Life expectancy of a 24-V, 15-Ah sealed lead-acid aircraft battery

This paper presents the results of cycle life testing F24-V, 15-Ah sealed lead-acid batteries intended for use the B-1B aircraft. Test samples were procured from two different manufacturers and subjected to cycle testing at 33% and 100% depth-of-discharge (DOD). The cycle life at 33% DOD ranged from 500 to 750 cycles. The cycle life at 100% DOD ranged from 160 to 260 cycles     

遗传算法在航空发动机非线性数学模型中的应用

收敛性是航空发动机非线性数学模型的重要指标。现有发动机平衡方程迭代解法还不能保证模型大范围收敛。以某涡扇发动机为对象,采用遗传算法求解发动机非线性数学模型,将模型中的发动机平衡方程求解转换为极小值优化问题,建立了遗传算法计算模型,重点分析了采用遗传算法求解的适应度函数设计方法。数值仿真结果表明,与牛顿-拉夫逊解法相比,采用遗传算法方法可实现模型大范围收敛。     

iSIGHT优化方法在涡轮叶片冷却设计中的应用

针对现有航空发动机涡轮叶片内冷结构的快速改进,在对叶片冷却设计方法集成的基础上,建立了一类冷却叶片的优化模型,并成功将该优化模型应用在航空发动机涡轮叶片设计中。结果表明,在相同冷却空气用量下,叶片表面最高温度降低了72.4℃,叶片温差减小了110.4℃,优化效果明显。同时,将近似技术成功应用到叶片优化设计中,提高了任务分析效率,为现有发动机涡轮叶片快速改进提供了一种有效手段。     

Investigation of power gas turbine drives on the basis of mathematical models

A method for investigation of power gas turbine drives on the basis of mathematical models that makes it possible to enhance an information content and precision of existing techniques of power audit is proposed.     

后缘发散翼型在宽体客机机翼设计中的应用

用计算流体力学手段,研究了在宽体客机机翼剖面上施加后缘发散修形设计可获得的收益.提出了一种使用幂函数表达扰动量的后缘发散修形设计方法,使用该方法研究了扰动幂次和后缘厚度对超临界翼型气动性能的影响规律,并对比了雷诺数4×106和2×107下后缘厚度对翼型阻力、力矩影响的差异.研究结果表明,后缘厚度是后缘发散翼型的关键参数,相同后缘厚度下雷诺数2×107的减阻效果不及雷诺数4×106.雷诺数2×107下,考虑跨声速减阻、亚声速增阻和低头力矩等因素后,后缘厚度取3‰c左右较为有利.尝试了后缘发散设计的两种应用思路,一是用来换取翼型厚度增加,二是用来调整机翼载荷分布.在翼型设计应用中,发现后缘厚度增加2‰c的修形量可使得最大相对厚度10.2％的超临界翼型在厚度放大到11.5％后仍具有不低于初始的升阻性能.在某宽体客机机翼方案上应用内翼1‰c和外翼2‰c的后缘厚度增量后,机翼-机身-短舱-吊挂构型可获得超过2?counts(1?count?=?阻力系数0.0001)的阻力下降,而不付出机翼厚度和阻力发散性能代价.     

亚跨超风洞现代试验设计方法研究

开展了基于现代试验设计方法(MDOE)的亚跨超风洞试验研究,以八号标模尾翼为试验对象研究其气动特性,采用同时改变攻角-侧滑角的多变量方法,而不是传统的单变量(OFAT)方法进行试验。对自变量攻角和侧滑角进行试验设计(DOE),应用响应面法建模,用IV-最优方法对测量点分布进行设计。在FD-12亚跨超风洞完成了试验,并和传统的OFAT方法结果进行比较分析。结果表明:MDOE方法获得的数据和传统的OFAT方法的数据吻合很好;MDOE采集样点数减少了46%,吹风的时间比OFAT减少30%左右,提高了风洞试验效率,缩短了试验周期;MDOE试验方法可以给出设计空间内任意给定自变量对应的响应值及其置信区间。     

