A Closely Regulated TWT Converter

The design concept for the traveling wave tube amplifier converter for possible use in the Thermoelectric Outer Planet Spacecraft (TOPS) is presented. An unusual combination of semiconductors and magnetics were utilized to achieve very stable voltage regulation on a number of separate outputs to satisfy the requirements of a high-power traveling wave tube (TWT), and at the same time operate at an efficiency of better than 90 percent from a 30-volt source. The circuitry consists of an output filter, an auxiliary Jensen oscillator driving a high-reactance transformer to provide current limiting to the heater, a variable time delay, a main Jensen oscillator driving the power transformer with a maximum step-up ratio of 120 to 1, and series transistorized post regulators to provide precise voltage adjustment and low output impedance. This paper discusses the design of the high-reactance transformer and the high step-up ratio transformer, as well as the high-voltage series regulators that are limited in range and operate at the top of the unregulated output voltage. Test data is presented, and details of current transients caused by charging the filter circuits, input current ripple, and output voltage ripples are considered. The circuit provides better than 0.5 percent regulation against load change, input voltage change, and over-operating temperature range of from -20 to + 80°C, with output ripple voltage of less than 2 volts peak-to-peak on top of the 3600-Vdc output. The measured efficiency was typically 87 percent. and recommendations are included to improve this to in excess of 90 percent.     

Zener Diodes as Vehicular and Aircraft Transient Suppressors

The prime purpose of this paper is to describe the characteristics and application of high powered Zener diodes as transient suppressors for transients emanating in ground vehicle and aircraft power supplies. Information is presented on voltage transients as specified in MIL-STD-704 for aircraft and MIL-STD-1275(AT) for military ground vehicles and the ability of advanced high power Zener diodes in suppressing the levels of voltages specified therein. A complete transient suppressor capable of operating externally to the equipment intended for protection is also described.     

Design and implementation of an AC active load simulator circuit

An AC active load simulator circuit which can simulate a desired load impedance with a power factor from zero to unity (leading or lagging) for the tested AC source is realized and tested. An interface circuit is designed to compute the simulated current waveform for the load-driver circuit according to the specified program of the system control unit and the measured source frequency and voltage amplitude. Both inductive and capacitive loads can be simulated by adjusting the phase difference between the voltage and current waveforms. A software feedback control approach is employed to adjust the current amplitude and the power factor for the purpose of maintaining the impedance value constant regardless of the variation of the source voltage amplitude     

The High Power Metal-Oxide Varistor as a Vehicular and Aircrcraft Transient Suppessor

The shunt-type transient suppressor currently being used by the U.S. Army for suppression of voltage transients in tactical and combat vehicles is applicable to military aircraft as well. Advances in metal-oxide varistor technology have led to the development of a low-cost, low-voltage device having a breakdown voltage designed for use in 28-V dc electrical systems. This paper discusses the avalanche diode and the metal-oxide varistor as high-power transient suppressors. lt shows that the metal-oxide varistor has a less effective voltage clamp at the required breakdown level of 33 to 36 volts.     

基于变频供电系统试验的模拟负载及控制的设计与研究

在民用飞机变频供电系统的设计和适航符合性验证试验中,负载特性的模拟是一项关键技术,为适应变频供电系统负载特性的综合测试和验证对负载模拟的符合性需求,论述了一种适应变频供电环境下的变频模拟负载作为模拟飞机115/200V、(360～800Hz)三相四线制变频供电系统负载的综合电气特性,并为之设计智能控制系统。通过在线优化阻抗参数,提高负载的闭环特性和自适应能力,确保变频供电系统负载电气特性参数测试的准确性。     

Electrical power distribution on space based radar satellites

The radar payload on a space-based radar (SBR) satellite could require tens of kilowatts of power distributed to many small loads over a large area. This poses special problems for the power distribution and control system (PDCS). A study that examined the power requirements of an SBR spacecraft is reported. A baseline prime power system, generating about 30 kW, was derived. The proposed distribution network would transmit 240 V at 20 kHz. The voltage would be downconverted in one converter for about 100 transmit/receive modules. The design considerations are discussed, and the baseline PDCS is described     

基于TVS管的机载电子设备数据接口雷电防护设计

针对机载电子设备数据接口的雷电防护要求,本文介绍了机载电子设备雷电防护器件的选择依据,分析了基于TVS管的数据接口雷电防护方法和电路拓扑结构,给出了计算公式并指出了TVS管用于数据接口雷电防护设计中需要注意的问题。     

