最大50μm碳氟固体润滑涂层工艺实践

针对某航空发动机燃油调节系统使用最大厚度达50μm的碳氟固体润滑涂层,本文对使用背景、涂层性能、加工方式、涂装工艺参数、表面预处理、喷涂作业、涂层补充加工、涂层质量评价等工艺实践进行了介绍。     

490N远地点发动机抗氧化涂层厚度对性能的影响

针对用于二代490 N远地点发动机推力室的改性硅化物高温抗氧化涂层,重点研究涂层厚度对性能的影响,对不同厚度涂层进行了1700℃静态氧化试验.结果表明:涂层厚度在100 ～200μm内,涂层寿命随厚度变化呈现抛物线规律,低于150 μm时,厚度较高的涂层能够生产更多的SiO2有利于性能提高;高于150μm后,涂层缺陷过多,导致涂层性能下降.综合考虑,涂层最优厚度为140～160 μm.     

热障涂层厚度及厚度不均热无损检测的数值模拟

研究了热障涂层(TBC)厚度及厚度不均的红外热无损检测(IRTNDT)的建模和基于有限单元法的数值模拟。在柱坐标系下以轴对称模型描述热障涂层结构的瞬态热传导,建立相应的物理模型及有限元模型。用有限元分析软件ANSYS计算涂层结构受热脉冲激励后的温度场,研究热无损检测可检信息参数(如最大温差和最大对比度)与厚度特征参数(厚度差和厚度)的关系。结果表明,在涂层公称厚度一定时,最大温差和最大对比度与厚度差呈非线性关系,它们随着厚度差的增大而增大;在涂层厚度差一定时,最大温差和最大对比度与涂层公称厚度呈非线性关系,它们随着涂层公称厚度的增加而减小。利用计算所得的可检信息参数与厚度特征参数的关系可以反向估计陶瓷层厚度差和厚度。这些研究结果为热障涂层厚度及厚度不均的红外热无损检测及表征提供了基本理论依据。     

陶瓷热障涂层的隔热效果研究

通过理论公式推导和试验测量,得出 :热障涂层的隔热效果与环境温差成正比,但同等环境温差下涂层在更高的温度工作时,由于涂层材料导热系数的增大,其隔热效果减小。涂层厚度与隔热效果在实际涂层应用的厚度范围内也接近线性关系。随着发动机叶片冷却气流换热系数增大,热障涂层的隔热效果也越大,但两者并不是线性关系。涂层隔热效果随导热系数的减小而增大,并且在低导热系数区,热障涂层隔热效果对导热系数的变化更敏感。随着涂层的厚度增大,导热系数的改变所具有的增加涂层隔热效果的作用越大;但涂层越厚,单位厚度涂层导热系数改变所取得的隔热效果越低     

航空齿轮涂层材料优选及涂层厚度优化

基于赫兹接触理论建立了齿轮接触有限元分析模型。以Cr/a-C、a-C、B4C/a-C复合陶瓷涂层材料为优选对象和一对典型航空直齿圆柱齿轮为载体,通过齿轮涂层应力场分析,确定了齿轮涂层优选材料及涂层材料最佳厚度。结果表明:B4C/a-C涂层材料与齿轮基体材料具有较好的匹配性,涂层厚度与赫兹接触半宽之比为0.02时,齿轮基体与涂层结合面处剪切应力较小,且此涂层厚度满足磁控溅射涂层制备工艺要求。研究结果为后续齿轮涂层试验件设计提供了理论依据。     

空客A320系列飞机雷达罩防静电涂层电连续性问题研究

详细阐述了空客A320系列飞机雷达罩防静电涂层的作用机理,并依据维修手册,确定了影响防静电涂层电连续性的影响因素。通过试验,确认主要影响因素为防静电涂层的干膜厚度。有效的防静电涂层喷涂用量控制可控制防静电涂层的干膜厚度,从而实现防静电涂层的电连续性测试一次性通过。     

热障涂层喷涂质量微焦点CT检测

采用微焦点X射线源对热障涂层样品进行了高分辨率X射线成像研究,采用多尺度对比度增强算法提高了热障涂层与基体之间的对比度.X射线图像显示热障涂层各处厚度差异较大,热障涂层内部可能存在大量孔隙.通过微焦点计算机层析成像(CT)对样品进行了高分辨率CT扫描与重建,得到了样品的CT重建图像.从热障涂层CT图像观察到热障涂层内部存在大量孔隙,且不同层孔隙尺寸、数量不同.结合3个坐标方向的切片图像分析了热障涂层深度方向的热障涂层厚度,得到了热障涂层厚度的二维分布,测量得到热障涂层平均厚度约为40μm.对沿热障涂层深度方向850~1131层切片图像,利用可视化软件VGstudio MAX得到了热障涂层内部孔隙三维分布.研究结果表明:微焦点CT可用于热障涂层制备工艺质量检测.      

镍基合金表面低温包埋渗制备铝化物涂层的研究(英文)

研究了于镍基合金表面低温包埋渗铝的可行性。包埋渗涂层为双层结构,外层主要由Al3Ni2和Al3Ni相组成,内层主要由Al3Ni2相组成。之后研究了实验条件对涂层微观结构和元素分布的影响。结果显示,除催化剂含量外,其余所有因素只影响涂层的厚度,并不影响其微观结构和元素分布。催化剂的含量既不影响涂层厚度,又不影响涂层的微观结构和元素分布。涂层厚度和沉积时间遵循抛物线规律说明实验进程为扩散控制。然后本文进一步证明了涂层厚度与沉积温度的倒数之间存在线性关系。     

石墨烯涂层在某型航空发动机高涡叶片中的应用

某型航空发动机高压涡轮叶片长期服役后,其前缘处易产生烧蚀脱落现象,严重影响发动机的后续可靠使用.为改善高涡叶片前缘烧蚀问题,通过吹砂、喷涂及烧结等方式在叶片前缘处涂覆石墨烯涂层以作应用研究,结果表明:叶片石墨烯涂层厚度均匀,组织致密,富含ZrO2和Cr2O3,其相关力学、热学性能满足使用要求,经长试后发现石墨烯涂层对叶...     

SiC内层厚度对SiC/Si-MoSi2涂层抗氧化性能影响的研究

为了提高石墨材料的抗氧化性,在石墨表面制备SiC/Si-MoSi2抗氧化涂层.首先采用液硅渗透在石墨材料表面制备SiC内涂层,然后采用料浆刷涂法制备Si-MoSi2外层.详细研究了SiC内层厚度对所制备的SiC/Si-MoSi2涂层抗氧化性能的影响.结果表明,SiC内层厚度对涂层的氧化防护能力有很大影响;在本实验条件下,当SiC内层厚度为240μm左右时,所制备的涂层在1 400℃的高温下对碳基体具有长时间的氧化防护性能.并从微观结构上分析和解释SiC内层厚度对所制备涂层的抗氧化性能的影响.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。