基于锁相环的光电振荡器频率稳定化研究

通过构建小数分频锁相环,将一个工作于X波段的OEO(OptoElectronic Oscillator,光电振荡器)与OCXO(Oven-Controlled Crystal Oscillator,恒温晶体振荡器)进行锁相,得到了输出信号相位噪声和长期频率稳定度的提升。从PLL(Phase-Locked Loop,锁相环)环路传输特性出发,理论分析了PLL输出信号环路带宽内相位噪声水平和作用范围。为降低OEO整体的相位噪声,采用SIL(Self-Injection-Locking,自注入锁定)使OEO在10Hz~10kHz频偏处的相位噪声得到20dB以上的抑制。在此基础上将此SIL OEO与一个频率为100 MHz的OCXO锁相,获得了频率为9.95GHz、相位噪声为-55dBc/Hz@10Hz和-124dBc/Hz@10kHz的微波信号输出,其频率的重叠阿伦方差在100s平均时间内达到1.14×10~(-11),证明了提出的方案对提升OEO频率稳定性具有一定的实际意义。     

无人机高速DS/FH混合扩频通信系统关键模块设计

针对UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,无人机)测控链路高抗干扰需求,给出了实现跳频速率20 000次/s的扩跳混合无人机测控数据链系统实现方案.系统采用跳频频率并行捕获模式.跳频源设计采用直接频率合成、DDS(Direct Digital Synthesis,直接数字频率合成)和PLL (Phase-Locked Loop,锁相环)相结合的混合频率合成技术.利用相位响应滤波器,通过正交调制技术完成MSK(Minimum Shift Keying,最小频移键控)、GMSK (GaussianMinimum Shift Keying,高斯最小频移键控)调制.通过推导得出2 bit差分解调输出与载波频率选择有关,且为四分之数据率的整数倍关系.然后通过实例分析给出了跳频频率间隔选取方法,即跳频间隔应当将临近跳频的主瓣分开,同时跳频载波频率应当设在其他跳频频谱的零点处.最后总结了高速扩跳频系统参数设计一般步骤.     

统一测控系统接收机错锁智能识别与自主处理

统一测控系统接收机采取了一定的方法防止伪码捕获跟踪环和载波锁相环错锁,但是在航天器测控过程中,错锁仍然发生。通过分析伪码捕获跟踪环和载波锁相环错锁的原因,提出对错锁的智能识别方法和自主处理措施,以增强系统工作的可靠性,提高扩频统一测控系统的测控成功率。     

一种低噪声和高精度的频率合成技术

介绍了锁相环(PLL)技术和直接数字式频率合成(DDS)技术的基本工作原理,给出了一种提高DDS输出频率精度及减小其相位截断误差的方法。     

深空测控系统中的射电星校相方法

深空测控系统要求具有角度自跟踪功能,而和差双通道跟踪体制下测控设备在任务前需要进行校相。传统校相依赖标校塔,深空测控系统天线口径大,无法建造满足远场条件的标校塔,从而只能采用其他校相方案。本文通过分析校相过程的机理,并结合射电星具有全天候、分布广、星历精确已知的特点,得到了利用射电星校相的方法。通过前期大量试验证明了该方法的可行性,并已确定应用于深空测控系统的研制。     

一种宽带高速跳频载波频综结构的设计

将DDS（直接数字合成）与PLL（锁相环）频率合成技术相结合,采用多环并列流水线结构,设计出混合扩/跳频系统的载波频率综合单元。利用DDS技术可实现频率分辨率高、转换时间快等要求,利用PLL技术可实现杂散抑制性能高、扩展宽带等要求,并采用多环并列硬件结构保证了系统的跳变速度和宽频带指标。经闭环测试平台的测试,系统达到350～1800MHz带宽可变,频率跳变速度10 000跳/s可变,杂散抑制优于-80dBc。文章首先给出详细的硬件设计方案及其实现,同时理论分析了个各项指标的优化,最后给出闭环测试平台的搭建以及最终测试结果。     

基于MC145152的VOR地面信标模仿仪频率合成器的设计与实现

提出了VOR地面信标模仿仪对频率合成器的要求,介绍了集成锁相环芯片MC145152的工作特性,验证了基于MC145152的PLL频率合成器在VOR地面信标模仿仪中的设计与实现的有效性。测试结果证明设计的合理性与实用性,系统频率稳定度优于10-7。     

机载甚高频通信系统中的频率合成技术

本文介绍了吞食脉冲式锁相环频率合成器的基本原理，说明了机载甚高频通信系统中可变分变器的工作。     

外激作用下自激热声系统的非线性动力学响应

在高温高压燃烧实验台上,以频率ff为78~716Hz,幅值A为0.026~0.629的外激信号激励有自激响应的同心分层旋流部分预混预蒸发火焰热声系统,研究其非线性动力学响应。结果表明:系统的自激频率fn为366.85Hz;当外激频率和自激频率的比值为1.022, 幅值A为0.629时,火焰主要被外激频率其谐波控制,其状态轨迹密集在很窄的封闭带中;当外激频率和自激频率的比值与A在其他的范围时,火焰不仅在ff和fn处响应,还在谐频、结合频和分频处响应。说明当外激幅值足够大并且外激频率靠近自激频率时,火焰发生锁相;当火焰未锁相时,出现了谐频、结合频以及分频的非线性响应,火焰准周期振荡。受迫范德波尔振荡器模型能够预测锁相、奇数谐频以及结合频2fn±ff。      

