Ru对铸造Ti-47Al合金高温氧化行为影响的研究

研究了Ru元素的添加对铸造Ti-47Al合金高温(800℃,900℃)氧化行为的影响.研究结果表明,Ti-47Al,Ti-47Al-1Ru合金800℃氧化时近似呈抛物线型增重,900℃氧化时呈线性增重.合金800℃的氧化皮主要分为两层:Al2O3+TiO2/Al2O3+TiO2+TiN (由外至内),而合金900℃的氧化皮主要分为三层:TiO2/Al2O3/Al2O3+TiO2 (由外至内),其中含Ru合金无次外层Al2O3层.1at%Ru的加入对合金900℃氧化性能有明显不利的影响.     

铸造钛合金的氢处理细化晶粒的研究

本文研究了氢处理（渗氢+共析处理+真空除氢）对铸造Ti-6Al-4V合金微观组织的影响。发现Ti-6A1-4V合金渗氢后析出片状的面心立方结构的TiH₂相。随含氢量的增加,TiH₂相趋于球化。渗氢试样经共析处理后,原晶界α消失,组织转变为α+TiH₂共析组织及少量残余β相。真空除氢后,组织变为细小的等轴组织。氢处理提供了一种细化铸造Ti-6Al-4V组织的有效途径。     

新型多元铌合金的高温氧化行为

文摘研究了Nb-15Ti-11Al和Nb-15Ti-11Al-10Si两种多元铌合金在1 100和1 300℃高温下的氧化行为,建立了合金高温氧化动力学模型。结果表明:粉末冶金方法制备的铌合金微观组织细小,大大降低了氧的短路扩散;合金中的钛降低了氧在基体中的固溶度并降低了氧的扩散速率;合金中的硅在高温时形成熔融态的SiO2可有效地抑制Nb2O5的生长,从而保证了氧化膜表面均匀平整。     

低Cr高W铸造镍基高温合金的高温氧化行为及Ta的合金化作用

对A l,Ta含量分别是6wt%A l,0wt%Ta;5wt%A l,4wt%Ta和6wt%A l,4wt%Ta三炉低Cr高W铸造镍基高温合金进行了静态空气下1100℃/2m in~100h等温氧化试验,并对剥落氧化皮和合金试片表面氧化层进行X射线衍射分析,对氧化后的试片表面及横切面进行光学金相、定量金相、扫描电镜及能谱分析。结果表明:低Cr高W镍基高温合金的早期氧化主要表现为富难熔元素相MC,M6C碳化物和α(W,Mo)相的优先选择性氧化。6wt%A l,0wt%Ta合金和6wt%A l,4wt%Ta的合金经1100℃/100h氧化后的最终主要氧化产物均包含N iO,N iA l2O4和N iWO4,此外合金中还分别存在少量的N iNb2O6和N i(Ta,Nb)2O6。合金的氧化动力学曲线遵循分段抛物线规律。A l量相同的情况下,Ta的加入通过增加共晶γ’量和减缓自由态硫对抗氧化的有害作用从而减少合金的氧化增重和延缓氧化皮剥落,提高合金的抗氧化能力。6wt%A l,0wt%Ta的合金与5wt%A l,4wt%Ta的合金具有相当的高温抗氧化能力,仅从高温抗氧化性能考虑,可以考虑以A l代Ta。     

Cr对Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Al-2Hf合金显微组织与高低温力学性能的影响

 以Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Al-2Hf成分为基础,分别添加了2%和17%(原子分数,后同)的Cr元素替代Nb(分别称2Cr和17Cr合金),研究了Cr含量对Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Al-2Hf合金相组成、显微组织形貌、室温断裂韧性和高温强度的影响,分析了高低温失效机制。结果表明,铸态和1 375 ℃×100 h热处理后2Cr合金由Nbss和Nb₅Si₃两相组成;当Cr含量为17%时,出现了具有C15结构的Laves Cr₂Nb相,合金由Nbss、Nb₅Si₃和Cr₂Nb三相组成,热处理后在Nb₅Si₃中还析出了球状Cr₂Nb相。随着Cr含量由2%提高到17%,热处理合金的室温断裂韧性K_Q由14.32 MPa·m^1/2下降到10.30 MPa·m^1/2。合金强度与Cr含量的关系受温度影响,随Cr含量提高,室温和1 150 ℃时合金的硬度或强度增高,而1 250 ℃和1 350 ℃时合金强度降低。如1 150 ℃时2Cr和17Cr合金的屈服强度σ_0.2分别为349 MPa和387 MPa;1 350 ℃时分别为306 MPa和74 MPa。     

