CCD连续转移技术研究

文章介绍了CCD的两种垂直转移模式:突发转移模式和连续转移模式。通过对两种模式工作原理的对比,分析了连续转移模式对系统动态调制传递函数(MTF)的提高并举例说明。然而连续转移模式时垂直转移时序的上升/下降沿处于CCD水平转移工作时间内,造成上升/下降沿对应像元出现串扰问题。文章提出了硬件和软件两种解决方案,硬件方式采用RC电路或数模电路使得驱动信号波形化,降低串扰能量;软件方式采用数字校正的方法,通过实时提取定标得到的校正系数进行图像校正解决串扰问题。文章最后讨论了两种方式的优缺点以及应用中的限制条件,并认为,采用软硬件结合的方式可以有效解决连续转移模式产生的串扰问题。     

多舱耦合流体系统在功耗调配模式下的模拟分析

结合某种航天器,设计了一种多舱耦合的集成式热管理的流体回路系统。介绍了该系统的结构和功耗调配模式、流体回路热耦合方式,运用商业软件SINDA/FLUINT建立回路的流体和热模型,对不同功耗调配模式下流体回路不同热耦合方式进行分析。模拟结果表明,该回路最佳的工作模式为中、低温功耗调配与中温回路热耦合相结合,在这种工作模式下,调配效率可保持在η≈1,即功耗调配量与热耦合的传递热量总能近乎相等。     

CCD连续转移下图像串扰问题的研究

为了提高遥感成像系统的调制传递函数(MTF),需要解决由于地面景物和CCD电荷移动不匹配带来的像移问题。在工程应用中,通常采用连续转移模式的电子补偿方法来解决这种问题。但是,当CCD工作在连续转移模式下时,会导致遥感图像中出现暗(亮)线,而且这种暗(亮)线会随着积分时间的变化而变化,在后期的图像校正中无法消除。针对此图像串扰问题,文章对串扰产生机理、串扰模式以及串扰因素的边界条件进行了分析。通过分析得出可通过调整时序驱动信号的上升/下降时间来降低图像串扰。在此基础上,文章提出了一种驱动滤波电路的硬件解决方案;然后,根据某工程应用CCD,文章对此电路进行了仿真与试验;通过对多组试验数据的对比分析,可知此驱动电路方案可根据需要调整上升/下降时间,从而实现降低图像串扰的目的。对图像数据进行分析后,文章提出将上升时间设置为时序信号周期的1/10,可将图像串扰降低到工程应用可接受的程度。     

未来机载雷达中具有高精度测距能力的新HPRF模式

已研究了一种新的雷达模式，它可以不模糊地估算目标速度并能通过IPRF模式中的脉冲时间延迟估算距离。要实现这点，距离门宽度要减至近乎机载目标（比如战斗机）的距离向长度。与普通HPRF模式不同的是，在不模糊距离中要有多个可辨别的距离门。距离模糊的分辨则由脉冲串至脉冲串间的脉冲重复频率变化来进行。模糊分辨的算法要考虑到这样一个事实，即在PRF变化期间，目标能移至下一个距离门或跨过一个或更多的相邻距离门。此外，可以在算法中采用不模糊速度测量来补偿目标距离徙动以减少虚警率。     

MSK和OKQPSK体制的实验评价

实验室的试验测量指出,当通道具有同比特率带宽近于相等的带宽和典型的有关相位延迟特性时,MSK 与 OKQPSK 调制方式有近乎相等误差率性能.为了在比较不同调制方式的性能时消除硬件质量不同引起的差异,设计与制造了高质量 MSK 与 OKQPSK 发射机和通用模型接收机。因此,调制方式的选择应主要考虑复杂性、对设备组合的敏感度和差分编码合适性,而不是误差率。     

首届中国航天质量奖颁奖大会开幕词

在两个集团公司的共同关心和支持下,经过一年多的辛勤努力,首届中国航天质量奖在今天诞生了。在此我代表航天质协,首先对获奖的单位表示热烈的祝贺!对给予关心和支持的各级领导、付出智慧和汗水的专家与工作人员,表示衷心的感谢!设立中国航天质量奖,是在航天质协第六届一次理事会上提出的,并由两个集团公司共     

