主被动多传感器多目标状态信息融合

研究了主被动多传感器多目标状态信息融合问题。针对被动式跟踪的特点,借助主动跟踪的距离通道值,提出类主动的被动式跟踪。在此基础上提出主被动串联状态信息融合和并联状态信息融合算法。仿真结果表明两种状态信息融合方法都可以大大提高跟踪精度,同时还可以提高系统的可靠性。     

机载探测设备目标识别算法的研究

针对机载探测设备多传感器系统具有多目标,大量观测数据的特点,提出了一种基于Demp-ster-Shafer（D-S）证据理论和主观Bayesian方法组合的数据融合算法。在数据融合过程中,为保证融合的实时性,融合系统采用时域融合和空域融合相结合的方法,首先对相同传感器的各次抽样值进行时域融合,然后传感器之间的融合采用D-S方法进行融合;最后,其融合结果经概率转化后,与来自于ELINT（Electronic Intelligence）的信息通过主观Bayesian方法进行识别级融合。最后给出一个实例,经过仿真计算证明了该算法的可行性和实用性。     

数据库技术在多传感器信息融合系统中的应用综述

数据库技术在多传感器信息融合系统中占有非常重要的地位。论文以数据库对融合算法的支持为目标,以数据库模型和数据融合数据库的全面设计为基础,在全面考虑面向特征的数据表征形式和组织结构的基础上,详细讨论了多传感器信息融合系统中数据库设计的基本理论,讨论了融合算法对数据库的需求和数据库设计,设计了辐射源识别的知识数据库。     

综合航电设备多传感器多级数据融合的敌我属性估计

介绍了C^4 ISR系统中多传感器数据融合的特点和一种空战融合模式,结合实例说明了多传感器各自对目标信息的测量结果进行融合处理,推导了单传感器和多传感器未知命题的周期融合的可信度分配,并根据概率分布函数求出我机和敌机的置信度和拟信度,进行了验证和分析。分析表明,多传感器数据融合可以较全面准确地识别空中目标,达到对目标属性的准确估计。     

基于CKF的联合扩维误差配准算法

误差配准是多传感器信息融合的基础。为解决机载多平台多传感器的误差配准问题,研究并提出了一种基于容积卡尔曼滤波(CKF)的联合扩维误差配准算法。在算法实现中,首先采用状态矢量维数扩展方法建立非线性滤波框架下的系统误差配准模型,其次根据误差配准模型对各传感器的测量系统误差及各平台的姿态角系统误差进行估计,最后通过CKF滤波实现对状态预测值的修正,改善系统误差对滤波精度的影响。仿真结果表明,所提出的算法能够有效融合利用多传感器的测量信息,实现对多传感器系统误差及目标状态的实时联合精确估计。     

加权D—S证据理论在多平台数据融合中的应用

D—s证据理论在多平台、多传感器目标识别中有着广泛的应用。利用多平台协同数据融合系统的优势,解决了单一平台获取目标信息上的不足。对各平台传感器获取信息采用证据加权的方法,以获得较好的传感器可信度基本概率赋值,提高D—S证据理论在多传感器目标识别上的准确性。实验证明了方法的正确性和有效性。     

多传感器协同探测证据理论分类融合方法

随着智能化、网络化集群作战等理念和技术的兴起,精确制导武器越来越向智能化、协同化方向发展。多传感器协同探测能够针对不同的探测任务背景和作战需求,提升目标探测性能,还可以跨域整合多种探测平台。但是由于信息的不确定性等特点,使得多传感器数据直接融合可能造成决策困难。因此,在证据理论体系下对信息融合的有效性进行合理分析与度量是很有必要的。提出了一种基于Deng熵的证据理论分类融合算法,以熵减为主要思想,将证据进行分类融合。在决策过程中,将含有证据数最多的类别融合结果作为总体融合结果,避免高冲突证据的影响,提升融合结果的信息有效性。采用算例说明了所提方法不仅能够得到合理正确的结果,并且融合可靠性较高,便于决策与后续的信息处理。     

一种面向复杂体系作战的多源信息融合处理方法

研讨了面向复杂体系化作战的信息融合技术，提出了一种基于中心航迹关联的融合架构，设计了面 向多源异构数据的信息融合处理方法。经过多机飞行场景下的数据仿真测试，能够有效解决多源传感器多目标 环境下目标关联判断问题。     

