云纹方法中一种新的试件栅拷贝技术

 本文介绍了一种新的试件栅拷贝技术,结合空间虑波,条纹倍增及光学图像处理技术,可以测定轴、旋翼、柱壳及锥壳等曲表面裂纹尖端附近弹塑性应变场。该方法甚至还可以适用于转动的轴、飞轮和旋翼等表面应变场的测量。     

雷击建筑物时防雷系统中雷电流的分布研究

主要讨论雷直击建筑物时雷电流在防雷系统中的分布特性，介绍利用计算机进行数值计算的方法。通过典型算例、传统的电磁暂态计算程序——EMTP的计算结果和利用清华大学高压实验室的冲击大电流发生装置，对此结构模型进行模拟试验，将3种结果进行比较，从而验证了本研究所编制的计算机程序的正确性。为进一步研究室内电磁场的暂态分析做好基础。     

Interference torque of a three-floated gyroscope with gas-lubricated bearings subject to a sudden change of the specific force

A numerical study is carried out to investigate the influence of a sudden change of the specific force on a three-floated gyroscope with a rotor supported on gas-lubricated bearings.The interference torque is calculated to evaluate the influence by modeling the transient behavior of the rotor-bearing system. In combination with dynamic equations of the rotor displacement,the Reynolds equation is solved on the surface of spiral-grooved conical bearings. It is assumed that a steady state has been obtained with a constant specific force, and then the specific force is suddenly changed and maintained constant after that. Responses of the sudden change are obtained by solving the equations. Numerical results show that the direction of the sudden change of the specific force is the main factor which influences the interference torque curve. With a sudden change along the input direction, the interference torque fluctuation has a constant frequency and a decreasing amplitude. With a sudden change along the output direction, the interference torque fluctuates in a small range. With a sudden change along the spin direction, the change of the interference torque combines a fluctuation and a gradually-changing quasi-equilibrium value. This study provides a supplement to the steady-state error model of the three-floated gyroscope.     

机载电子系统设备的智能故障诊断系统设计

探讨了动态机载电子设备智能故障诊断系统建设的主要问题,设计了基于现代无线通信网络的智能故障预测诊断系统的总体结构及解决方案,对其中的关键技术进行了论述,尤其是无线通信协议、机载电子设备的故障预测模型及智能故障诊断专家系统等,为该系统后期研发奠定了基础.     

直升机燃油系统地面模拟试验中试验台转角与油面角的关系

为了在直升机燃油系统地面模拟试验中准确地模拟油面角，本文介绍了试验台转角与油面角的关系，并给出了转换结果，同时，提出了一种用油箱内增压来模拟过载的设想，使在模拟试验时，油泵供油更趋真实，通过简化计算，给出了确定气压力的方法和判断依据。     

Optimum FFT-based frequency acquisition with application toCOSPAS-SARSAT

In the case of a single sinusoid or multiple well-separated sinusoids, a coarse estimator consisting of a windowed Fourier transform followed by a fine estimator which is an interpolator is a good approximation to an optimal frequency acquisition and measurement algorithm. The design tradeoffs are described. It is shown that for the fine-frequency estimator a good method is to fit a Gaussian function to the fast-Fourier-transform (FFT) peak and its two neighbors. This method achieves a frequency standard deviation and a bias in the order of only a few percent of a bin. In the case of short-time stationarity, for a moderate number of averages and for an adaptive threshold detector, only between 0.5 and 1 dB is lost when averaging is traded off for FFT length, in contrast to the asymptotic result of 1.5 dB. The COSPAS-SARSAT satellite system for emergency detection and localization is used to illustrate the concepts. The algorithm is analyzed theoretically, and good agreement is found with test results     

用于雷达波形的无损压缩编码

讨论了用算术编码实现波形数据的无损压缩。对波形数据进行无损压缩时 ,如果把每个可能的样本值看作一个符号 ,符号表会非常庞大 ,导致算法不可行。基于这种原因 ,本文用一个符号表示一定范围内波形数据 ,而不是单个波形数据 ,然后在此基础上设计了一种编码方案。先是无损线性预测 ,去除了波形数据之间的相关性。并假定产生的差值序列具有白功率谱 ,幅度服从高斯分布 ,第二步是算术编码。最后给出了对雷达回波数据进行压缩的实验结果。     

Asymptotic Reproducibility in Nonlinear Systems and Attitude Control of Gyrostat

A control law is presented for asymptotic function reproducibility in a class of nonlinear-systems such that the output of the system asympotically tends to a given function. The controller consists of a prefilter and a servocompensator. Based on this result, a nonlinear feedback control law for the attitude control of a satellite containing symmetric rotors, in a circular orbit, is derived. In the closed-loop system, given trajectories of pitch, yaw, and roll angles are asymptotically followed, and set point control of attitude is accomplished. Digital simulation results are presented to show the capability of the nonlinear controller.     

