大气数据传感(FADS)系统比传统迎角、侧滑角传感器在测量精度、可靠性、隐身性能上都具有较大的优势,因此该系统可被应用于各型飞行器上。但由于该系统在获得大气参数方面存在延时,所以,它在飞行器机动飞行状态下,迎角和侧滑角的测量精度会下降。针对这一问题,本文提出了以FADS测量结果为基础,采用惯性导航系统(INS)测量的迎角、侧滑角变化量进行修正的FADS/INS组合法迎角、侧滑角测量方法。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该组合系统在飞行器处于平稳和机动飞行时,对迎角、侧滑角的测量均能获得较高精度。     

Virtis: An Imaging Spectrometer for the Rosetta Mission

The VIRTIS (Visual IR Thermal Imaging Spectrometer) experiment has been one of the most successful experiments built in Europe for Planetary Exploration. VIRTIS, developed in cooperation among Italy, France and Germany, has been already selected as a key experiment for 3 planetary missions: the ESA-Rosetta and Venus Express and NASA-Dawn. VIRTIS on board Rosetta and Venus Express are already producing high quality data: as far as Rosetta is concerned, the Earth-Moon system has been successfully observed during the Earth Swing-By manouver (March 2005) and furthermore, VIRTIS will collect data when Rosetta flies by Mars in February 2007 at a distance of about 200 kilometres from the planet. Data from the Rosetta mission will result in a comparison – using the same combination of sophisticated experiments – of targets that are poorly differentiated and are representative of the composition of different environment of the primordial solar system. Comets and asteroids, in fact, are in close relationship with the planetesimals, which formed from the solar nebula 4.6 billion years ago. The Rosetta mission payload is designed to obtain this information combining in situ analysis of comet material, obtained by the small lander Philae, and by a long lasting and detailed remote sensing of the comet, obtained by instrument on board the orbiting Spacecraft. The combination of remote sensing and in situ measurements will increase the scientific return of the mission. In fact, the “in situ” measurements will provide “ground-truth” for the remote sensing information, and, in turn, the locally collected data will be interpreted in the appropriate context provided by the remote sensing investigation. VIRTIS is part of the scientific payload of the Rosetta Orbiter and will detect and characterise the evolution of specific signatures – such as the typical spectral bands of minerals and molecules – arising from surface components and from materials dispersed in the coma. The identification of spectral features is a primary goal of the Rosetta mission as it will allow identification of the nature of the main constituent of the comets. Moreover, the surface thermal evolution during comet approach to sun will be also studied.     

考虑任务合成的成像卫星调度问题

某些成像卫星的侧摆机动性能较差,限制了卫星的观测能力,需要考虑任务合成以提高观测效率。建立了考虑任务合成的成像卫星调度问题模型,并提出了求解该模型的快速模拟退火算法(VFSA)。算法针对元任务及合成任务分别构造邻域,采用合成邻域、分解邻域实现调度过程中任务动态合成操作。采用“冒险”的接受概率和快速退火计划,提高算法的求解速度。采用回火机制及3种分化策略,避免算法陷入局部最优。大规模测试算例验证了算法的效率。     

复杂系统体系结构设计方法研究

体系结构研究是认识复杂系统、控制系统复杂度的首要问题。复杂系统通常由多个具有交联关系的功能模块组成,各个模块之间通过相互作用组织起来,使系统具备特定的整体属性。随着系统复杂程度的增加,整个系统的组成结构、联结关系以及各个组成部分的规格说明显得越来越重要。与具体部件功能的实现技术相比,系统总体结构设计和组件规格描述相对重...     

SRS-Net: Training object detectors from scratch for remote sensing images without pretraining

Most of the current object detection algorithms use pretrained models that are trained on ImageNet and then fine-tuned in the network, which can achieve good performance in terms of general object detectors. However, in the field of remote sensing image object detection, as pretrained models are significantly different from remote sensing data, it is meaningful to explore a train-from-scratch technique for remote sensing images. This paper proposes an object detection framework trained from scratch, SRS-Net, and describes the design of a densely connected backbone network to provide integrated hidden layer supervision for the convolution module. Then, two necessary improvement principles are proposed: studying the role of normalization in the network structure, and improving data augmentation methods for remote sensing images. To evaluate the proposed framework, we performed many ablation experiments on the DIOR, DOTA, and AS datasets. The results show that whether using the improved backbone network, the normalization method or training data enhancement strategy, the performance of the object detection network trained from scratch increased. These principles compensate for the lack of pretrained models. Furthermore, we found that SRS-Net could achieve similar to or slightly better performance than baseline methods, and surpassed most advanced general detectors.     

