非定常机匣处理扩大压气机稳定裕度实验

从非定常角度出发,设计了一种通过改变斜槽和气室来调节壁面阻抗边界条件的非定常处理机匣,并对其开展扩大轴流风扇/压气机旋转失速稳定性的实验研究.研究工作包括:对非定常处理机匣进行流量-压比特性实验,研究其扩稳效果;对处理机匣的结构参数(斜槽、气室)进行可调节特性实验;对机匣处理的效率特性进行实验评估.结果表明:这种非定常机匣处理在三台低速风扇/压气机实验台上,通过调节机匣参数,不仅能够实现在不同的工作转速下对压气机稳定裕度有显著效果,而且效率没有明显改变.      

带导流叶排的轴流压气机级叶尖处理机匣容畸变特性

基于叶尖处理机匣轴流压气机叶排实验特性,应用畸变传递的矩阵分析模型,分析了进口导流叶排对叶尖处理机匣结构容总压畸变特性影响,初步建立了在进口导流叶排下几种处理机匣结构对总压畸变及其沿轴流压气机叶排衰减特性影响规律。计算结果表明,叶尖处理机匣虽均能有效提高压气机级的稳定工作范围,但削弱了转子叶排和静子叶排的抗总压畸变能力,这对设计合理的扩大轴流压气机稳定裕度处理机匣结构尤为重要。      

带周向槽叶尖处理机匣轴流压气机容总压畸变特性

基于叶尖处理机匣轴流压气机叶排实验特性，应用畸变传递的矩阵分析模型，对轴流压气机叶尖处理机匣容总压畸变特性进行了详细分析，并建立了处理机匣对总压畸变及其沿轴流压气机叶排衰减特性影响规律。计算结果表明，叶尖处理机匣虽能有效提高转子叶排抗总压畸变能力，但对其后的静子叶排抗畸变产生了明显不利影响，这对设计合理的扩大轴流压气机稳定裕度处理机匣结构尤为重要。     

跨声压气机周向槽处理机匣非设计工况研究

设计了某单级跨声压气机周向槽处理机匣,利用全三维定常数值模拟方法研究了三种典型转速下的机匣扩稳机理;对比分析得出处理机匣扩稳性能与压气机工况、处理槽位置的关系:转速越高,处理槽扩稳效果越好,而且位于叶尖弦长中部的处理槽更有效.当转速降低时,扩稳效果减弱,靠近尾沿的处理槽更为明显.研究表明,该压气机在降转速过程中存在一个扩稳机理的转变:在高转速下扩稳以抑制间隙涡破裂为主,而低转速下则以抑制叶尖吸力面附面层分离为主.      

Experimental investigation on SPS casing treatment with bias flow

Generally, casing treatment（CT） is a passivity method to enhance the stall margin of fan/compressor. A novel casing treatment based on the small disturbance theory and vortex and wave interaction suggestion is a method combining passive control and active control, which has been proved effective at enhancing the stall margin of fan/compressor in experiment. In order to investigate the mechanism of this kind of casing treatment, an experimental investigation of a stall precursor-suppressed（SPS） casing treatment with air suction or blowing air is conducted in the present paper. The SPS casing treatment is designed to suppressing stall precursors to realize stall margin enhancement in turbomachinery. The experimental results show that the casing treatment with blowing air of small quantity can improve the stall margin by about 8% with about 1% efficiency loss. By contrast, the SPS casing treatment with micro-bias flow does not improve the stall margin much more than that without bias flow, even worse. Meanwhile, the present investigation has also attempted to reveal the mechanism of stall margin improvement with the casing treatment.It is found that the stall margin improvements vary with the modification of the unsteady shedding flow and the unsteady wall boundary impedance. The experimental results agree fairly well with the theoretical prediction using a flow stability model of rotating stall.     

