改善压气机端区流动的新方法——前缘边条叶片技术

针对压气机叶片进气存在端区附面层扭曲而造成局部大攻角问题,借鉴飞机边条翼理论,阐释了LESB(前缘边条叶片)概念,开发了对主叶片施加修型形成边条叶片的造型方法,从而形成LESB技术.为验证其技术效果,选取折转角为60°的NACA65扩压叶栅进行了LESB修型,在利用叶栅试验数据确认CFD模拟精度及掌握使用经验后,对主流区0°攻角、5°攻角带端区附面层扭曲来流条件下NACA65原型叶片及LESB流场进行了数值模拟,对其中流场结构、性能参数及作用机理进行了分析.结果表明:LESB技术能有效组织端区流场,改善压气机性能,15%叶高的LESB修型在0°攻角、5°攻角下改善区域分别可至30%和40%叶高.      

融合宽度及位置对叶身/端壁融合叶栅性能影响的数值研究

角区分离是制约压气机负荷提升的关键因素,叶身/端壁融合设计(BBEW)可有效组织角区流动,减弱或消除分离。为了研究融合宽度及其弦向位置两个关键设计参数对性能影响,采用经实验校核的数值方法对所设计原型叶栅及9种叶身/端壁融合叶栅进行研究。结果表明:所设计原型叶栅出口下游截面高损失核心区域的展向位置随攻角增大而逐步抬高;叶身/端壁融合叶栅融合位置位于分离点前、后对性能影响孑然不同:融合位置位于分离点前,叶身/端壁融合叶栅效果随来流攻角增加而逐渐显现,在+10°攻角下最佳融合方案可使14%展高处总压损失减小16.2%;但融合位置位于流动分离起始点之后会在全工况内增大损失。融合宽度则存在最佳值,应小于来流附面层厚度。     

边条机翼流态和气动力特性实验研究

本文论述了用油流、测压和测力等实验方法研究得出的边条机翼在低速、跨、超音速情况下的绕流情况和气动力特性;分析了低速时绕边条机翼的附体流、前缘分离和附体流并存、前缘涡和气泡涡并存、旋涡破裂等四种主要流态,在跨、超音速时出现的前缘分离和前缘附着两种主要流动类型,以及它们与气动力特性的关系。文中,结合测压和测力等实验结果,分析了边条机翼气动特性随M数和迎角的变化情况,说明了在中等后掠翼上加边条对于改善大迎角下机翼升阻力特性的作用,并对边条引起的俯仰力矩非线性变化现象,提出了可能的改进方法。     

扩压叶栅角区-吸力面造型设计及流动控制机理

通过数值模拟,分别针对扩压叶栅的设计工况与角区失速工况进行叶身/端壁融合与吸力面优化造型设计,分析其流场结构与性能的变化,并探究两种优化造型对压气机性能改善的机理。优化结果表明:在设计工况下,优化造型吸力面凹陷,使得吸力面附面层厚度变薄,最大端壁融合位置靠近尾缘,角区低能流体在压力梯度的作用下转移并减少,分离结构得到明显控制,损失降低;在角区失速工况下,优化造型吸力面凸起,最大端壁融合位置靠近前缘,使得前缘分离结构显著减弱,当流体在进入吸力面前缘时提前附着,前缘分离区减小甚至消失,损失降低。根据两种造型流场结构特点与控制机理,可构造出在多工况下具有显著作用的叶身-端壁融合造型。     

楔形涡流发生器影响高负荷叶栅性能的机理研究

为探究楔形涡流发生器流动控制技术的作用机理,对一低来流马赫数高负荷扩压叶栅开展数值模拟研究。提出在叶片前缘安装涡流发生器的方案,并对比分析了采用涡流发生器前后叶栅性能及通道内二次流结构的改变。研究结果表明,楔形涡流发生器诱导的吸/压力面涡类似于叶片前缘的马蹄涡,卷吸附面层低能流体,提高其抗逆压梯度能力,进而削弱横向流动,抑制角区分离;涡流发生器的强漩涡结构改善了叶栅通道二次流,使得损失重新分布,叶栅-3°到7°攻角范围内的气动性能显著提升,设计点-1°攻角时平均总压损失系数下降8.04%,平均静压系数增大7.75%,5°攻角时平均总压损失系数下降15.87%,平均静压系数增大21.79%。     

非均匀流等溢流角设计高超侧压进气道

工作在前体附面层内的高超侧壁压缩进气道,来流的非均匀性应该是进气道设计的一个重要依据。按经典的附面层理论和等溢流角设计准则设计了侧壁压缩角为６°,前缘型线为圆弧的变后掠角高超侧压式进气道模型,在Ｍａ５．３／Ｍａ４风洞中利用风洞壁面自然发展的附面层进行非均匀来流下进气道性能试验。试验发现,在相同的来流附面层条件下,圆弧前缘进气道相对于直前缘进气道喉道处的压力畸变小、进气道总压恢复高。     

大弯角串列叶栅间隙效应数值研究

为了将串列叶栅更好地应用于高负荷核心压气机后面级,通过直列叶栅的方法,引入高度倾斜的附面层来流条件,对采用串列叶栅作为核心压气机后面级的静子进行变间隙数值模拟研究.比较低展弦比串列叶栅不同间隙、不同附面层来流条件的叶栅整体性能、尖部载荷及叶尖泄漏涡的发展情况.结果表明：随着间隙增大,叶尖区域堵塞加强,损失加大;倾斜附面层来流,低叶展总压损失得到明显改善;小间隙时叶尖产生两个间隙泄漏涡,前叶泄漏涡在叶栅通道中部消失,后叶泄漏涡在近前缘产生;随着间隙增大,泄漏涡绕卷起始点后移.     

尾迹对低压涡轮端区非定常流动影响的数值研究

为提高尾迹对涡轮端区二次流影响的认识,利用尾迹降低端区损失,采用了数值模拟的方法对T106A非定常工况下的叶栅流动进行模拟,辅以实验进行校核。以上游尾迹对端区附面层的抬升作用和上游尾迹对叶栅通道前部涡系结构的破坏作用为切入点,分析尾迹对端区二次流非定常发展过程的影响。研究发现尾迹中心离开叶栅通道时,尾迹对叶栅端区二次流起抑制作用;当尾迹尾部离开叶栅通道时,尾迹卷起的轮毂附面层激励了端区二次流,使二次流更加活跃。     

槽道射流及端壁抽吸对角区分离的组合控制研究

为优化叶片吸力面流动分离结构,探究对于角区分离更好的流动控制方法,以一大弯角扩压静子叶栅为研究对象,对叶片进行全叶高槽道结构处理,并在其基础上于槽道出口前进行端壁抽吸槽结构处理.在来流马赫数为0.7,来流攻角为-8°～6°工况下,对原型叶栅、全叶高开槽叶栅及组合流动控制叶栅进行性能计算及对比.结果表明:全叶高开槽方案能...     

低雷诺数下跨声速压气机转子失速工况时流动失稳触发过程研究

采用非定常数值方法模拟了低雷诺数条件下NASA Rotor 37跨声速压气机转子内部流动失稳机制.结果表明,随着压气机失速工况的推进,附面层径向涡不断扩大和增强,由附面层径向涡引发的叶顶附面层分离阻塞区不断向叶片前缘移动,直至与叶顶压力面前缘附近由激波和间隙泄漏流诱发的阻塞区相结合,使叶顶通道来流完全被阻塞,最终触发压气机流动失稳.      

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.