Composite control method for stabilizing spacecraft attitude in terms of Rodrigues parameters

In this paper, the attitude stabilization problem of a rigid spacecraft described by Rodrigues parameters is investigated via a composite control strategy, which combines a feedback control law designed by a finite time control technique with a feedforward compensator based on a linear disturbance observer (DOB) method. By choosing a suitable coordinate transformation, the spacecraft dynamics can be divided into three second-order subsystems. Each subsystem includes a certain part and an uncertain part. By using the finite time control technique, a continuous finite time controller is designed for the certain part. The uncertain part is considered to be a lumped disturbance, which is estimated by a DOB, and a corresponding feedforward design is then implemented to compensate the disturbance. Simulation results are employed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

简约--当代设计缘起缘落处

在诸设计领域中，现代设计语言越来越显著地趋向于简约。而简约风格。源于上世纪60年代当代美国一个艺术流派兴起的一种非写实绘两雕塑。其主张利用有限的资讯传达耐人寻味的意味，可以于纷乱之中保持清晰的脉络。更能在观者的记忆里提供精炼的索引信号，给人留下深刻整体印象。故此，如今它成为了一种时尚潮流。一种文化倾向，一种艺术家理想主义的探索，一种美学定义的哲学教育，乃至一个绿色设计的终极体现。它是一种被设计师在过去、现在、乃至将来的若干年中不断提及的现象。它被应用在当代设计中，成为一种时尚的思想方法和设计方法。     

Fuel-optimal trajectories of aeroassisted orbital transfer withplane change

The fuel-optimal control problem arising in noncoplanar orbital transfer employing aeroassist technology is addressed. The mission involves the transfer from high Earth orbit to low Earth orbit with plane change. The complete maneuver consists of a deorbit impulse to inject a vehicle from a circular orbit to an elliptic orbit for atmospheric entry, a boost impulse at the exit from the atmosphere for the vehicle to attain a desired orbital altitude, and a reorbit impulse to circularize the path of the vehicle. In order to minimize the total fuel consumption, a performance index is chosen as the sum of the deorbit, boost, and reorbit impulses. The application of optimization principles leads to a nonlinear, two-point, boundary value problem, which is solved by a multiple shooting method     

An automated approach to calculating the maximum diameters of multiple cutters and their paths for sectional milling of centrifugal impellers on a 4?-axis CNC machine

Power generators and chemical engineering compressors include heavy and large centrifugal impellers. To produce these impellers in high-speed machining, a 4?-axis milling machine(or a 4-axis machine plus an indexing table) is often used in the industry, which is more rigid than a5-axis milling machine. Since impeller blades are designed with complex B-spline surfaces and impeller channels spaces vary significantly, it is more efficient to use multiple cutters as large as possible to cut a channel in sections and a blade surface in patches, instead of only using a small cutter to machine a whole blade and a channel. Unfortunately, no approach has been established to automatically calculate the largest diameters of cutters and their paths, which include the indexing table angles. To address this problem, an automated and optimization approach is proposed. Based on the structure of a 4?-axis machine, a geometric model for a cutter gouging/interfering the impeller is formulated, and an optimization model of the cutter diameter in terms of the indexing table angle is established at a cutter contact(CC) point on a blade surface. Then, the diameters of the tools,their orientations, and the indexing table angles are optimized, and each tool's paths are generated for machining its corresponding impeller section. As a test, an impeller is efficiently machined with these tools section by section; thus, this approach is valid. It can be directly used in the industry to improve efficiency of machining centrifugal impellers.     

利用有限域上二元多项式构造带仲裁的认证码

在传统的无条件安全认证码中,假定发方和收方是相互信任的,他们不会互相欺骗。但有些情况也可能不是这样,发方在发出一个消息后,不承认是他发的,收方捏造了一个消息,声称来自发方,在这种情况下就需要增添仲裁方。带仲裁的认证码能解决通信系统中发方与收方互不信任的问题。利用有限域上二元多项式构造了一个带仲裁的认证码,并计算了所构造码的参数。当编码规则按等概率分布选取时,计算出了敌方与收方成功模仿攻击和成功替换攻击的最大概率．以及发方成功模仿攻击的最大概率。     

五分量激光测量装置的试验研究

所讨论的激光测量装置,可以同时测量~个移动轴的5个移动误差分量,即两个直线度分量和3个角位移分量。该装置测量线性误差和角位移误差的精度可分别达到1.5μm和0.5”以内。     