基于拉曼散射的分布式光纤温度传感技术的研究

论述了基于拉曼散射的分布式光纤温度传感器的基本工作原理、结构、系统特点及信号处理方法。该结构及信号处理方法具有一定的空问分辨率，保证了系统的实用性。将分布式光纤传感器与传统的复用温度光纤传感器阵列进行了比较。通过使用分布式光纤温度传感器信号处理系统和信号处理软件相结合进行实验，得出结论。     

High-Precision Laboratory Measurements Supporting Retrieval of Water Vapor,Gaseous Ammonia,and Aqueous Ammonia Clouds with the Juno Microwave Radiometer (MWR)

The NASA Juno mission includes a six-channel microwave radiometer system (MWR) operating in the 1.3–50 cm wavelength range in order to retrieve abundances of ammonia and water vapor from the microwave signature of Jupiter (see Janssen et al. 2016). In order to plan observations and accurately interpret data from such observations, over 6000 laboratory measurements of the microwave absorption properties of gaseous ammonia, water vapor, and aqueous ammonia solution have been conducted under simulated Jovian conditions using new laboratory systems capable of high-precision measurement under the extreme conditions of the deep atmosphere of Jupiter (up to 100 bars pressure and 505 K temperature). This is one of the most extensive laboratory measurement campaigns ever conducted in support of a microwave remote sensing instrument. New, more precise models for the microwave absorption from these constituents have and are being developed from these measurements. Application of these absorption properties to radiative transfer models for the six wavelengths involved will provide a valuable planning tool for observations, and will also make possible accurate retrievals of the abundance of these constituents during and after observations are conducted.     

高性能飞行器大气数据传感技术研究进展

大气数据是飞行器导航和控制的重要参数，大气数据传感技术是实现飞行器飞行安全及性能发挥的重要保障。针对高性能飞行器对大气数据传感技术的发展需求进行分析，重点介绍了传统大气数据传感技术、嵌入式大气数据传感技术、光学大气数据传感技术及虚拟大气数据传感技术的发展和特点，并对推动嵌入式大气数据传感技术发展的相关技术问题进行了分析和总结，最后对大气数据传感技术的发展进行展望。     

正常类航空器进气条款适航符合性研究

正常类航空器包括正常类飞机和正常类旋翼航空器,是通用航空产业的主要机型,发动机进气系统是此类航空器的重要组成部分,其设计的优劣关系到发动机能否正常工作,在适航审定中需要重点加以关注。为了全面研究正常类航空器进气条款的适航符合性,对正常类飞机及正常类旋翼航空器的适航标准、符合性验证方法进行了分析,并结合某型农林飞机及某型直升机的适航审定案例开展了对比研究。研究结果表明：正常类飞机及正常类旋翼航空器进气条款均采用说明性文件及飞行试验来表明符合性;说明性文件需要对进气系统的设计原理和组成等进行介绍,在具体型号中,此部分内容可以单独给出,也可以包含在动力系统设计说明文件之中;飞行试验验证不必单独开展,一般可与动力装置工作特性检查结合进行;通过对比不同型号的审定案例,给出了正常类航空器进气条款的符合性验证方法与思路,可为后续同类型号的研制与适航审定工作提供参考。     

基于稀疏随机阵列配置的CS-MIMO雷达感知矩阵构造

压缩感知(CS)理论中的感知矩阵在观测数据获取和信号重建过程中起关键性作用。目前,大部分研究通过引入高斯随机矩阵作为测量矩阵实现压缩观测,这类测量矩阵对硬件要求很高,工程实现困难。提出了一种基于稀疏随机阵列配置的压缩感知-多输入多输出(CS-MIMO)雷达中的感知矩阵构造方法,当MIMO雷达阵元配置为满足某种概率分布的稀疏随机阵列时,发射与接收导引矢量的Kronecker积能够起到压缩测量的作用。从理论上分析了所构造的感知矩阵的归一化互相关系数、Gram矩阵以及阵列方向图之间的内在联系,并证明了当随机阵元位置满足均匀分布时所构造的感知矩阵满足压缩感知重构条件。在这种稀疏随机阵列配置方式下,既可以避免额外引入随机测量矩阵,又能减少所需的阵元个数,从而大大降低CS-MIMO雷达系统复杂度。仿真实验表明,该方法具有较低的感知矩阵归一化互相关系数,与满阵CS-MIMO雷达相比能够在减少阵元个数的同时获得良好的重构性能,且使重构所需运算量大大降低。     

FL-23风洞级间分离与网格测力试验系统

近年来,随着飞行器研制不断高速化发展,一些型号要求在超声速条件下实现级间分离与网格测力试验。为了实现超声速飞行器级间分离与网格测力风洞试验,利用FL-23跨超声速风洞独有的投放机构,通过对上、下支撑及其控制系统进行改造升级,实现了X、Y两个方向的复合运动,建立了马赫数0.3～4.0的级间分离系统。经过多期型号试验验证,该系统对模型定位控制精度达到要求,满足飞行器高马赫数下开展级间分离与网格测力风洞试验需求。     

