SJ-17卫星LHT-100霍尔电推进系统飞行试验工作性能评价

为了验证霍尔电推进系统的空间环境适应性、与航天器的相互兼容性、空间工作特性及空间飞行性能与地面数据的差异性,LHT-100霍尔电推进系统搭载SJ-17新技术验证卫星开展了在轨飞行试验,对霍尔电推进系统在轨飞行试验结果进行了详细评价。结果表明:在整个飞行试验期间LHT-100霍尔电推进系统各项工作性能参数符合设计指标要求,其中推力79.5m N,比冲1531s,系统功率低于1.527k W,单次长时间工作8h,在轨系统开关机次数大于24次,在轨累计点火时间超过3028min,在轨飞行试验数据与地面试验数据具有很好的一致性。     

空间机械臂技术综述及展望

介绍了国外空间机械臂在轨技术验证与工程应用的概况,从任务类型、构型配置、末端执行器与操作方式方面分析了空间机械臂技术的发展趋势。综述了空间机械臂的任务规划、系统控制、路径规划、视觉感知、末端执行器、遥操作控制及地面试验验证7项关键技术。介绍了中国试验七号与天宫二号空间机械臂在轨验证情况,重点介绍了正在研制的中国空间站机械臂基本方案。最后,总结了目前空间机械臂技术存在的问题,并对中国未来空间机械臂技术发展提出了建议。     

空间机械臂三维全物理地面试验方法研究

空间机械臂为七自由度冗余机械臂,在轨操作任务和对象多样,空间运动轨迹复杂,性能受重力影响明显;地面模拟零重力环境、支持空间机械臂三维运动一直是地面试验的难点.提出了一种空间机械臂零重力模拟试验方法,利用气足悬浮+悬吊的方法实现了空间机械臂三维空间、七自由度运动的全物理地面模拟,地面试验验证了此零重力模拟方法的有效性.     

空间机械臂地面无应力装配方法研究

空间机械臂在轨工作处于失重状态,各活动关节之间不能因地面装配造成附加力/力矩。为了使地面试验状态与在轨工作状态一致,提出了一种地面无应力装配系统,利用气足悬浮+悬吊的方式实现了产品的柔性装配;在装配过程中通过监视工装上的力传感器受力,结合产品位姿精测结果,按照力控制为主、位置控制为辅的原则进行产品位姿调整,完成了空间机械臂无应力装配。空间机械臂地面试验和在轨验证表明了此无应力装配方法的有效性。     

空间站舱体转位试验系统动力学匹配设计与仿真

针对空间站舱体转位地面试验二维模拟空间三维动力学特性的等效性问题,通过第二类拉格朗日动力学方法,建立起在轨与地面试验系统之间的动力学关系,进行了质量特性匹配性设计。基于设计的质量特性,进行了在轨转位和地面试验转位两种仿真分析,仿真结果表明,在轨与地面动力学仿真结果在趋势和峰值两方面一致性很好,所设计的实验舱模拟器质量特性可以用于地面试验系统的研制。     

空间站机械臂末端执行器抓取试验技术研究

末端执行器安装在空间站机械臂的首尾,是机械臂执行空间任务的核心产品。针对地面难以模拟空间零重力下机械臂末端抓取目标过程的问题,通过对空间抓取机构地面验证系统研究,结合中国空间站机械臂末端执行器地面验证需求,提出了半物理试验验证方案,研制了一套基于Steward并联机构的六自由度半物理验证试验系统。完成了末端执行器捕获容差、抓取质量等性能指标的验证,实现了多工况、复杂边界、大负载、大容差等条件下空间机械臂末端抓取功能性能的地面验证。测试结果显示：末端执行器捕获位置容差不小于100 mm,姿态容差不小于10°,抓取目标质量不小于25 t。结果表明末端执行器捕获容差、抓取目标质量等指标均满足要求,并通过了在轨飞行验证。     

面向空间机械臂任务验证的硬件在环半物理仿真系统研究

针对空间机械臂在轨任务进行高保真地面仿真和验证的需求,搭建了空间机械臂操作任务验证平台(MTVF)系统。该系统基于硬件在环技术,将空间机械臂动力学仿真模型、两台地面模拟机械臂和测量系统通过实时仿真计算机实现软硬件的整合,具有响应速度快、跟踪精度高的特点。开发了闭环稳定算法和阻抗控制算法以保证MTVF系统的高保真性能,并通过搭建仿真计算模型以及设计地面试验等方法对MTVF系统的性能进行验证,结果表明,该系统能够反映真实微重力环境下空间机械臂的动力学特性,能够实现对真实微重力环境下的空间机械臂在轨操作任务进行高保真的地面试验和验证。     

