极小型氢频标磁控管微波腔的仿真设计

用Ansoft HFSS仿真软件建立了极小型氢频标磁控管微波腔的几种模型结构,在给定腔体尺寸下,仿真了不同电极间距的空型和磁控管型微波腔谐振频率和品质因数,得出极小型氢频标磁控管微波腔的设计参数,并对实际设计中影响磁控管微波腔谐振频率的因素给出了建议。     

小型氢原子频标微波腔本征值问题的计算机仿真分析

使用Ansoft HFSS软件分别仿真计算了氢原子频标中标准尺寸微波腔、蓝宝石部分介质充填微波腔和不同金属极片间距的磁控管微波腔,并分析了储存泡对谐振频率的影响,得到极片间距和储存泡对谐振频率的影响趋势,对于实际工作时主要影响谐振频率的极片间距的选择给出了建议。     

低功率超导谐振腔的设计和仿真

针对目前超导稳频振荡器（scso）具有高短期稳定度这一特点,详细介绍了超导谐振腔的设计,并对同轴线激励该超导微波腔内TE011模的输入输出耦合方式进行了仿真分析。仿真实验数据表明了设计的有效性。     

氢频标蓝宝石微波腔温度补偿的实验研究

针对当前蓝宝石氢原子频标微波腔的频率温度系数比较高,提出采用一种新的负温度系数晶体—钛酸锶。通过软件仿真计算,对蓝宝石微波腔进行介质温度补偿设计及优化,并比较了钛酸锶与金红石的温度补偿能力。根据仿真设计进行实验,得到的实验结果证明了介质补偿的有效性。当钛酸锶晶体尺寸为Φ17×8 mm时,温度系数为由无补偿时的-66 kHz/℃降为-10.35 kHz/℃。     

氢频标蓝宝石微波腔金红石温度补偿的仿真设计

为了降低氢原子频标蓝宝石微波腔的频率温度系数,提出采用介质温度补偿技术。该技术利用负温度系数晶体——金红石补偿蓝宝石由于温度变化而引起的介电常数的变化,通过理论计算比较了补偿前后各参数的变化,最后通过软件仿真来验证理论计算的正确性,并确定补偿介质的引入不影响咂。模式。当补偿介质环高度为5mm时,微波腔的频率温度系数为-28．99kHz／℃,Q值为41648,与实验结果相近。     

小型铯原子钟微波腔调谐过程的仿真研究

通过建立模型,利用Ansoft HFSS 12.0对小型铯原子钟内微波腔的调谐过程进行了仿真,得到了调谐棒半径、在调配器内长度与微波腔谐振频率之间的关系曲线。结果表明,调谐棒半径一定时,调谐棒长度在一定范围内,微波腔谐振频率随着长度的增加逐渐下降;随着半径的增大,微波腔谐振频率的变化范围逐渐增大,在铯原子跃迁中心频率处,调谐棒长度对微波腔谐振频率的影响变大。根据仿真结果,给出了调谐棒半径的取值范围,为微波腔的设计、加工和调谐提供了理论指导。     

汽室型铷原子频标中微波腔的小型化

讨论了实现汽室型铷原子频标微波腔小型化的技术途径,给出了自主研制的小型化微波腔的三维仿真结果和外型结构,介绍了以新研制的小型微波腔为基础构成的小型化腔泡系统。小型化微波腔的研制成功,使整个物理系统的体积减小。在小型化的条件下,整机短期频率稳定度达到了国际同类产品水平。     

一种小型化铷原子频标TE_(111)微波腔研究

在理论分析的基础上,选择加载铷泡的TE111模式微波腔。设计一种小型化铷原子频标微波腔。容积24.5mL,重量120g。并初步实现一种腔内倍频的方案。通过与铷频标整机进行联调,能够实现闭环锁定并给出了整机的短期稳定度测试指标。为小型化铷原子频标研制创造了条件。     

铷原子频标TE111微波腔的仿真分析及实验

使用AnsoftHFSS软件建立铷原子频标微波腔内加载集成泡的模型,仿真并分析了集成泡尺寸和安装位置对腔体谐振频率的影响,最后进行了实验验证。结果表明,仿真得出的结论和实验结果有一定的一致性,加载不同尺寸集成泡对微波腔谐振频率影响明显并且呈一定规律分布,这对于中微波腔的设计具有重要的参考价值。     

开槽管微波腔中微波场场型优化

我们先前的一项研究工作表明,目前本实验室使用的开槽管微波腔的模式类似为TE111腔模式。对铷原子频标而言,这并不是最佳模式。最近我们对开槽管微波腔结构做了改进,并利用高频结构仿真软件（HFSS）仿真及实验证明,改进后的模式类似为TE011腔模式。这为我们设计出性能更高的铷原子频标物理系统奠定了基础。     