Ti-Cr合金高温氧化行为的研究

研究了Ti-11Cr,Ti-13Cr和Ti-15Cr合金600℃及800℃高温氧化行为.研究结果表明,相同温度下,Cr含量越高,氧化增重越小.相同合金,温度愈高,氧化增重愈大.随着温度升高,Cr含量对氧化速度的影响显著增大.随着Cr含量升高,氧化膜的晶粒尺寸减小,粘附性和抗开裂剥落性增加.并讨论了Cr含量对Ti-Cr合金高温氧化行为的影响机理.     

TiAl合金高温循环氧化行为及其表面改性研究

研究了TiAl金属间化合物及表面涂层在空气中的高温循环氧化行为。结果表明:在800℃时TiAl合金具有较好的抗高温氧化行为,但当温度高于800℃时,TiAl合金表面未能形成单一的Al2O3保护层,而是形成外3层为疏松的TiO2层,内层为TiO2+Al2O3的混合氧化物层,因而使得TiAl合金的抗高温循环氧化性能严重蜕化。TiAl合金经过Cr改性铝化处理后,表面形成了具有立方Ll2结构的Al67Ti26Cr7层,立方Ll2结构的Al67Ti26Cr7不仅具有较高的铝含量,而且具有优良的韧性,因而使得处理后的TiAl合金具有良好的抗高温循环氧化性能。铝化物涂层尽管有很高的铝含量,但由于铝化得到的TiAl3相具有四方形结构,涂层非常脆,故该涂层抗高温循环氧化性能有待进一步提高。     

TiAl 合金择优取向层片组织的高周疲劳行为

采用旋转弯曲的加载方式,评价了 Ti-47．5Al-2．5V-1．0Cr-0．2Zr （原子分数／％）合金择优取向层片组织的高温高周疲劳性能,并对疲劳断口进行了扫描电镜分析。结果表明：该合金表现出符合 Basquin 方程的平直 S-N 曲线,750℃条件疲劳极限相当于其抗拉强度的60％;断口观察发现,所有试样中的疲劳裂纹均以穿层片方式扩展,表明该种组织的界面对疲劳裂纹扩展具有较高的抗力。     

Ti-6Al-4V/ELI钛合金250℃裂纹扩展性能

高温环境下裂纹扩展性能是进行航空金属结构损伤容限设计的重要依据。本工作测定典型航空钛合金Ti-6Al-4V/ELI在两种温度(25℃和250℃)、三种应力比(0.06,0.5,–1)下的裂纹扩展性能;采用割线法处理实验数据,获得材料的裂纹扩展速率da/d N-ΔK曲线和da/d N-ΔK-R曲面,进行裂纹扩展性能对比分析;通过疲劳断口SEM分析高温和载荷联合作用对裂纹扩展性能的影响机理。结果表明:在相同的应力强度因子变程ΔK下,疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/d N随着应力比R的增加而变快;Ti-6Al-4V/ELI的高温断口表面可见氧化产物和大量二次裂纹,温度升高导致材料裂纹扩展过程逐渐由解理断裂向准解理断裂转变;氧化产物的加速作用和二次裂纹分支的减速作用共同影响材料的裂纹扩展性能,应力比R为0.5或0.06时,氧化加速和分支减速作用基本相抵,裂纹扩展受温度变化影响并不明显,拉压加载下应力比为R为–1时,二次裂纹受温度与载荷的充分影响密集萌生并深化,使得Ti-6Al-4V/ELI在高温环境下裂纹扩展速率慢于室温下扩展速率。     