跨声速压气机机匣处理的数值研究

介绍了所开发的压气机内流场三维N-S方程计算程序.在利用典型算例验证了计算程序的描述能力和精度的基础之上, 对带有顶隙和机匣处理的跨声速压气机内的流动进行了三维数值模拟.研究了环向槽机匣处理方式, 比较了不同开槽方式下, 机匣处理对顶隙泄漏流和压气机性能的影响.      

A Model to Predict Stall Inception of Transonic Axial Flow Fan/Compressors

A stall inception model for transonic fan/compressors is presented in this paper. It can be shown that under some assumptions the solution of unsteady flow field consists of pressure wave which propagates upstream or downstream, vortex wave and entropy wave convected with the mean flow speed. By further using the mode-matching technique and applying the conservation law and conditions reflecting the loss characteristics of a compressor in the inlet and outlet of the rotor or stator blade rows, a group of homogeneous equations can be obtained from which the stability equation can be derived. Based on the analysis of the unsteady phenomenon caused by casing treatments, the function of casing treatments has been modeled by a wall impedance condition which has been included in the stability model through the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of the system. Besides, the effect of shock waves in cascade channel on the stability prediction is also considered in the stall inception model. Finally, some numerical analysis and experimental investigation are also conducted with emphasis on the mutual comparison.     

叶顶引气位置对自循环机匣处理扩稳能力的研究

为了探究自循环机匣处理的引气口位置在叶顶变化时对压气机稳定性的影响,以亚声速压气机孤立转子为研究对象,采用数值模拟的方法对3种叶顶不同引气位置的自循环机匣处理方案进行了扩稳能力的研究。结果显示,引气位置在叶顶沿轴向变化时,3种引气位置获得的流量裕度分别为5.43%,22.77%,18.23%,扩稳能力呈现出先增强后减弱的趋势,引气位置越靠近叶顶低速阻滞区核心,扩稳能力越强。对自循环机匣处理后的叶顶流场进行分析,可知在叶顶引气的自循环机匣处理的扩稳机理在于:通过抽吸叶顶处低速阻滞流体和抑制叶顶泄漏流动来改善叶顶区的流动状况,从而达到扩稳目的。     

非对称处理机匣周向分区数的实验

为了改善传统的对称处理机匣对压气机"扩稳降效"的普遍现象,设计了五种周向分区数的非对称处理机匣。实验结果显示,非对称处理机匣的分区数对压气机的稳定裕度影响不大;而对效率和总压升影响较大:随着分区数增加,压气机的性能先增加后降低。其中一种优选结构的非对称处理机匣能使压气机的稳定裕度扩大13%,同时使其峰值效率提高0.8%。这种非对称处理机匣能取得明显优于轴对称处理机匣的"扩稳增效"的原因是它改变了处理槽对压气机叶尖作用的非定常信号。根据非定常耦合流动理论,其产生的独特的低频激励信号能够对压气机叶尖复杂的非定常流场产生耦合整流效果。     

缝式机匣处理对对转压气机的扩稳机理

为探索缝式机匣处理在对转压气机中的适用性,采用数值模拟的方法研究了缝式机匣处理对对转压气机气动性能和稳定裕度的影响。通过分析缝式机匣处理对压气机总体性能和叶尖流场的影响,以揭示缝式机匣处理在对转压气机中的扩稳机理。研究表明：缝式机匣处理可以提高对转压气机的失速裕度,机匣处理的轴向位置对对转压气机的气动性能和失速裕度有显著的影响。随着机匣处理的前移,对转压气机峰值效率的亏损逐渐减小,而失速裕度改善程度相差不大。机匣处理缝的抽吸和射流效应减弱了转子R2叶顶通道的堵塞程度,通过抑制叶尖泄漏流和二次泄漏流的发展以推迟失速的发生,进而实现扩稳。此外,缝式机匣处理时可能改变该对转压气机的最先失速级,同时也证明了缝式机匣处理在变工况下扩稳的有效性。