LEACH协议的改进与仿真研究

无线传感器网络由能量受限的节点组成,高效节能的路由算法是路由设计的关键问题。在LEACH算法的基础上,提出了一种新的分簇式路由策略,从簇头个数的确定、簇头选举方法对LEACH算法进行了改进,数据传输方式允许采用多跳方式与基站节点通信,仿真结果表明该算法具有降低网络能耗、延长网络生命周期的优点。     

基于嵌入式系统的无线信息共享系统的设计

为满足电子侦察一体化的需要,对无线信息共享系统传输协议、网络拓扑结构和路由方式进行了研究。提出了一种无线信息共享系统结构。网络节点硬件主体由嵌入式111央控制模块与无线收发模块组成,并在巾央控制模块巾集成了多种接口用来外接信息采集模块。应用了IEEES02．11g协议和Ad—hoc网络路由方式,在WindowsCE平台上实现了网络节点间的数据文件共享。实验结果表明该系统可以在复杂的环境下稳定运行。     

无线传感器网络的低功耗研究

在野外等一些环境下的无线数据采集系统中,由于地理环境恶劣、节点数量多等原因很难更换电源电池,因此有效地降低系统各层的功耗、提高系统的生命周期尤为重要.文中在论述传感器节点结构的基础上,分析如何对传感器节点的动态电压调度、MCU能量消耗控制、动态功率管理、收发模块节能等硬件电路以及对MAC层、网络层的软件协议降低系统耗能.     

航空自组网退避算法研究

退避算法是一种用于多用户共享无线网络信息传输冲突的解决策略,是航空自组网研究的重要方面。退避算法能有效减小多用户节点间的碰撞概率,提高节点接入信道的公平性,改善系统性能。本文对航空自组网的MAC层退避算法进行研究,并介绍了航空自组网的MAC层协议,研究了两种常用的退避算法在航空自组网模型下的退避性能。仿真结果表明:当信道忙闲程度一定时,随着请求接入用户数的增多,二进制退避算法和P-坚持算法的平均传输次数递增,但二进制退避算法的性能明显优于P-坚持算法。     

无人机自组网络多媒体数据传输路由算法研究

针对无人机自组网络多媒体数据传输中链路不稳定问题,提出了一种无人机自组网络多媒体数据传输路由算法。该算法在GPSR路由算法基础上,结合无人机多媒体通信的特点,充分考虑了位置、速度、运动方向这三个因素对选择下一跳节点的影响,从而达到同时兼顾三者和提高链路性能的目的。提出的算法具有开销小、可靠性高等优点,有效提高了分组交付率以及降低了平均端到端延迟,从而提高了无人机自组网络多媒体数据传输的性能。     

传感器网络MAC协议能量有效性的研究与MATLAB的仿真

无线传感器网络由于能量受限,传感器节点的生存周期取决于节点的能量消耗。本文分析了典型的S-MAC协议和T-MAC协议,研究了这些协议的工作原理。针对节能问题,建立了能量消耗的数学模型。对无线传感器网络的MAC协议,进行了MATLAB软件仿真,做出了关于能耗问题的曲线图,仿真结果表明在同等条件下T-MAC协议耗能较少,且能较好的满足通信的时延性。     

基于蚁群优化的能量均衡自适应路由算法

基于蚁群优化的WSNs路由算法具有蚁群优化自组织性、正反馈性和并行性的特点,在构造无线传感器网络中的最优路由时有很好的性能。但是蚁群优化构造最优解时带来的网络开销十分可观,不适合在路由维护阶段反复使用蚁群优化重构路由。考虑到蚁群优化的上述特点,同时针对无线传感器网络能量受限的特点,提出了一种基于蚁群优化的能量均衡白适应路由算法。该算法使用了新的信息素更新算子,算子中包含了网络能量水平因子,能够均衡网络能量消耗。在路由维护阶段,该算法使用了新的基于侦测蚂蚁的自适应路由维护机制,很好地降低了网络开销。     