异步电机起动/发电系统起动向发电的转换研究

用异步电机与电力电子变换器结合构成的起动/发电系统作航空电源是一个很有意义的课题。对异步电机起动/发电系统中起动向发电的转换进行了研究,提出充分利用系统中变换器可快速控制定子磁链转速的特点,改变电磁转矩的方向,实现起动到发电的转换。详细介绍了转换过程控制方案,该方案可实现起动到发电的平滑转换,且在进入发电状态后直流母线电压由起动电源电压自动增长到所需的发电电压,最终稳定发电。最后给出了仿真与实验结果。     

Robust model following control of parallel buck converters

A robust model-following (RMF) control technique for average current mode controlled (ACC) parallel buck dc-dc converters, RMFACC, is presented. RMFACC achieves that the loop gain of the voltage loop is little sensitive to the variation of power stage parameters: number of modules, input voltage, load, and component tolerances. The design of the voltage loop is 'decoupled' from the design of the disturbance rejection transfer functions in an important degree, so that the output impedance and audio susceptibility are greatly reduced without the need of high loop gain crossover frequencies. A comparative study between conventional ACC and RMFACC is shown.     

高压空气动力系统及其生成效率

提出了全过程环保动力系统的概念及实现这一动力系统的要求。并提出一种符合该要求的动力系统实现方式——高压空气动力系统，该系统整个过程的效率受该系统的生成效率和释放效率两方面的影响。本文只讨论其生成效率及提高途径。     

小束斑电子束脉冲轰击偏压电源的研制

为了获得一种性价比较高的电子束表面处理技术,采用定频调压电路,研制出一种新型偏压脉冲电源。这种电源由偏压主电路拓扑、偏压变压器和偏压整流滤波电路组成,其中偏压主电路由偏压基值发生电路和偏压脉冲发生电路组成。偏压基值发生电路控制偏压脉冲基值,偏压脉冲发生电路控制偏压脉冲频率和占空比。脉冲偏压电源的脉冲基值、脉冲频率、占空比均连续可调,相应实现脉冲束流的幅值、束流频率和占空比的调节。检测分析了脉冲偏压电源的输出电压波形,带载时的输出束流波形,并观察分析了电子束轰击后钨合金组织变化规律。结果表明所研制的脉冲偏压电源输出电压稳定、可调性好,能满足小束斑脉冲电子束轰击工艺的要求。     

ICP中放电模式转化过程中悬浮电位变化的多样性

研究了射频感性耦和等离子体(ICP)中悬浮电位在模式转化过程(E-H模式)的变化多样性。实验研究了射频功率在5W-1000W,气压在2Pa-50Pa的范围内,通过改变导电地面积、匹配网络、气压等参数,使用Z-Scan系统、电流电压探头以及静电探针进行测量的等离子体悬浮电位在模式转化过程中随功率变化的多种形式,同时给出了r型射频匹配网络的正负反馈区的区别,并对产生的多种现象进行了的理论解释。     

Synthesis of an Electrical Power System for a Manned Lunar Base

Current program planning in the area of lunar surface explorationenvisions missions of increasing energy requirements and duration.During the mid 1970's it has been estimated that the electrical powerrequirements for a 3-man mission of one year duration might be in theorder of 33 000 kWh. Load profiles to support regeneration of fuelcell reactants for lunar roving vehicles and base nighttime operationsindicate potential power levels of from 30 to 100 kW. An electricalpower system using a state-of-the-art photovoltaic energy conversionsource was postulated on the assumption that nuclear power systemtechnology would not be flight ready by this time period.The process of synthesizing an overall electrical power system isdiscussed. Included are analyses and system design rationale. A rangefrom 50 to 500 volts dc is considered and the effect on weight andefficiency determined. Additional system criteria such as thermalcontrol, reliability, and emergency operation are discussed. A shred-out oftotal system weight as a function of voltage and regulation is presentedfor a 36 kWload. The impact ofload level, conditioning efficiency,transmission length, and temperature on system weight is discussed. Sensitivityivity curves depicting the effect of variations in these parameters areprovided.It is concluded that an efficiency of 80 percent or greater can beattained by matching the load profile with distribution voltage.     