用于月球软着陆最优轨迹跟踪制导过程的模糊神经网络控制方法

软着陆过程的制导控制已经成为月球探测中一个具有挑战性的问题。神经网络与模糊逻辑都是处理不确定性(受控对象缺乏精确的数学描述或具有非线性的复杂性)问题的有效手段。本文根据终端着陆条件和性能指标,以由Pontryagin’s极大值原理得出从近月点到月球表面的最优着陆轨迹为基础,给出一种基于模糊神经网络的非线性最优控制策略,使被控系统能够通过模糊神经网络的非线性映射能力实现某种最优的闭环制导控制。最后通过数学仿真验证了该控制策略的可行性与有效性。     

“奥德赛”将再延寿两年

美国“火星奥德赛”轨道探测器已获准再工作两年．即到2010年9月。2001年飞抵火星的该探测器是目前在火星轨道上运行的6个探测器中服役时间最长的一个。这是它第三次进行为期两年的延寿。     

太阳电池阵在低密度等离子体中的电弧诱发机理

文章从实验和理论两方面研究了两个太阳电池阵样品在氩等离子体中的电弧放电现象和串弧现象.在很宽的等离子体参数范围内,测量了太阳电池阵样品的I-V曲线、电弧和串弧的起始电压以及放电速率.实验结果对于理解电弧放电诱发机理有重要的参考价值.     

深圳宝安国际机场甚高频通信系统互调干扰与串扰分析

无线电干扰一直是困扰民用航空地空通信系统和导航设备的一个难题,论文通过数学运算和统计学的方法,对深圳机场甚高频通信系统互调干扰和串扰进行了分析,介绍了互调干扰和串扰的定义、产生的机理、危害以及减少互调干扰和串扰的措施,展示了如何在设备、无线电频率启用和调整前期,通过对互调干扰和串扰进行理论分析,从而合理规划、科学布局各频率和设备在不同无线电台站的分布,以便消除潜在的设备间干扰,如互调干扰、串扰等。在未来的民航空管系统、民航机场建设、维护甚高频通信系统和无线电干扰排查等中,可以在一定程度上使用本文所采用的方法。     

一种基于空间映射的多星成像调度方法

针对NP难解的多星成像过度调度问题,从置换空间到问题空间的映射方法和置换空间 搜索算法两方面进行了研究。基于资源优先卫星分配算法,建立了置换空间到问题空间的映 射关系,以在置换空间优化多星成像调度。提出了一种分散式随机搜索算法,基于有记忆随 机邻域搜索,在置换空间上搜索产生优化调度的置换序列。实验表明,所提算法相对模 拟退火算法平均获得3.12％的改进。     

Information theory,animal communication,and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence

We present ongoing research in the application of information theory to animal communication systems with the goal of developing additional detectors and estimators for possible extraterrestrial intelligent signals. Regardless of the species, for intelligence (i.e., complex knowledge) to be transmitted certain rules of information theory must still be obeyed. We demonstrate some preliminary results of applying information theory to socially complex marine mammal species (bottlenose dolphins and humpback whales) as well as arboreal squirrel monkeys, because they almost exclusively rely on vocal signals for their communications, producing signals which can be readily characterized by signal analysis. Metrics such as Zipf's Law and higher-order information-entropic structure are emerging as indicators of the communicative complexity characteristic of an “intelligent message” content within these animals’ signals, perhaps not surprising given these species’ social complexity. In addition to human languages, for comparison we also apply these metrics to pulsar signals—perhaps (arguably) the most “organized” of stellar systems—as an example of astrophysical systems that would have to be distinguished from an extraterrestrial intelligence message by such information theoretic filters. We also look at a message transmitted from Earth (Arecibo Observatory) that contains a lot of meaning but little information in the mathematical sense we define it here. We conclude that the study of non-human communication systems on our own planet can make a valuable contribution to the detection of extraterrestrial intelligence by providing quantitative general measures of communicative complexity. Studying the complex communication systems of other intelligent species on our own planet may also be one of the best ways to deprovincialize our thinking about extraterrestrial communication systems in general.     