典型载人航天器密封舱结构空间碎片高速撞击声发射定位技术研究

空间站等大型载人航天器因体积大、在轨时间长容易受到空间碎片撞击,作为应对措施,人们提出利用空间碎片在轨感知系统实时监测撞击事件,撞击点定位是在轨感知系统的基本任务之一。为此,本文首先测量了加筋板内s0波波速,根据波速变化规律提出名义波速的概念,在此基础上将虚拟波阵面法推广用于载人密封舱结构,实现对空间碎片撞击事件的精确定位。最后,分别进行了碎片云高速撞击周期性加筋板和空间站小柱段舱壁枪击定位试验,试验结果表明:可将密封舱内声发射信号传播速度视为定值即"名义波速",在此基础上虚拟波阵面法可推广用于密封舱结构。     

卫星热控涂层地面模拟试验与在轨验证比对分析

卫星在轨运行期间,热控涂层要经受空间复杂环境效应的影响,其光学和热控性能逐渐下降,影响卫星可靠性和寿命。本文利用卫星搭载技术,完成热控涂层5年的在轨试验,验证空间多因素环境对热控涂层的影响。同时,利用地面模拟试验装置,模拟空间质子、电子、紫外等5年的辐照剂量对热控涂层的作用。对在轨试验结果进行解读和分析,并与地面模拟试验结果进行比对。结果显示,在搭载试验和地面试验前,热控涂层太阳吸收比（α_s）为0.12,经5年在轨搭载试验后,α_s退化为0.23。经地面模拟试验后,α_s退化为0.22。搭载试验和地面试验的热控涂层性能均呈现线性退化规律,表明在确定的轨道环境和固定的剂量率条件下,热控涂层的退化与环境作用时间正相关,同时验证了地面试验的有效性。     

X射线脉冲星计时导航应用模式与空间试验进展

结合国家导航体系发展与工程应用迫切需求，主要讨论了X射线脉冲星计时导航的应用模式，并介绍了国内外空间试验进展。总结了脉冲星计时地基射电与空间X射线观测的特点和发展现状，阐释了脉冲星时研究与发展的重要意义；总结并归纳了X射线脉冲星导航的应用特点和现有水平，讨论了X射线脉冲星导航的技术优势和典型应用场景；总结了国内外X射线脉冲星计时导航的空间试验进展。根据国内外的空间试验结果，脉冲星时稳定度可达10-14量级，脉冲星导航精度可达到km量级，初步具备在轨应用价值。因此，加快推进国内脉冲星计时导航技术的在轨演示验证与工程应用具有重要意义。     

NETEX UWB test results

The goal of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's (DARPA) Networking in Extreme Environments (NETEX) program is to create a wireless networking technology for the military user that enables robust connectivity in harsh environments and support its integration into new and emerging sensor and communication systems. Phase 1, resulted in a thorough understanding of the effects of ultra wide band (UWB) system operation on existing military spectrum users based on modeling, simulation, and measurements. In order to accomplish this task, the DARPA Advanced Technology Office (ATO) procured a set of UWB emitters and broadband antennas to use as interference sources and contracted with the Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft Division (NAWC AD) Electromagnetic Environmental Effects (E/sup 3/) Division to provide candidate victim systems from the existing (legacy) US naval aircraft and shipboard inventory for testing. Testing was conducted on seventeen legacy systems during October 2002 through March 2003. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the results of these tests. This paper will provide a brief discussion of the UWB emissions as described by the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and describe the generic UWB emitter used for these tests. It will then provide a discussion of the results as they apply to the purpose of the NETEX program.     

空间在轨装配技术综述

代表国家科技实力的空间站、空间望远镜、大型通信天线、空间太阳能电站、在轨燃料补给站、深空探测中转站及地外基地等空间大型平台和基础设施的建设需求日益迫切,如何对此进行智能自主建造是当前的巨大技术挑战。鉴于大型平台与基础设施在未来空间探索中的重要性,国内外航天研究机构均提出并发展了在轨装配的系列技术方案。本文主要对在轨装配研究现状和技术发展情况进行系统地综述。首先分析了有人与无人在轨装配的国内外技术进展,总结了在轨装配技术的发展路线、装配层次与方法;然后在此基础上,详细梳理了在轨装配的技术需求和应用前景,并得出在轨装配的使能关键技术——模块化技术、机器人技术和地面模拟装配技术,预期为中国未来的空间在轨装配研究提供有益的参考。     

An equivalent ground thermal test method for single-phase fluid loop space radiator