多传感器数据融合在光电经纬仪目标分离段跟踪的应用研究

针对光电经纬仪在目标分离段容易跟踪假目标的问题,提出应用多传感器数据融合方法实现目标分离段的假目标识别。在目标分离前,根据实测的目标轨迹数据通过理论弹道修正算法计算出理论弹道的误差修正量;在目标分离时,利用得出的误差修正量修正目标的理论弹道,并采用模糊聚类关联算法判断各传感器目标测量数据与修正后的目标理论弹道的相关性,从而识别出测量数据是否来自假目标。实验结果表明该方法能够有效地区分出真假目标,判别结果作为跟踪系统及目标识别系统决策依据,有效提高了目标分离段跟踪成功概率。     

基于量测一致性的分布式多传感器多目标跟踪算法

针对无线传感器网络跟踪多目标过程中传感器能搭载的计算负荷有限,不宜采用复杂算法实现数据处理的问题,提出了一种基于量测一致性的分布式多传感器多目标跟踪算法。算法采用计算相对简易的最近邻域法处理多目标跟踪中的数据互联问题,针对最近邻域法容易受杂波干扰的情况,通过量测的平均一致性迭代来改进算法的性能。仿真结果证明,算法具备有效抑制因误判产生的错误量测对跟踪过程干扰的性能,实现了良好的传感器网络跟踪精度和估计信息一致性。     

Performance evaluation of track fusion with information matrixfilter

In a multisensor environment, each sensor detects multiple targets and creates corresponding tracks. Fusion of tracks from these, possibly dissimilar, sensors yields more accurate kinematic and attribute information regarding the target. Two methodologies have been employed for such purpose, which are: measurement fusion and state vector fusion. It is well known that the measurement fusion approach is optimal but computationally inefficient and the state vector fusion algorithms are more efficient but suboptimal, in general. This is so because the state vector estimates to be fused obtained from two sensors, are not conditionally independent in general due to the common process noise from the target being tracked. It is to be noted that there are three approaches to state vector fusion, which are: weighted covariance, information matrix, and pseudomeasurement. This research is restricted solely to performance evaluation of the information matrix form of state vector fusion. Closed-form analytical solution of steady state fused covariance has been derived as a measure of performance using this approach. Note that the results are derived under the assumptions that the two sensors are synchronized and no misassociation or merged measurement is considered in the study. Results are compared with those using Monte Carlo simulation, which was used in the past to predict fusion system performance by various authors. These results provide additional insight into the mechanism of track fusion and greatly simplify evaluation of fusion performance. In addition, availability of such a solution facilitates the trade-off studies for designing fusion systems under various operating conditions     

基于序贯关联算法的多目标无源跟踪

基于序贯关联算法,对多目标无源跟踪问题进行了研究。在只有角度信息可以利用的情况下,首先,利用波门技术对各个无源传感器角度测量数据进行关联和滤波,形成参数航迹;然后,将各个无源传感器的参数航迹送到融合中心进行关联配对,并在关联过程中通过构造关联质量函数对参数航迹的关联历史情况进行度量,解决参数航迹关联模糊问题;最后,通过对关联成功的参数航迹进行交叉定位,给出多个不同目标的位置信息,实现分布式无源系统对多目标的数据关联和跟踪,并通过仿真分析,对算法的有效性和可行性进行验证。     

Optimal Decision Fusion in Multiple Sensor Systems

The problem of optimal data fusion in the sense of the Neyman-pearson (N-P) test in a centralized fusion center is considered. The fusion center receives data from various distributed sensors. Each sensor implements a N-P test individually and independently of the other sensors. Due to limitations in channel capacity, the sensors transmit their decision instead of raw data. In addition to their decisions, the sensors may transmit one or more bits of quality information. The optimal, in the N-P sense, decision scheme at the fusion center is derived and it is seen that an improvement in the performance of the system beyond that of the most reliable sensor is feasible, even without quality information, for a system of three or more sensors. If quality information bits are also available at the fusion center, the performance of the distributed decision scheme is comparable to that of the centralized N-P test. Several examples are provided and an algorithm for adjusting the threshold level at the fusion center is provided.     