卫星网络动态资源图多QoS约束路由算法

针对高动态卫星网络拓扑变化导致的网络更新期间可用路径失效，QoS需求难以满足的问题，提出了一种基于软件定义网络（SDN）架构的虚拟节点动态资源图多QoS约束路由算法（DRGVN-QR）。根据节点的切换状态、缓存以及链路的剩余带宽、时延等信息，结合虚拟节点的网络拓扑方式，建立虚拟节点动态资源图模型。根据资源图模型，建立最小路径代价的优化模型，利用蚁群算法（ACO）并发地为每个连接请求找到一段时间范围内的最优路径集合，并对信息素挥发系数的取值问题进行了讨论，以提升路径质量和算法性能。最后，为了适应卫星网络的时变性，设计一种幂数加权公式求出一段时间范围内的最优路径。仿真结果表明：DRGVN-QR算法能够规避路径失效带来的传输中断问题，提高网络QoS，与其他算法相比，该算法降低了平均端到端时延、网络丢包率和时延抖动。     

一种新的基于位置信息的路由算法研究

 为航空移动Ad hoc网络(MANET)提出一种基于位置信息的路由算法,即位置网格路由（LBGR）算法,以此来解决节点高速移动引起的路径重建问题。算法中,数据包沿路由发现时得到的网格轨迹进行传输,每个收到数据包的中转节点根据它与相邻节点、目的节点的位置关系及网络轨迹下游的路由网格位置决定下一跳节点。由于利用了网格位置信息,LBGR算法在航空节点高速移动和拓扑变化无法事先预测的情况下,使用较少的开销就可获得稳定的路由。仿真结果表明,与GRID路由算法相比,LBGR算法在节点中高速移动时,能够有效地减少路由开销,提高网络吞吐量。     

无线传感器网络路由协议研究与分析

集成了传感器、嵌入式技术、分布式信息处理技术和无线通信技术而形成的无线传感器网络(wireless sensor network,简称WSN)是一种全新的信息获取和处理技术。但由于无线传感器网络的特点,使其路由协议即不同于传统的网络,又有别于ad hoc网络。对几种典型无线传感器网络路由协议进行了详细分析与比较,并针对LEACH算法存在的问题提出了一种改进方案。     

A New Exposed-terminal-free MAC Protocol for Multi-hop Wireless Networks

This article presents a new multichannel medium access control (MAC) protocol to solve the exposed-terminal (ET) problem for efficient channel sharing in multi-hop wireless networks. It uses request-to-send and clear-to-send (RTS/CTS) dialogue on a common channel and flexibly opts for conflict-free traffic channels to carry out the data packet transmission on the basis of a new channel selection scheme. The acknowledgment (ACK) packet for the data packet transmission is sent back to the sender over another common channel thus completely eliminating the exposed-terminal effects. Any adjacent communication pair can take full advantage of multiple traffic channels without collision and the spatial reuse of the same channel is extended to other communication pairs which are even within 2 hops from them. In addition, the hidden-terminal effect is also considerably reduced because most of possible packet collisions on a single channel are avoided due to traffic load balance on multichannels. Finally, a performance comparison is made between the proposed protocol and other typical MAC protocols. Simulation results evidence its obvious superiority to the MAC protocols associated with other channel selection schemes and traditional ACK transmission scheme as well as cooperative asynchronous multichannel MAC (CAM-MAC) protocol in terms of four performance indices: total channel utilization, average channel utilization, average packet delay, and packet dropping rate.     

Cooperative Routing for Maximizing Network Performance of Wireless Networks

To greatly increase spectral efficiency and improve network performance in wireless networks,a novel cooperative routing algorithm,namely maximum throughput cooperative routing(MTCR) algorithm,is proposed.According to cooperative link model,throughput analysis is presented to evaluate performance improvement in the process of exploiting cooperative commu-nication from physical layer to higher layer.Taking the throughput improvement as performance metric,a cooperative relay se-lection scheme is developed.Finally,based on the route constructed by adaptive forwarding cluster routing(AFCR) algorithm,each node on the route selects the optimum cooperative node from all the potential cooperative nodes to construct the coopera-tive link with maximum throughput so that cooperative route with maximum network throughput from source to destination can be set up.Simulation results show that compared with the noncooperative routing algorithm and minimum power selection de-code-and-forward(MPSDF) routing algorithm,the proposed algorithm can obviously improve network throughput in the pres-ence of low transmission power,large number of nodes and high spectral efficiency.     