对传感器失效具有完整性的神经网络控制器设计

本文研究了对一些传感器失效控制系统仍保持稳定性的问题，将多层前传神经网络用于这一问题，通过对神经网络的训练，使训练后的神经网络构成的控制器对传感器故障具有完整性。该方法对达到完整性设计的要求条件较低，且不受线性系统方法的限制。文末的仿真实例说明了所给方法的有效性。     

Production of neutrons from interactions of GCR-like particles

In order to help assess the risk to astronauts due to the long-term exposure to the natural radiation environment in space, an understanding of how the primary radiation field is changed when passing through shielding and tissue materials must be obtained. One important aspect of the change in the primary radiation field after passing through shielding materials is the production of secondary particles from the breakup of the primary. Neutrons are an important component of the secondary particle field due to their relatively high biological weighting factors, and due to their relative abundance, especially behind thick shielding scenarios. Because of the complexity of the problem, the estimation of the risk from exposure to the secondary neutron field must be handled using calculational techniques. However, those calculations will need an extensive set of neutron cross section and thicktarget neutron yield data in order to make an accurate assessment of the risk. In this paper we briefly survey the existing neutron-production data sets that are applicable to the space radiation transport problem, and we point out how neutron production from protons is different than neutron production from heavy ions. We also make comparisons of one the heavy-ion data sets with Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) calculations.     

多目标EOSs联合成像调度方法

EOSs（Each Observation Satellites）围绕着地球对成像任务进行拍摄，为了充分有效的利用卫星资源，最大限度的满足成像任务需求，需要进行EOSs联合成像调度。EOSs联合成像调度是一个复杂的多目标组合优化问题。本文通过对卫星成像约束条件的抽象，建立联合成像调度的数学模型，在此基础上设计了多目标EOSs联合成像调度算法，并根据实际的应用问题进行实验和结果分析，表明该方法有效的解决了多目标条件下EOSs联合成像调度问题。     

基于SMC-CPHD的多目标跟踪算法研究

针对CPHD滤波算法在多目标跟踪中计算难处理和对于局部目标估计存在漏检的问题,提出了基于序贯蒙特卡罗方法的基数概率假设密度（SMC-CPHD）滤波算法。这种方法是将SMC和CPHD两种滤波算法的优点相结合,用一些离散的粒子去接近PHD函数,不仅解决了在滤波修正步没有闭式解的问题,而且避免了当某个目标发生漏检时,PHD权值的转移问题,在递推PHD函数的同时也递推基数分布。将此方法应用到有杂波存在复杂的多目标跟踪环境中,通过仿真实验,对CPHD滤波和SMC-CPHD滤波得出的结果进行比较,验证了本文所提出方法对多目标跟踪的可行性和精确性。     

A Retrospective Geometric Analysis of the Long-Term Evolution of Orbits and the Ballistic Lifetime for Satellites of the Prognoz Series

We consider the applied aspects of the geometrical analysis of solutions in a restricted circular double-averaged three-body problem that are concerned with the design of high-apogee satellite orbits. Based on the analysis of the long-term evolution and the ballistic lifetime for orbit families of the Prognoz satellites launched into their orbits in the period 1972–1995, we suggest some practical suggestions for choosing long-lived high-apogee orbits with taking into account various requirements for the domain of evolution of the orbital elements.     

Role of interface deformations in Benard-Marangoni instability

This work is concerned with a linear analysis of natural thermoconvection in a two-layer system formed by a liquid surmounted by an upper immiscible gas layer (Bénard-Marangoni problem). Emphasis is put on the role of the air layer on the thermoconvective instability. It is shown that the motion inside the gas phase can be disregarded provided its thickness is smaller than the thickness of the liquid layer. The gas can then be modelled as a purely conductive medium. Another important problem discussed here is the role of surface deformations on the onset of convection. In that respect, the use of Boussinesq's approximation is discussed and its limits of validity are specified. The main results are the following. First, it is concluded that overstability cannot be observed in ordinary fluids under realistic experimental conditions. Besides, it is shown that, among the relatively larger number of parameters appearing in the problem, the viscosity is by far the most important. Moreover, new dimensionless numbers are introduced to better apprehend the physical context. The experimental conditions required to observe the surface zero-wave number instability are also determined, as well as the conditions under which gravity effects may be neglected on earth. Finally it is examined under which circumstances the interface can be considered as remaining flat.     

Optimal Choice of a Satellite Broadcasting System Based on High-Elliptic Orbits

The problem of the construction of a satellite broadcasting system whose capabilities are supplemented and expanded in comparison with geosynchronous satellites is considered. The optimal orbit of a high-elliptic satellite of the Earth, which provides for a maximal duration of stay of the satellite sighting line within the directional pattern of an antenna motionlessly installed on the Earth's surface, is determined. The advantages of using a satellite system with such orbits are shown.