Applications of numerical optimization techniques to design of axial compressor blades

This paper describes the shape optimization of NASA rotor 37 and rotor and stator blades in a single-stage transonic axial compressor.Shape optimization of the blades operating at the design flow condition has been performed using the response surface method and three-dimensional Navier-Stokes analysis.Thin-layer approximation is introduced to the Navier-Stokes equations,and an explicit Runge-Kutta scheme is used to solve the governing equations.The three design variables,blade sweep,lean and skew,are introduced to optimize the three-dimensional stacking line of the blades.The objective function of the shape optimization is an adiabatic efficiency.Throughout the optimization of rotor and stator blades, optimal blade shape can be obtained.It is noted the increase of adiabatic efficiency by optimization of the blade shape with the stacking line in the single-stage transonic axial compressor is more effective in a rotor blade rather than a stator blade because of the large deformation of blade shape in the stator blade.      

Applications of structural efficiency assessment method on structural-mechanical characteristics integrated design in aero-engines

In the design process of advanced aero-engines, it is necessary to carry out an effective analysis method between structural features and mechanical characteristics for a better structural optimization. Based on the structural composition and functions of aero-engines, the concept and contents of structural efficiency can reflect the relation between structural features and mechanical characteristics. In order to achieve the integrated design of structural and mechanical characteristics, one quantitative analysis method called Structural Efficiency Assessment Method (SEAM) was put forward. The structural efficiency coefficient was obtained by synthesizing the parameters to quantitatively evaluate the aero-engine structure design level. Parameterization method to evaluate structural design quality was realized. After analyzing the structural features of an actual dual-rotor system in typical high bypass ratio turbofan engines, the mechanical characteristics and structural efficiency coefficient were calculated. Structural efficiency coefficient of high-pressure rotor (0.43) is higher than that of low-pressure rotor (0.29), which directly shows the performance of the former is better, there is room for improvement in structural design of the low-pressure rotor. Thus the direction of structural optimization was pointed out. The applications of SEAM shows that the method is operational and effective in the evaluation and improvement of structural design.     

薄壁构件试验模型的动力学相似设计方法

针对由薄壁构件相似模型试验结果预测原型动力学特性的问题,建立了统一的数学模型,并基于方程分析法推导了动力学相似关系.通过对薄壳单元进行受力分析,推导得到薄壁构件的微分方程,并通过微分方程得到完全几何相似模型可准确预测原型动力学特性的相似关系.在建立薄壁构件结构参数对固有频率的敏感性与相似因子指数的比值关系基础上,提出薄壁构件不完全几何相似模型与原型的动力学相似关系(即畸变相似关系)的确定方法.最后给出基于敏感性分析的薄壁构件精确畸变相似关系设计流程,为薄壁构件相似试验模型的设计及动力学特性的预测提供参考.     

大型水陆两栖飞机特殊任务模式对总体设计的挑战

面向森林灭火和水上救援任务设计的大型水陆两栖飞机，由于其特殊的任务模式，给设计工作带来了许多全新的挑战。首先，分析了国内森林灭火和水上救援的需求，并介绍了对应的任务模式。然后，总结了在型号研制过程中不同于常规飞机的特殊设计和相应的解决方法，具体包括：以国内供应商为主体的构型管理体系的建立、气水动一体化设计、全新的起落架布局设计、任务系统集成和效能评估、驾驶舱集成设计、设备布置和腐蚀防护设计。最后，提出了在适航审定和集成应用方面仍需重点关注的4个研究方向。     

Continuing challenges in lithium battery development

In these days of emphasizing standardization, Acquisition Reform, Non-Developed Items (NDI) and Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) technologies, we are facing new challenges associated with these trends. Program managers are pressured to use a standard or COTS battery, while simultaneously, the new systems being developed have increasingly complex and demanding power requirements. Hardware must be developed with shorter schedules, and policies of Acquisition Reform limit the amount of control the government has over the development of a given item. In this paper, we review battery development efforts that have resulted in unexpected problems. Relevant data from both current and past test programs are presented. Recommendations are provided concerning how to best avoid duplication of effort, while ensuring that the final product will have the best chances of succeeding     

An inverse design method for supercritical airfoil based on conditional generative models

Inverse design has long been an efficient and powerful design tool in the aircraft industry.In this paper, a novel inverse design method for supercritical airfoils is proposed based on generative models in deep learning. A Conditional Variational Auto Encoder(CVAE) and an integrated generative network CVAE-GAN that combines the CVAE with the Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks(WGAN), are conducted as generative models. They are used to generate target wall Mach distributions for the inve...     