热处理对Mo-Si系金属间化合物微观组织和断裂韧性的影响

以纯金属Mo与纯Si为原料,通过电弧熔炼法制备了Mo₃Si-Mo₅Si3共晶,Mo₅Si3-MoSi₂亚共晶和过共晶Mo-Si系金属间化合物。在1200℃分别对3种合金进行了12h、24h、48h和96h真空退火,观察层状结构在合金中的形成、变化及破坏。1200℃退火48h后,在Mo₅Si3-MoSi₂亚共晶合金中发现了发展完好的Mo₅Si3（D8m）/MoSi₂（C11b）层状结构,层间距为几百纳米;在Mo₅Si3-MoSi₂过共晶合金中,层状结构的层间距与体积百分含量在退火前后没有发生明显变化;在Mo₃Si-Mo₅Si3共晶合金中始终未观察到层状结构的存在。通过压痕法测量了各合金的断裂韧性（K_IC）,研究了微观结构与KIC之间的关系。     

Effects of B on the Microstructure and Oxidation Resistance of Nb-Ti-Si-based Ultrahigh-temperature Alloy

Nb-Ti-Si-based ultrahigh-temperature alloys concocted with boron ranging from 0 to 2 at% are prepared by arc-melting technology. The effects of adding boron on their as-melted microstructure and oxidation resistance are analyzed. The (Nb,Ti)ss, β-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ and γ-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ exist in Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf alloy, while (Nb,Ti)ss, α-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ and γ-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ are present in Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf-1B and Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf-2B alloys. The oxidation of Nb-Ti-Si-based ultrahigh-temperature alloys is dominated by the diffusion of oxygen through (Nb,Ti)ss. Compared to boron-free alloys, the boron-containing alloys have significantly lower oxidation rate when oxidized at 1 200 °C for less than 50 h, but, for more than 50 h, their oxidation resistance deteriorates.     

Compound Ceramic Coatings Grown by Micro-plasma Oxidation on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Compound ceramics coatings on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy were prepared by the direct current micro-plasma oxidation (MPO) in NaAlO2 solution. The composition and morphology of the coatings were studied with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer technique was used to analyze the solution features of Ti-6Al-4V alloy in the process of preparation. The results reveal that Al2TiO5 forms in the coatings at the initial stages of MPO reaction, and its content changes rapidly with the reaction continuing: after 20 min, the ceramics coatings are composed of α-Al2O3, γ-Al2O3 and Al2TiO5, but after 40 min, its main composition is of α-Al2O3. The content of Ti in the solution will increase when the MPO time extends, and as will Al in the anode area until, after 30 min, it reaches the maximum and keeps constant from then on. Both substrata of Ti and Al in the electrolyte join the MPO reaction at the initial stage, where the formation of Al2TiO5 happens; but as the MPO reaction prolongs, more and more Al in the electrolyte will take part in the reaction, leading to the appearance of a large amount of Al2O3.     

Ti-22Al-25Nb合金剪切旋压过程中显微组织演化

通过剪切旋压试验,研究了旋压温度(910℃和1000℃)和减薄率(0、10%和30%)对Ti-22Al-25Nb合金显微组织的影响,探讨了旋压过程中的显微组织演化规律。结果表明:Ti-22Al-25Nb(原子数分数)合金旋压组织主要由α2相、B2相和O相组成,在旋压过程中,B2晶粒沿旋轮进给方向被拉长,且伴随有动态再结晶现象发生;温度主要影响Ti-22Al-25Nb合金中α2相与O相的尺寸和形貌,随着旋压温度的升高,O相片层逐渐变短并粗化,α2相趋向等轴化;变形量主要影响α2相体积分数与O相形貌,随着减薄率的增大,α2相体积分数逐渐减少,O相从片层状转变为短棒状。因此,Ti-22Al-25Nb合金剪切旋压过程中不仅发生晶粒变形与动态再结晶现象,更涉及复杂的相变行为,组织控制困难。     

Al 量对 Ni-Al-Hf-Cr-W 系合金显微组织结构的影响

研究了Ni-20Hf-8Cr-8W-（4～6）Al系列合金的显微组织以及Al含量对共晶组织的影响,结果表明：此系列合金中,随着Al含量的微小变化,会析出不同的共晶组织;当Al含量大于5.5wt%时,出现（β-NiAl+Ni7Hf2）或（γ′+β-NiAl+Ni7Hf2）共晶：当Al量小于5.5wt%时,会出现（γ′+Ni7Hf2）、（γ+γ′+Ni7Hf2）或（γ+Ni7Hf2）共晶组织。并且得出（Ni-20Hf-8Cr-8W-5.3Al）wt%的合金具有（γ′+Ni7Hf2）共晶,适宜选做为以Ni7Hf2增强的共晶复合材料的合金成份。     