A new power collection architecture for future spacecraft

The generalized tree-like transmission line network system having n layers in total with m-to-1 branch connection at each joint (T-TLNS-n-m) is proposed to replace the traditional series-parallel combined dc networks to automatically accumulate identically distributed power cells into the large amount of useful power for the spacecrafts. The proposed system has the attractive features of simple structure, easy construction and maintenance, and low cost, because two kinds of parts, ac current sources and m-to-1 transmission line (TL) branch connection parts, are used in the whole system. A method of implementing ac current cells having high output impedance is proposed to improve the power collection efficiency of the whole network system. Simulated results show that that low-pass nominal /spl pi/- or T-circuit with high characteristic impedance, which is used for the voltage source to current source converter in the current cell, improves the efficiency of the voltage inverter, filters out the harmonics, and increases the output impedance of the whole current cell.     

RESEARCH OF THE SWITCHED RELUCTANCE STARTER/GENERATOR SYSTEMS

This paper focuses on the simulation and test of the switched reluctance starter/generator systems. Through the emulational analysis of the initial starting torque, the optimal turn-on section of the power switches is discovered. The fundamental theory of the generating operation is analyzed with the linearity model, and a new method is presented based on voltage pulse width modulation for the generating mode control. Through the steady-state and optimized emulation of the output power and system efficiency, the optimizational control approach for the generating mode over a wide speed range is introduced. At last, the test of the 3KW prototype system shows that the dynamic and static performance of this system is fine.     

基于DSM的发电侧与销售侧峰谷分时电价联动方案

峰谷分时电价是现阶段一种有效的需求侧管理(DSM)手段,有利于“削峰填谷”,提高电力系统的负荷率和运行的稳定性。考虑到现阶段暂时还不能实行竞价上网以及普遍存在发电侧与销售侧间利益分配不平衡的情况,为同时鼓励发电侧和销售侧执行峰谷分时电价,提出了发电侧与销售侧电价联动的设想,并进行了分析。首先探讨销售侧峰谷分时电价的测算方法,在此基础上研究和提出了一套发电侧峰谷电价与销售侧峰谷电价联动的方案,包括参加调峰的发电机组范围的确定,发电侧实行峰谷分时电价的确定以及发电机组间峰谷电量的分配。     

Noise factor of receiving system with arbitrary antenna impedancemismatch

The system operating noise factor of a receiving system is modeled for arbitrary impedance mismatch of the antenna to the transmission line feeding the receiver. The effect of this mismatch on the noise factors of the transmission line and the receiver is considered. The stochastic nature of the external noise factor is considered. The amount of mismatch that can be tolerated before the internal system noise factor exceeds the external noise factor is determined. Numerical results are presented for a VHF-FM radio receiving system with an electrically short monopole antenna. It is noted that a large impedance mismatch at the antenna-transmission-line interface of a radio receiving system can cause a significant increase in the system internal noise factor (more than a 50-dB increase for a voltage reflection coefficient of 0.999)     

变频电机动态性能试验的负载系统研究

针对传统变频电机试验系统只能在固定转速下进行负载试验,研究了一种用于变频电机试验的多转矩类型负载系统。变频电机动态性能试验负载系统是根据感应电机的特性,建立数学模型,通过计算,快速调节感应电机的供电电压和频率,从而模拟出多种类型的动态负载。研究了变频电机动态性能试验负载系统的工作原理、模拟方法,并进行仿真分析,表明其可满足不同负载类型下的变频电机动态性能试验要求。     

开关磁阻电机发电运行强励方案的研究与实践

从开关磁阻发电机的运行原理可以看出 ,合理和充分的励磁是发电工作的关键。本文提出了强化励磁的构想 ,设计了强励的解决方案 ,并进行了样机实验验证。分析和实验表明 ,强励方案对运行在低压宽转速系统中的开关磁阻发电机 ,可以获得显著效果     

Determination of the Number of Cells in a Stepped Sine Wave Inverter for Equal Charge Transfer

The synthesis of an inverter sine wave output voltage by a staircase wave shape of low level voltage sources (cells) is accomplished by combining the cells in series at specific time intervals. Different cells of the inverter are then connected to the load for different time durations which results in unequal discharging of the cells. In order for the cells to transfer equal charge during the system operation, each voltage step should consist of a different number of cells in a parallel combination (module), the number of which depends on the time along the wave shape. The number of cells in each module is determined from the circuit current analysis and the appropriate switching time intervals, and is performed for a resistive and an inductive load. This number depends on the number of inverter voltage steps, the cell internal resistance, and the type of the load. The proper number of cells in the modules ensures identical state of charge of the cells, and equal cell recharging, and simplifies cell inspection, maintenance, and replacement.