A comparative study on acoustic damping induced by half-wave, quarter-wave, and Helmholtz resonators

The damping characteristics of three-type resonators, a half-wave, a quarter-wave, and a Helmholtz resonator are studied experimentally by adopting linear acoustic test. A quantitative acoustic property of sound absorption coefficient in a model enclosure with the resonators is measured and thereby, the acoustic-damping capacity of a resonator is characterized. For a comparative study on acoustic damping, the damping capacity of a half-wave resonator is compared with that of the other resonators. A half-wave and a quarter-wave resonators have the same damping mechanism, but a quarter-wave resonator has much larger damping capacity than a half-wave resonator with the same diameter of a single resonator. It is found that shorter length of a resonator has the advantage of longer one with respect to the damping capacity. The damping capacity of a Helmholtz resonator increases with cavity volume and does as the orifice length decreases. A Helmholtz resonator has the highest damping capacity of three-type resonators and a half-wave resonator has the lowest. Besides, a Helmholtz resonator requires the smallest number of resonators for optimal damping. The design criterion of each resonator on the optimal damping is provided by the normalized parameter of open-area ratio and the similarity behavior for the optimal damping is observed for various enclosure diameters.     

Determination of a suitable set of loss models for centrifugal compressor performance prediction

Performance prediction in preliminary design stages of several turbomachinery components is a critical task in order to bring the design processes of these devices to a successful conclusion.In this paper,a review and analysis of the major loss mechanisms and loss models,used to determine the efficiency of a single stage centrifugal compressor,and a subsequent examination to determine an appropriate loss correlation set for estimating the isentropic efficiency in preliminary design stages of centrifugal compressors,were developed.Several semi-empirical correlations,commonly used to predict the efficiency of centrifugal compressors,were implemented in FORTRAN code and then were compared with experimental results in order to establish a loss correlation set to determine,with good approximation,the isentropic efficiency of single stage compressor.The aim of this study is to provide a suitable loss correlation set for determining the isentropic efficiency of a single stage centrifugal compressor,because,with a large amount of loss mechanisms and correlations available in the literature,it is difficult to ascertain how many and which correlations to employ for the correct prediction of the efficiency in the preliminary stage design of a centrifugal compressor.As a result of this study,a set of correlations composed by nine loss mechanisms for single stage centrifugal compressors,conformed by a rotor and a diffuser,are specified.     

导弹运动方程的逆解析解

针对在采用反馈线性化理论设计导弹飞行控制系统时控制器算法对导弹逆模型的要求 ,推导了导弹运动方程的逆解析解 ,包括导弹质心运动的运动学方程及其动力学方程的逆解析解、姿态运动的运动学方程及其动力学方程的逆解析解 ,详细给出了逆模型的求解过程 ,为一类飞行控制系统运用全局线性化设计奠定了基础。最后 ,结合工程应用进行了仿真计算 ,仿真结果表明逆解析解的推导是正确的     

止裂孔尺寸对止裂效果影响的研究

当航空器结构在航线使用过程中出现疲劳裂纹损伤时,通常在裂纹尖端打止裂孔进行临时性修理。通过理论分析和计算及试验分析,研究了止裂孔尺寸对止裂效果的影响。结果表明,当航空器结构出现疲劳裂纹损伤时,采用5.57～7.14mm直径的止裂孔进行止裂修理,止裂效果较好;当止裂孔直径为6.35mm时,止裂效果最好。     

An Upper Bound on Detection Probability for Fluctuating Signals

In the theory of signal detectability, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), defined as the quotient of the average received signal energy and the spectral density of the white Gaussian noise, is a fundamental parameter. For a signal which is exactly known, or known except for a random phase, this ratio uniquely defines the detection performance which can be achieved with a matched filter receiver. However, when the signal amplitude is a random parameter, the detection performance is changed and must be determined from the probability density function (pdf) of the amplitude. Relative to the case of a constant signal amplitude, such signal amplitude fluctuation usually degrades performance when a high probability of detection (Pd) is required, but improves performance at low values of Pd; the corresponding change in the required SNR is the so-called signal fluctuation loss Lf. Thus, since Lf in some cases represents an improvement in performance for low values of Pd, a question of at least theoretical interest is: how large might this improvement be, when the class of all signal amplitude pdf's is considered. The solution, presented here, results in a lower bound on the signal fluctuation loss Lf as a function of Pd, or equivalently an upper bound on Pd as a function of SNR. The corresponding most favorable pdf was determined using the Lagrange multiplier technique and results of a numerical maximization are included to provide insight into the general properties of the solution.