一种多元铌硅系原位复合材料的高温氧化行为

 采用电弧熔炼的方法制备了Nb-16Si-24Ti-6Cr-6Al-2Hf (原子百分数)多元铌硅系原位复合材料。进行了高温氧化试验,使用扫描电镜、能谱和X-射线衍射仪进行分析。结果表明该复合材料铸态组织主要由Nbss和β-Nb5Si3组成;经1250℃/100h静态氧化后,生成厚的氧化皮,其主要成分为CrNbO4,TiNb2O7;在氧化皮下发生严重的内氧化现象;氧优先在Nbss相中扩散并形成内氧化产物;硅化物对氧的扩散起到一定的阻挡作用;硅化物的分散分布有利于氧化皮中压应力的释放。     

快速凝固Al－Li－Mg－Cu－Zr合金粉末除气过程中的表面反应

研究了未除气及３５０℃／２ｈ,４５０℃／２ｈ,５００℃／２ｈ除气快速凝固（ＲＳ）Ａｌ－Ｌｉ－Ｍｇ－Ｃｕ－Ｚｒ合金粉末表面结构及氧化层厚度和组成,探讨了除气过程中粉末表面的化学反应。结果表明,通常不含Ｌｉ的铝合金粉末除气工艺对ＲＳＡｌ－Ｌｉ合金的效果不明显。     

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Oxidation Resistance of Nb-22Ti-14Si-2Hf-2Al-xCr Alloys

Nb-22Ti-14Si-2Hf-2Al-xCr (x=2, 6, 10, 14, 17 at%) alloys are prepared by arc-melting under argon atmosphere. Microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of the arc-melted alloys are investigated. At 2 at% Cr content, the microstructure is composed of Nbss, Nb3Si and a small quantity of Nb5Si3, when the Cr contents increase, Nb3Si disappears. For the high Cr content (x ≥ 10 at%) alloys, besides the Nbss and Nb5Si3, Cr2Nb is also detected. With the increase of Cr content, the volume fractions of Cr2Nb and Nb5Si3 increase, while that of Nbss increases firstly and then begins to degrade when the Cr content is higher than 6 at%. For the alloy with 2 at% Cr, the room temperature fracture toughness is about 14.5 MPa·m1/2, but badly decreases to about 8.5 MPa·m1/2, when the Cr contents increase. Vickers hardness of Nbss tends to increase linearly from about 400 to 500, while that of silicides is not sensitive to Cr contents, about 950. The appearance of Cr2Nb phase significantly improves the high temperature oxidation resistance of the alloys with high Cr contents. The isothermal oxidation tests show that the oxidation kinetics of the alloys with various Cr contents follows parabolic oxidation kinetics.     

Oxidation Properties in CO2 of Inconel Alloy 600 Coated by Simultaneous Aluminizing-Chromizing Process

IN 600 alloy was coated with two different types of coatings, Cr-modified aluminide coating this is called aluminizing-chromizing and Y-doped chromium modified aluminide coating this is called aluminizing-chromizing-yttriumizing. Diffusion coating was carried at 1 050 ℃ for 8 h under Ar atmosphere by simultaneous aluminizing-chromizing process and by simultaneous aluminizing-chromizing- yttriumizing. Cyclic oxidation tests were conducted on the uncoated and on the coated Inconel 600 alloy in the temperature range 800- 1 000 ℃ in CO2 for 100 h at 10 h cycle.The results showed that the oxidation kinetics for uncoated Inconel 600 alloy in CO2 is parabolic and the phases present are NiO, (Fe, Cr)2O3 , NiFe2O4 and NiCrO4. The oxidation kinetics for both coated systems in CO2 was found to be parabolic and the value of kP for both coated systems were found to be lower than that for uncoated Inconel 600 alloy. Oxide phases that formed on coated systems are Al2O3 and NiCrO4. The role of yttrium can be attributed to its ability to improve the adherence of the oxide scale.