高速电弧喷涂FeNiCrAl涂层制备工艺对涂层性能影响

FeNiCrAl涂层是一种用作轴类零部件的表面耐磨防护材料,为深入研究高速电弧喷涂工艺对FeNiCrAl涂层性能的影响机理,对不同喷涂参数下制备的涂层的组织结构、结合强度、物相组成和显微硬度等性能进行分析表征,探究“喷涂电流-涂层组织结构-结合强度”之间的关系。结果表明：喷涂电流对涂层的组织致密性及结合强度影响较大;喷涂电流200 A、电压34 V、喷涂距离160 mm的工艺参数下制备的FeNiCrAl涂层组织致密,孔隙率约8.76%,结合强度52.3 MPa,涂层硬度约626 HV0.1,约为基体硬度的1.6倍;影响机理与Fe-Al金属间化合物和Cr0.19 Fe0.1 Ni0.11固溶体在涂层内部均匀弥散分布有关。     

镍铝氮化硼封严涂层喷涂工艺研究

以镍铝包氮化硼粉末为喷涂材料,采用大气等离子喷涂工艺制备高温封严涂层,以扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等方法分析、观察了涂层的组织及结构,测试了涂层的结合强度和表面洛氏硬度。结果表明:涂层呈典型的层状结构,由镍铝金属化合物、氮化硼多相组成,涂层与基体结合强度为10.57MPa,涂层表面洛氏硬度为74.8(HR15Y),涂层抗热震性能良好。     

飞机发动机封严涂层的研究

采用正交设计实验方法对 BH封严涂层的组成进行了优选,并对涂层的固化工艺进行了优选,确定了 BH封严涂层的最佳组成和固化工艺。BH封严涂层的外观均匀细致、气孔数量少,且孔径小。涂层的耐冷热循环性能比目前使用的封严涂层提高了 4倍以上,可耐 3 8次冷热循环,且涂层的固化工艺比较简便。研究发现 :BH封严涂层满足了 3 0 0℃条件下热稳定性的要求;石墨填料有利于改善涂层的附着性能;涂层的硬度主要取决于石棉、ZL填料的含量;封严涂层的耐冷热循环性能主要取决于涂层与基体热膨胀系数的差异     

新型多组元复合粉末等离子喷涂工艺研究

多组元复合粉末制备的可磨耗封严涂层在先进航空发动机中已经广泛应用。本文对新型多组元粉末制备可磨耗封严涂层的工艺进行了实验设计(DOE),结果表明等离子喷涂时的氩气流量和氢气流量对封严涂层硬度值影响最大,经过优化后涂层的硬度可达到5.4～5.5mm的压痕直径,满足先进航空发动机封严涂层维修要求。     

典型中温封严涂层的抗冲蚀性能

用喷射冲蚀法考核了三类典型中温封严涂层的抗冲蚀性，以确定能反映实际使用情况的抗冲蚀性试验方法。通过对试验结果的归纳、分析，探讨了涂层组织、成分和硬度与抗冲蚀性之间的联系以及系统参量对抗冲蚀性的影响规律。     

可磨耗封严涂层研究进展

可磨耗封严涂层是一种重要的热喷涂涂层,广泛应用于飞机发动机,对提高发动机效率、降低油耗进而提升发动机整体性能具有重要意义.本文介绍了可磨耗封严涂层材料的主要种类及其发展趋势,阐述了可磨耗封严涂层性能评价方法.     

TC4钛合金表面激光原位反应制备TiN涂层及性能研究

利用激光原位反应技术在TC4钛合金表面制备了无裂纹、组织均匀致密的TiN涂层,并分析了激光氮化层的显微组织、成分和物相,测试了涂层横截面显微硬度、涂层耐磨性能及抗SiO_2颗粒高速冲蚀的能力。结果表明:在适当的激光参数下制备的氮化钛涂层与TC4基体之间呈现良好的冶金结合,其界面结合强度为240～270MPa;涂层主要为硬质TiN相,涂层硬度高达1550HV_(0.1),约为基材的4.5倍;涂层磨损失重量是TC4钛合金的14.7%;在60o冲蚀角度下,基材的冲蚀质量损失为涂层的2倍。     

纳米Al2O3添加对ZrO2涂层显微结构与性能的影响

以纳米Al2O3,和ZrO2为原料,利用大气等离子喷涂技术(APS)沉积了ZrO2,ZrO2-15%Al2O3,(体积分数,下同)和ZrO2-30%Al2O3三种涂层.运用FESEM,SEM,TEM,XRD和Raman Spectroscopy等分析技术对涂层相组成、显微结构进行了确定.测定了涂层的结合强度、显微硬度等性能.结果表明:Al2O3添加并不改变ZrO2涂层主晶相组成,但主晶相拉曼峰明显展宽.Al2O3颗粒以非晶形式存在于ZrO2颗粒间,有利于ZrO2涂层的增强增韧性能.ZrO2涂层中可观测到团簇颗粒与层状结构组成的双模结构.ZrO2涂层的沉积效率、结合强度与显微硬度可明显提高,有利于ZrO2涂层使用寿命与抗摩擦性能的改善.     

TC4表面钛基激光熔覆层中WC熔解行为及摩擦学性能

WC是有效提升TC4合金表面摩擦学性能的熔覆合成材料之一,但其易在涂层中残留未熔颗粒,影响涂层的质量与性能。本研究采用同轴送粉激光熔覆技术,在TC4表面制备5%,10%和15%（质量分数/%）WC的TC4+WC钛基耐磨涂层,分析研究涂层的宏微观组织、显微硬度及摩擦学性能,重点揭示WC在熔池中的熔解和残留机制。结果表明：WC添加未影响涂层生成相种类,析出相主要包括原位TiC和基体相α-Ti、β-Ti,其中TiC与涂层中残留WC颗粒形成了共格包覆镶嵌结构相,阻止WC在熔池中的进一步熔解,导致WC在涂层中产生残留、团聚现象;WC添加量与涂层显微硬度呈正相关分布;随着材料体系中WC含量逐渐增加,涂层耐磨性能逐步提高,三个WC添加量涂层磨损率较TC4基材分别下降了约21.1%、38.2%和56.1%,但残留WC导致涂层摩擦磨损过程产生局部应力集中,摩擦学性能出现明显波动。     

NiCrAl-NiC封严涂层在硫氯酸盐中的热腐蚀行为

为探究NiCrAl-NiC封严涂层在高温熔盐环境下的腐蚀行为,使用大气等离子喷涂技术制备NiCrAl-NiC封严涂层。通过测量NiCrAl-NiC封严涂层的失重情况研究涂层的动力学变化,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、激光共聚焦显微镜等方法,探讨NiCrAl-NiC封严涂层在650℃下混合硫氯酸盐(75%Na₂SO₄+25%NaCl)中的热腐蚀行为。结果表明：在进行10 h的热腐蚀实验后,NiCrAl-NiC封严涂层呈现出快速增重状态,增重速率为32.041 mg₂·cm^-4·h^-1。在进行20 h的热腐蚀实验后,涂层由于表面氧化膜的脱落而发生减重现象。在热腐蚀进行了30 h后,涂层表面膜的生长覆盖了整个涂层,涂层表面形貌均匀,表面孔隙减少,可以对基体起到很好的保护作用。在完整的氧化膜的保护作用下,进行了40 h热腐蚀实验的NiCrAl-NiC封严涂层的质量变化速率为0.064 mg²·cm^-4·h^-1<...     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.