Thermal vacuum test is widely used for the ground validation of spacecraft thermal control system. However, the conduction and convection can be simulated in normal ground pressure environment completely. By the employment of pumped fluid loops’ thermal control technology on spacecraft, conduction and convection become the main heat transfer behavior between radiator and inside cabin. As long as the heat transfer behavior between radiator and outer space can be equivalently simulated in normal pressure, the thermal vacuum test can be substituted by the normal ground pressure thermal test. In this paper, an equivalent normal pressure thermal test method for the spacecraft single-phase fluid loop radiator is proposed. The heat radiation between radiator and outer space has been equivalently simulated by combination of a group of refrigerators and thermal electrical cooler(TEC) array. By adjusting the heat rejection of each device, the relationship between heat flux and surface temperature of the radiator can be maintained. To verify this method,a validating system has been built up and the experiments have been carried out. The results indicate that the proposed equivalent ground thermal test method can simulate the heat rejection performance of radiator correctly and the temperature error between in-orbit theory value and experiment result of the radiator is less than 0.5 C, except for the equipment startup period. This provides a potential method for the thermal test of space systems especially for extra-large spacecraft which employs single-phase fluid loop radiator as thermal control approach.     

Sole means navigation in US Navy aircraft

The current edition of the US Federal Radionavigation Plan, issued in 1984, presents a consolidated federal plane on the management of those radionavigation systems which are used by both the civilian and military sectors. It states the US Dept. of Defense (DoD) goal to phase out the use of TACAN, VOR/DME, OMEGA, LORAN C, and TRANSIT in military platforms and for Global Positioning System (GPS) to become the standard radionavigation system for DoD. This would eliminate all the current sole-means air navigation systems (TACAN and VOR/DME) aboard military aircraft. Instrument Flight Rule (IFR) operations within controlled airspace requires an operating sole-means air navigation system to be aboard the aircraft. The authors investigate the requirements for GPS certification as a sole means air navigation system in the US National Airspace System (NAS); discuss the implication for GPS user equipment (UE) hardware and software; describe the actual UE implementation; and discuss approaches for UE integration with flight instruments on US Navy aircraft     

空间信息传输协议测试平台研究

未来空间任务的复杂性不断提高,开发一个低成本的地面综合测试平台环境,通过模拟和仿真以确认、优化和验证空间信息传输的协议体系结构、先进技术和应用服务具有十分重要意义。文章描述了空间信息传输协议测试平台的应用对象和研究目标,提出了总体技术框架和功能组成,以未来月球任务为研究对象,分析了测试平台实验场景及测试方法步骤。     

面向复用的航天测控软件测试用例建模研究

首先阐述了测试复用的基本原理,在对航天测控软件测试可复用资源和复用层次进行分析的基础上,利用现有测试资源,提出了基于用例包的测试用例可复用结构改造技术、基于行业领域主题词的检索技术和测试用例的复用策略,给出了对应的测试用例复用模型,实现了用例有效复用及管理。按该模型构建的航天测控软件测试用例复用库系统对提高测试效率和测试质量具有一定的借鉴意义。     

国外航天发射场的发展趋势

简要介绍了影响航天发射场建设与发展的主要因素,以及国外航天发射场在发射场管理、发射技术发展、发射场改造与现代化、发射场发展远景设想等方面的情况,从军事需求、国际合作、商业化发射和现代化改造等方面探讨了国外航天发射场的发展趋势与特点。     

Using built-in-test to reduce TPS run times and improve TPSreliability

This paper addresses using information derived from Built-in-Test (BIT) to fault diagnose Units Under Test (UUTs), wherever possible. This philosophic approach to diagnostic testing is not new. It has been studied over the past 20 years under the visor of “Integrated Diagnostics”, but it has yet to be truly implemented in a “real life” military diagnostic test environment. The mindset of Test Program Set design engineering, along with customer and contractor management alike, remains “complete diagnostic testing based upon single catastrophic component failure modes”. If we are to generate cost efficient Test Program Sets (TPSs) under reduced military budget constraints, this will have to change! The test engineer must be encouraged to use methodologies to speed up development time and decrease TPS run times. Using present technology, this is possible now, and as the technology matures, will become a truly viable approach in the future. For the purpose of this paper, the author relies heavily on his extensive US Navy Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) and Test Program Set (TPS) experience, as well as on previous studies performed on using BIT to fault diagnose Unit Under Test failures on US Naval Air weapon systems     

Year 2000 impact on automated testing

Both US military and industry rely on automatic testing to verify the quality of manufacture and repair. Many testers still rely on computers designed and manufactured in the early 1980's. This includes systems using embedded controllers. Year 2000 problems can surface in computer operating systems, compilers, test programs, and in embedded systems. Until the impact of the Y2K “bug” is addressed, the risk of test program failure is unknown in most legacy automatic test systems. Problems may include embedded controllers in proprietary designs, old operating systems, and unique test program code. This paper will address the potential problem areas in automatic testing, and suggest an approach for determining the best course of action. In order to evaluate the impact, a complete systems inventory must be done to identify all potential sources of problems. Little attention has been paid to the legacy automated test systems and the potential impact of the Y2K problem on such systems. Although newer systems are less likely to be affected, no one can be sure until a complete inventory and test has been accomplished