民用飞机辅助燃油箱系统燃油转输油出口位置研究

面对不同的市场需求,民用飞机通常在取得型号合格证之后,通过改装,形成公务机~([1])、遥感机、海监机等在内的特种飞机。大航程、长航时是众多特种飞机的重要特点。民用飞机通常在货舱内加装辅助燃油箱~([2-3])以增加额外的燃油存储空间,增加载油量,从而增大航程。然而辅助燃油箱内的燃油不直接供给发动机,需在巡航阶段将辅助燃油箱内的燃油转输至基本燃油箱内,通过基本燃油箱内供油系统供给发动机~([4-8])。转输动力可以来自转输泵或者闭式通气增压系统,即辅助燃油箱与基本燃油箱产生一定的压差,通过该压差将燃油转输到基本燃油箱内。然而不同的转输口位置,将会导致燃油转输的控制逻辑不同。基于某民用飞机的基本油箱构型,通过不同的转输口位置分析,给出较为合理的转输口位置。     

考虑任务合成的成像卫星调度问题

某些成像卫星的侧摆机动性能较差,限制了卫星的观测能力,需要考虑任务合成以提高观测效率.建立了考虑任务合成的成像卫星调度问题模型,并提出了求解该模型的快速模拟退火算法(VFSA).算法针对元任务及合成任务分别构造邻域,采用合成邻域、分解邻域实现调度过程中任务动态合成操作.采用"冒险"的接受概率和快速退火计划,提高算法的求解速度.采用回火机制及3种分化策略,避免算法陷入局部最优.大规模测试算例验证了算法的效率.     

战斗机飞行姿态对最低安全救生高度影响的仿真研究

战斗机飞行员在飞机出现危险情况时采用火箭弹射座椅作为救生装备的主要形式,在低空不利姿态下弹射时,往往需要一定的最低安全高度来保证弹射救生的成功率,在座椅性能确定的情况下,最低安全救生高度取决于弹射时飞机的飞行姿态。为此,根据火箭弹射座椅的工作原理,针对弹射过程的不同阶段,建立相应的数学模型,用仿真计算的手段来研究不同飞行姿态对最低安全救生高度的影响,以期为飞行员如何选择正确的弹射时机提供一定的理论支撑。     

嵌入式大气数据传感系统研究进展

大气数据的精确测量对飞行器的导航与控制至关重要。相较于传统的探针式大气数据测量系统,嵌入式大气数据传感系统更适用于隐身性能要求、大迎角飞行要求的飞行器或高超声速飞行器。回顾了嵌入式大气数据传感系统的发展历程,介绍了该系统完整的组成部分及其工作原理,并指出该系统在应用时的四项关键技术(测压孔布局、气动模型及求解算法、校正算法、故障检测及管理技术),结合国外多种飞行器上该系统不同的应用方案,分别对比分析四项关键技术不同应用方式的优缺点;指出了该系统的四项关键技术均会影响系统精度及可靠性,实际应用中需综合考虑选择其应用方式;最后展望了该系统在未来航空航天领域的应用。     

Bistatic Interference between Neighboring Radars

Radar transmitters characteristically generate broadband noise sidebands [1] over the entire tunable frequency band of the system for the duration of the transmitted pulse. The noise will be backscattered over a substantial range interval. In certain circumstaces, this bistatic reflection of ground clutter emerges as the predominant mode of interference between adjacent radars operating in common bands. Closed form mathematical expressions are derived which relate this mutual interference to the system noise temperature. These results in turn are applied to a typical S-band radar.     

Target tracking with a network of Doppler radars

By observing a Doppler signal at several points in space, it is possible to determine the position, velocity, and acceleration of a moving target. Parameter identification for a constant-acceleration motion model is studied, and the Cramer-Rao bound on motion parameter uncertainty is obtained for phaseand frequency-based estimation strategies, with the result that the preferred strategy depends upon the sensor/target geometry and target motion. Direct identification of the constant-acceleration trajectory model from the Doppler signal requires a 9-dimensional nonlinear optimization. Exploiting symmetry in the sensing geometry, a novel trajectory representation is presented which reduces the nonlinear optimization to one in 3 dimensions, with additional parameters obtained by linear identification. Baseball tracking using a network of four Doppler radars is experimentally demonstrated     

静电悬浮微加速度计高灵敏度电容检测通道设计

高灵敏度电容式位移检测是实现静电悬浮微加速度计闭环测控的关键技术之一.针对微加速度计径向悬浮检测的特点及指标要求,设计了高灵敏度、高精度电容式微位移检测通道.该通道主要由前置RC隔离网络与C/V转换、高共模抑制比差动放大器、二级运放、二阶压控电压源有源带通滤波、相敏解调(含模拟乘法器与四阶Butterworth低通滤波...