Passive sonar fusion for submarine C2 systems

The most important sensors for gathering target information onboard a submarine are passive sonars. Problems concerning fusion of these passive sonars are discussed. Three typical passive sonars-passive noise sonar, passive ranging sonar and acoustic pulse surveillance sonar-constitute a passive sonar system for data fusion. This paper is concerned mainly with problems of significance in system development, such as tactical application background, special fusion techniques and own-ship maneuver considerations     

Smart sensor Web: tactical battlefield visualization using sensor fusion

Smart sensor Web (SSW) is a recent DUSD (S&T) initiative inspired by extraordinary technological advances in sensors and microelectronics and by the emergence of the Internet as a real-time communication tool. The overall vision for SSW is an intelligent, Web-centric distribution and fusion of sensor information that provides greatly enhanced situational awareness, on demand, to warfighters at lower echelons. Emphasis is on multi-sensor fusion of large arrays of local sensors, joined with other assets, to provide real-time imagery, weather, targeting information, mission planning, and simulations for military operations on land, sea, and air. This paper gives an overview of this new initiative, highlights some of the technology challenges in sensor/information fusion, and presents a program approach for near-term demonstrations and long-term solutions, involving the DoD, National Labs, commercial industry, and academia.     

Sensor fusion for intelligent alarm analysis

The purpose of an intelligent alarm analysis system is to provide complete and manageable information to a central alarm station operator by applying alarm processing and fusion techniques to sensor information. This paper discusses the sensor fusion approach taken to perform intelligent alarm analysis for the Advanced Exterior Sensor (AES). The AES is an intrusion detection and assessment system designed for wide-area coverage, quick deployment, low false/nuisance alarm operation, and immediate visual assessment. It combines three sensor technologies (visible, infrared, and millimeter wave radar) collocated on a compact and portable remote sensor module. The remote sensor module rotates at a rate of 1 revolution per second to detect and track motion and provide assessment in a continuous 360° field-of-regard. Sensor fusion techniques are used to correlate and integrate the track data from these three sensors into a single track for operator observation. Additional inputs to the fusion process include environmental data, knowledge of sensor performance under certain weather conditions, sensor priority, and recent operator feedback. A confidence value is assigned to the track as a result of the fusion process. This helps to reduce nuisance alarms and to increase operator confidence in the system while reducing the workload of the operator     

The modeling and estimation of asynchronous multirate multisensor dynamic systems

An asynchronous data fusion problem based on a kind of multirate multisensor dynamic system is studied. The system is observed by multirate sensors independently, with the state model known at the finest scale. Under the assumption that the sampling rates of sensors decrease successively by any positive integers, the discrete dynamic system models are established based on each single sensor and an asynchronous multirate multisensor state fusion estimation algorithm is presented. Theoretically, the estimate is proven to be unbiased and the optimal in the sense of linear minimum covariance, the fused estimate is better than the Kalman filtering results based on each single sensor, and the accuracy of the fused estimate will decrease if any of the sensors' information is neglected. The feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm are shown through simulations.     

基于证据理论的模糊信息融合及其在目标识别中的应用

信息融合系统中的不确定性信息常常表现为模糊性和随机性信息。提出了一种在证据理论框架下实现模糊信息融合的方法。该方法首先基于随机集理论刻画模糊信息的隶属函数,获得了模糊观测下具有概然特性的似然函数,该似然函数表示在收集的模糊信息下确定为某一目标的可能性,在数值上表示了传感器信息对某一命题支持的程度,利用似然函数确定传感器输出的基本概率指派,最后利用Dempster-Shafer组合规则实现多传感器信息融合。     

基于改进D-S证据理论的航空发动机转子故障决策融合诊断研究

针对单一传感器的测量信息难以准确、全面地反映航空发动机转子、轴承和齿轮的工作状况,进而造成振动故障诊断难度大的问题,提出安装多个振动传感器组成传感器网络,建立基于多传感器信息的发动机转子故障决策融合诊断系统。由于多传感器系统不可避免地会存在各传感器信息不一致、信息冲突的情形,因此针对该融合诊断系统的信号测量、信息预处理、特征提取、故障诊断及决策融合5个环节,重点研究了决策融合环节的Dempster-Shafer（D-S）证据决策融合方法存在的冲突证据融合失效问题。通过分析原因,从避免“一票否决”现象和证据加权平均两个方面进行改进,提出了改进D-S证据融合方法,并应用于航空发动机转子的模拟故障决策融合诊断中。结果表明基于D-S证据理论对3个传感器的单一诊断结果进行决策融合,能得到比任一单个传感器更准确、可靠的结果;而改进D-S证据融合方法由于能在一定程度上克服冲突证据融合带来的失效问题,且能同时兼顾处理好非冲突证据的融合,故其对于证据冲突和非冲突情形都取得了较好的融合效果,因此总的分类正确率要高于常规D-S算法和PCR5算法。