基于Ad hoc网络的矿下无线数据采集系统设计与实现

监测煤矿井下瓦斯浓度并及时把数据传输到地面，减小爆炸事故发生的可能性，应用Ad hoc网络体系结构设计了无线数据采集系统。对系统的下三层进行了设计与实现，物理层应用超低功耗微控制器实现对无线收发模块的工作状态控制；MAC层、网络层分别采用IEEE802．11协议和按需驱动路由协议实现，并对CSMA／CA协议进行了改进。系统经验证运行良好。     

航空电子微距太赫兹互连DRR访问容量分析

为了减轻机载电子系统线缆和连接器的重量,减小其体积并降低维护成本,在航空电子组件的电路板或芯片之间,可以采用太赫兹通信技术实现厘米量级的微距互连。采用开关键控（OOK）调制和非相干解调实现点到点太赫兹互连,给出了数据速率、数据包长度等参数的设计方法,进而构建包含用户节点和簇头节点的半双工多路访问分簇网络架构。在簇内用户节点到簇头节点的介质访问控制协议中采用赤字轮询（DRR）机制,并采用随机网络演算（SNC）方法得到概率保证意义下多路访问的有效服务容量,分析了阻塞干扰对DRR服务曲线的影响。分析和算例表明,DRR访问在保证实时性能界限的条件下兼顾了多路访问的灵活性,满足航空电子微小型化组件之间太赫兹通信和分簇组网的需求。     

ELGR: An Energy-efficiency and Load-balanced Geographic Routing Algorithm for Lossy Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Geographic routing is a highly active area of research in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) owing to its efficiency and scalability. However, the use of simple greedy forwarding decreases the packet reception rate (PRR) dramatically in unreliable wireless environments; this also depresses the network lifetime. Therefore, it is important to improve delivery performance and prolong MANET lifetime simultaneously. In this article, a novel geographic routing algorithm, named energy-efficiency and load-loalanced geographic routing (ELGR), is presented for lossy MANETs. ELGR combines energy efficiency and load balance to make routing decisions. First, a link estimation scheme for the PRR is presented that increases the network energy efficiency level. Second, a learning method is proposed to adaptively sense local network loads, allowing enhanced whole network load balance. The results of a simulation show that ELGR performs better than several other geographic routing algorithms; in particular it extends network lifetime by about 20%, with a higher delivery ratio.     

Global node selection for localization in a distributed sensor network

This work considers the problem of selecting the best nodes for localizing (in the mean squared (MS) position error sense) a target in a distributed wireless sensor network. Each node consists of an array of sensors that are able to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) to a target. Different computationally efficient node selection approaches that use global network knowledge are introduced. Performance bounds based on the node/target geometry are derived, and these bounds help to determine the necessary communication reach of the active nodes. The resulting geolocation performance and energy usage, based on communication distance, is evaluated for a decentralized extended Kalman filter (EKF) that is exploiting the different selection approaches.     

基于惯性导航/无线传感器网络组合的采煤机定位方法研究

采煤机是井下综采工作面的重要设备,采煤机精确定位技术是煤矿生产装备自动化的关键技术之一。为了实现高精度定位满足井下综采自动化作业需求,提出了基于惯性导航/无线传感器网络组合的采煤机定位方法。采用锚节点安置于液压支架上,移动节点与惯导固定安装于采煤机上的配置方案,利用位置已知的锚节点测距信息估计和修正惯导误差,同时实施对安置于推进过程中的液压支架上锚节点(未知节点)位置信息的实时校准,从而达到采煤机高精度定位、无线传感器网络节点动态自动调节的目的。通过试验对所提方法的有效性进行了验证,结果表明,所釆用方法对釆煤机轨迹具有良好跟踪性能,水平定位误差不超过1.57 cm/h。