介质参数对吸收体电磁散射影响的研究

二维周期渐变微波吸收体由金属基体和涂敷有耗介质构成。有耗介质的厚度、介电常数和磁导率是影响吸收体电磁散射特性的主要因素,因此有必要分析这些参数对吸收体电磁散射特性的影响。根据吸收体的二维周期性结构特点,把分析介质参数对吸收体雷达散射截面(RCS)的影响简化成分析介质参数对涂敷导体二面角RCS的影响。利用矩量法给出涂敷导体二面角的RCS随介质参数变化的计算例子,并结合天线阵列技术算出最佳介质厚度时吸收体的RCS。     

反舰导弹平面机动突防策略的优化设计

研究了遗传算法在反舰导弹综合突防策略的优化设计方面的应用.反舰导弹的综合突防包括若干个相互承接的环节,首先将反舰导弹的综合突防概率优化问题分解为各个环节突防的条件概率的优化问题,复杂事件得到简化.反舰导弹为了提高突防概率必须做机动,每个环节对应的机动参数取值在一定范围内变化,每个环节的突防概率受到对应的这组参数的影响.选用遗传算法对突防参数进行优化设计.用遗传算法对反舰导弹各个突防环节进行优化设计,找出使每个突防环节突防概率最大的一组参数,进而得到综合突防最优机动参数组合,使反舰导弹的综合突防概率最大.     

Fitness to work of astronauts in conditions of action of the extreme emotional factors.

The theoretical model for the quantitative determination of influence of a level of emotional exertion on the success of human activity is presented. The learning curves of fixed words in the groups with a different level of the emotional exertion are analyzed. The obtained magnitudes of time constant T depending on a type of the emotional exertion are a quantitative measure of the emotional exertion. Time constants could also be of use for a prediction of the characteristic of fitness to work of an astronaut in conditions of extreme factors. The inverse of the sign of influencing on efficiency of activity of the man is detected. The paper offers a mathematical model of the relation between successful activity and motivations or the emotional exertion (Yerkes-Dodson law). Proposed models can serve by the theoretical basis of the quantitative characteristics of an estimation of activity of astronauts in conditions of the emotional factors at a phase of their selection.     

The use of an electric field in increasing the resistance of plants to the action of unfavorable space flight factors.

The key role in increasing the resistance of plants to unfavorable space flight factors is assigned to biomembranes of root cells. It is these biomembranes in which numerous biochemical and biophysical processes determining the adaptive capacity of plant organisms occur. In the initial period of exposure to unfavorable space flight factors the adaptation reactions of the plant organism undoubtedly increase its resistance. But the intensification of removal of H+ ions through the plasmalemma with an increase of the external influence sharply raises the quantity of cations leaving the cell, which leads to the accumulation of a considerable quantity of intracellular negative charges. These charges together with negative charges built in the membrane force protons to concentrate on the external surface of the membrane. Since protons have a very strong electric field, they form such a charge of which the electric field is about from several to hundreds of V/cm. The concentration of positive charges of protons entails the formation of a double electric field which extremely impedes the diffusion of other ions. Thus, a proton barrier is formed. Its length can be very considerable due to which the whole process of transmembrane energy and mass-transfer is disturbed. The proton barrier is easily destroyed by a weak electric field created in the root zone. In experiments on electrostimulation of different plants under space flight conditions at the orbital station MIR the absorption of nutrient elements by the root system increased to the optimal level, the ratio of physiologically active substances in the rhizosphere was normalized, the content of chlorophyll, carotin, and ascorbic acid in leaves corresponded to the ground-based control. Understanding of the mechanism of formation of a proton barrier on the plasmalemma of root cells as a result of the response of plants to the negative action of external factors (microgravity) is of great importance. It allows the possibility of life support of the vegetable kingdom in extreme conditions to be estimated in a new way.     

The physical mechanism of the solar variability influence on electrical and climatic characteristics of the troposphere

Possible mechanisms of solar–climatic connections, which may be of importance over short and long time intervals, are discussed. The variations of energetic balance of Earth’s climatic system for the last 50 years are estimated. It is ascertained that the imbalance between the flux of solar energy that comes to the Earth and radiates to space is of 0.1% for the last ten years. The significance is analyzed for the possible influence of variations of solar constant upon the energetic balance of the atmosphere.The physical mechanism of the influence of solar activity on climatic characteristics and the atmospheric circulation is suggested and theoretically substantiated. The mechanism is based on the redistribution in lower-troposphere of condensation nuclei by the vertical electric field. This electric field is determined by the ionosphere–Earth electric potential, which in the Polar Regions is controlled not only by tropical thunderstorms and by the galactic cosmic-ray intensity but also by solar cosmic-ray fluxes. The height redistribution in the atmosphere of condensation nuclei with a change of the electric field of the atmosphere is accompanied by a change in total latent heat (phase transition of water vapor), by changes in radiation balance, and by subsequent changes of the thermobaric field of troposphere. The results of analysis of thermobaric field variations for the periods of invasion of abnormally powerful solar cosmic ray fluxes and magnetic storms confirm the reality of manifestation of heliogeophysical disturbances.     