数理逻辑在排队论中的应用

在科学研究和工程技术中，排队论(又称搏奕论)有着广泛的应用，本文将数理逻辑，确切地说是命题逻辑中关于对偶和析取范式、合取范式的理论，应用于排队论中，给出了一个排队论的解法，从而可以解决生产实践中的相关问题。     

基于代理模型的二元收扩喷管流道型面优化设计

在二元收扩（2D-CD）喷管设计参数对喷管气动性能影响研究的基础上,以获得尽可能高的喷管推力系数为目标,以喉道宽高比、喉道型面半径比、收敛半角和扩张半角为设计变量,对二元收扩喷管的流道型面进行了优化设计。设计过程中,利用正交试验设计方法确定初始样本点,建立喷管推力系数与设计参数间的Kriging代理模型,采用自适应模拟退火算法（ASA）对代理模型进行分析求解。结果表明,二元收扩喷管的优化型面参数为:喉道宽高比为6,喉道型面半径比为0.3,收敛半角为15°,扩张半角为5.64°,此时最大推力系数为0.97847,流量系数为0.98778.      

Stochastic battery discharge in portable communication devices

The objective of this work is to explore ways in which performance of battery systems can be enhanced through the use of energy-efficient battery management techniques. The phenomenon of charge recovery that takes place under pulsed discharge conditions is identified as a mechanism that can be exploited to enhance the capacity of a cell in a portable communication device. The bursty nature of many data traffic sources suggests that data transmissions in communication devices may provide natural opportunities for charge recovery. We model the data source as a stochastic process and let the cell discharge be driven by such a process. We use a model of a dual lithium ion insertion cell to identify the improvement to cell capacity that results from the stochastic discharge. The insight from this study leads us to propose discharge shaping techniques that tradeoff energy efficiency with delay in the required current supply     

Structure of technological-purpose automation models by the example of a computer-aided design system of labor standards

Structures of models for computer-aided calculation of cutting conditions and time standards for the NORMA computer-aided design system of labor standards (CADS LS) are described.     

RMI原则在数学计算中的应用

本文叙述了RMI原则的一些基本概念,例举了RMI原则在数学分析、线性代数、积分变换和概率论中的应用。     

Demonstration of a zinc bromine battery in an electric vehicle

The zinc bromine battery is a high energy density battery that utilizes low cost materials. The battery is of unique construction utilizing plastic storage tanks for the zinc bromide electrolyte and plastic bipolar electrode stacks. This paper briefly describes the zinc bromine battery technology and the experience gained in installing and operating an electric vehicle with this advanced system. The described electric vehicle (The “T-Star”) was tested in March 1993 on the Chrysler Proving Grounds in Phoenix, Arizona and it participated in the May 1993 American Tour de Sol capturing second place over all and first place in the student division     

模拟退火算法和POD降阶模态计算在翼型反设计中的应用

在翼型反设计中用模拟退火算法作为寻找目标函数极值的优化算法;对翼型流场的计算采用基于正交分解(Proper Orthogonal Decomposition-POD)的降阶模态,这种方法可以降低流场反复计算所需的大量机时。本文将二者结合,并应用到翼型反设计领域,对几个给定翼型压力分布反求翼型表面。计算结果表明本文方法是可行的,且优化算法具有全局优化和鲁棒性强等特点。此外,本文提出了用扰动翼型函数的方法形成POD降阶模态中的快照,利用这些快照形成的基模态,拓展了加鼓包函数方法的表达范围。