深空测控通信载波信号二维FFT捕获技术

针对深空测控通信系统中,地面站接收信号的信噪比低、频率动态大,载波信号捕获难度较大的问题,提出一种基于频率和频率变化率进行二维FFT(快速傅里叶变换)搜索的深空载波信号捕获技术,同时结合工程应用提出一种基于时分复用结构的实现方法,并进行仿真。仿真结果表明,该捕获技术在低信噪比和高动态适应能力方面具有优异的性能,能够在载噪比为16dBHz时,完成对频率变化率为800Hz/s的信号快速捕获,其技术成果可应用于我国深空测控通信系统。     

基于MC145152-2芯片的频率合成器的设计

主要介绍了频率合成芯片MC145152—2的主要特征、功能以及工作原理。运用MC145152—2芯片设计1800MHz频率合成器电路,从器件选取、参数分析、硬件电路构成等方面介绍了1800MHz频率合成器电路,试验测试中验证电路具有较低的相位噪声和较高的频率稳定度,与传统的频率合成器电路相比,性能有了很大的提高。     

Random Characteristics of the Type II Phase-Locked Loop

The results of a study of the characteristics of the second-order Type II phase-locked loop with a Gaussian noise input, and obtained by digital computer simulation, are presented. The digital simulation is described and the random state variables are defined such that their characteristics can be interpreted in terms of existing phase portraits of autonomous phase-locked loops. The statistics associated with the state variables, which are phase error and a measure of frequency error, and those associated with the number of cycles skipped and the mean time to unlock, are given.     

Noise Performance of a Gated Phase-Locked Loop

The objectives of this paper are two. The first is to show that a gated phase-locked loop (GPLL) is a tracking device whose operation approximates that of a maximum likelihood estimator of the phase of a pulsed sinusoid imbedded in noise. The second is to determine the behavior of theb loop in the presence of noise. It is found that the loop performance is equivalent to that of a continuous phase-locked loop driven by the same noise, plus a continuous sinusoid which has the same power as the pulsed sinusoid at the input of the GPLL.     

Noise Dynamics of the Phase-Locked Loop with Signal Clipping

Employing techniques similar to the averaging methods of Krylov and Bogoliubov, an approximate noise analysis of the phase-locked loop with signal clipping is presented. The validity of the method is demonstrated by comparing the stationary probability density function for the phase error, generated by a system simulation, with the derived theoretical results. The latter portion of the paper discusses the relation of the phase-locked loop to Kalman-Bucy filter theory and presents a demodulator design that illustrates the self-adaptive properties attainable in phase-locked loops with signal clipping.     

Cycle slip performance of digitally implemented phase detectors onAWGN channel

Cycle slip performance of digitally implemented phase detectors on additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is investigated. The performance measure evaluated is the mean cycle slip time of a first-order phase-locked loop. An equivalent phase detector model with state-dependent loop noise is employed. It is shown that this working basis is vital to arrive at correct results. Numerical results for triangular and saw-tooth type phase detectors are reported and compared with those for the multiplier phase detector     

基于MC145152的VOR地面信标模仿仪频率合成器的设计与实现

本文提出了VOR地面信标模仿仪对频率合成器的要求,介绍了集成锁相环芯片MC145152的工作特性,验证了基于MC145152的PLL频率合成器在VOR地面信标模仿仪中的设计与实现的有效性。     

Optimum Strategies for Minimum Time Frequency Transitions in Phase-Locked Loops

Pontryagin's maximum principle is applied to minimize the time for a phase-locked loop to lock to a step change in frequency. In particular, a Type II phase-locked loop is considered in detail. Phase control and frequency control of the input signal are analyzed with the nonlinearity of the phase detector taken into consideration. It is shown that application of Pontryagin's maximum principle offers a decided advantage in shortening this time by proper control.     

Interferences in Phase-Locked Loops

An analysis of the behavior of a second-order phase-locked loop is presented when an unwanted signal is added to the useful signal. Both signals are sinusoidal and unmodulated, and the analysis is made in the absence of additive noise. When the loop remains locked on the useful signal, a parasitic signal exists at the phase detector output. This signal produces a parasitic phase modulation of the VCO and a static phase error in the loop. The parasitic signal amplitude, the parasitic phase modulation index, and the static phase error are calculated. A necessary condition for the loop to remain in lock is derived. When the loop is initially unlocked, locking can occur either on the useful signal or on the unwanted signal, depending on the amplitude ratio and the frequency difference of the two signals. A formula allowing one to compute the pull-in time is obtained. When the loop locks on the useful signal, acquisition can be slower or faster than in the absence of an unwanted signal. The same phenomenon is observed when the loop locks on the unwanted signal.     

Frequency estimation techniques for high dynamic trajectories

A comparison is presented of four different estimation techniques applied to the problem of continuously estimating the rapidly varying parameters of a sinusoidal signal, observed in the presence of additive noise. Frequency estimates are emphasized, although phase and/or frequency rate are also estimated by some of the algorithms. These parameters are related to the velocity, position, and acceleration of the maneuvering receiver or transmitter. Estimated performance at low carrier-to-noise ratios and high dynamics is investigated for the purpose of determining the useful operating range of an approximate maximum likelihood estimator, an extended Kalman filter, a cross-product automatic frequency loop and a phase-locked loop. Numerical simulations are used to evaluate performance while tracking a common trajectory exhibiting high dynamics     

干涉仪锁相环等效噪声带宽高精度测量的仿真实现

本文论述了通过MATLAB软件对干涉仪锁相环及其等效噪声带宽测量的建模和仿真，验证了实现干涉仪锁相环等效噪声带宽高精度测量的正确性和可行性。