New model of hair cell bundle functioning in otoliths.

Transformation of the mechanical input in the chain: acceleration of otolithic membrane (OM)-displacement of the OM gel layer -deflection of hair cell bundle (HCB) -deformation of the system of tip-links- formation of temporal pattern of polarization was studied using simplified analytical models of these stages of conversion of mechanical stimulus into the HCB electrical response. The process of transformation of information in this chain was considered for two extreme cases of OM gel-HCB interaction: 1) the HCBs exactly follow the gel displacement; 2) stiff stereocilia and weak surrounding gel allow the relative motion of the bundle with regard to the gel. The analysis of a simplified model of cell polarization based on threshold triggering of the HCB tip-links allows to hypothesize that spatially nonhomogeneous HCB structure with a set of stereocilia of varying heights is designed to perceive spatially nonhomogeneous gel displacements caused by external acceleration. Thus, the HCB-OM gel interaction in the first case leads to formation of temporal pattern of depolarization that corresponds to the temporal pattern of gel displacement. In the second case the kinetics of depolarization reflects time dependence of gel displacement velocity.     

倾转四旋翼飞行器倾转过渡走廊分析方法

针对倾转四旋翼（QTR）飞行器过渡飞行中的变速、变体特点,提出了一种确定倾转四旋翼飞行器倾转过渡走廊的方法,该方法从飞行力学角度用机翼升力特性限制低速和高速边界,以单旋翼可用功率限制高速边界。所提方法确定了无周期变距的倾转四旋翼飞行器样机倾转过渡走廊,并分析了其在倾转过渡飞行中不同机体迎角下各气动部件的气动力以及前后旋翼需用功率随飞行速度的变化规律。结果表明:倾转四旋翼飞行器在小机体迎角下倾转优于在大机体迎角下倾转;各气动部件提供的垂向力占比会随着机体迎角的改变而变化;机翼升力特性高速边界和单旋翼功率限制边界共同组成了倾转四旋翼飞行器倾转过渡走廊的高速边界;单旋翼可用功率限制边界比总可用功率限制边界更严格。      

基于测量确定性或诊断性参数对剩余使用寿命的判定

在测量确定性或诊断性参数基础上,介绍了发生故障前在使用寿命的扩散分布过程中对剩余寿命评估的方法。在使用中当不能测量寿命(确定性)参数,但能测量某些诊断性参数(一个或几个),而这些参数能间接的反映了项目寿命的消耗时,那么必须进行预先研究适应于寿命(确定性)参数极限值的诊断性参数极限值,然后就能按照使用中测量的诊断性参数来预测该项目的剩余使用寿命。在这种情况下提出了剩余使用寿命预测的数学模型。     

Kinetic characteristics of the theoretical ecosystems with different extent of openness.

In this paper, the influence of the extent of openness of ecosystem that is defined by the dilution rate, which characterizes the extent of flowage of the pond, on the intensity of the biotic circulation in ecosystems with different regulation types, number of trophic links and extent of closing has been investigated. We considered open systems, we took into account the return of the limiting substances, such as nitrogen and phosphorous, into the cycle by degradation of detritus and products of vital functions of consumers. It was shown by the numerical calculations that the increase of the dilution rate in without recycle ecosystems leads to increase of the net primary production up to the maximum value corresponding to the two-link trophic chain (biogenic substance and producer) and then, to gradually decrease. The residual concentration of biogenic limiting substances monotone increases. Net primary production and residual concentration of biogenic limiting substances in systems with recycle with even number of links behaves similarly to that in without recycle ecosystems. In the systems with recycle with the odd number of links that values lies on the stable level. We showed that in wide range of the dilution rate the recycling of the ecosystem can highly increase the net primary production and reduce residual concentration of biogenic limiting substances. The influence of the dilution rate on numbers of links that may exist in the system was analyzed.     

电离层短波射线追踪

本文以电离层等离子体参量的平均背景模式计算为基础, 给出一种电离层短波射线轨迹计算方法。供短波通信系统、工作于短波段的其它系统(如HF雷达的目标定位系统)及有关研究工作使用参考。