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1.
为了评估空间碎片超高速撞击航天器的碎片云破坏能力,挖掘超高速撞击数值模 拟结果数据的应用价值,基于9.53 mm铝球以6.64 km/s速度对2.2 mm铝靶撞 击的Ls-Dyna/SPH(Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic)数值模拟研究结果,对靶后碎片云的 粒子动能进行求和统计,建立了碎片云比动能概念和函数形式;碎片云比动能综合考虑了靶 后所有碎片云粒子的动能,反映了一定距离处垂直于撞击方向平面上单位面积上的碎片云粒 子所蕴含的撞击能量;应用碎片云比动能概念,揭示出随着演化距离的增加,碎片云能量的 衰减规律;通过不同速度条件下的SPH计算,得到了碎片云的比动能函数的曲线形式随撞击 速度的变化规律;最后对采用2种材料模型进行数值模拟所对应的结果误差进行碎片云比动 能函数的曲线比较,反映出数值模拟中不同材料模型引起的差异.   相似文献   

2.
解体速度增量是解体事件强度的重要指征, 它决定了解体产生碎片的轨道分布. 通过分析解体速度增量可以推断解体强度, 确定解体形式. 解体速度增量有两种计算方法, 即轨道位置演化法和轨道面相交法. 轨道位置演化法是根据解体前后轨道速度的变化直接得到解体速度增量; 而轨道面相交法是利用母体以及解体碎片的球面三角几何关系, 根据解体碎片的倾角和升交点赤经变化, 以及母体轨道的倾角和近地点辐角, 计算解体时刻母体轨道的真近点角, 从而得到解体的时间和速度增量. 相比来说, 轨道位置演化法适用于数据精度高, 解体高度高情况下的解体事件分析, 而轨道面相交法适用于解体高度低, 碎片数据公布时间较为滞后的解体事件分析. 根据解体速度增量的计算方法及其原理, 对两种方法的适用性进行了比较和讨论, 并选取已经发生的三次解体事件, 利用美国公布的TLE数据, 针对具体情况选择计算方法, 给出了三次解体事件发生的时间和解体碎片在空间三个方向上的速度增量.  相似文献   

3.
卫星高压气瓶的超高速撞击试验   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
微流星体及空间碎片超高速撞击对在轨航天器构成了严重威胁,星上压力容器受空间碎片撞击后所产生的威胁是十分严重的,可能导致航天器发生灾难性失效,过早结束其使命。文章通过星上常用气瓶的超高速撞击试验,获取了不同弹丸撞击参数下气瓶器壁的通孔孔径,得到了在弹丸撞击速度为(6.5±0.3)km/s、无防护情况下气瓶器壁的弹道极限,并分析了导致充压气瓶灾难性失效的弹丸直径范围;通过对试验数据拟合,初步建立了弹丸正撞击速度为(6.5±0.3)km/s、无防护情况下气瓶器壁的通孔孔径预测公式,为航天器遭遇空间碎片撞击的风险评估及防护措施制定提供依据。  相似文献   

4.
随着空间探测任务的多样化和复杂化,利用单个航天器的多舱段实现多任务、多目标探测已成为航天技术的发展趋势。通常情况下,舱段分离信号将触发航天器的后续自主控制,直接影响航天器的自身安全和后续任务执行。本文从保证分离信号可靠和分离过程安全的角度提出了一种典型的分离信号配置与通用的分离信号触发控制逻辑,并建立了航天器在轨分离安全性数学模型。该模型和逻辑控制方法经过仿真分析和实际在轨飞行任务验证,确认了方法的可行性和正确性,可以作为后续航天任务的参考。  相似文献   

5.
1 概况 □□航天器寿命受到航天器上可消耗物质装载量的限制。航天器上可消耗流体物质包括推进剂、制冷剂、电源介质和生保气体等。航天器载荷舱内载有一些低温测量仪器(如红外天文望远镜),需要通过低温制冷系统来维持低温测量仪器的工作温度,因此制冷剂耗损直接影响测量仪器的寿命。航天器变轨和轨道保持需要消耗一定的燃料,对于长期工作航天器,其燃料将影响航天器的在轨寿命和轨道保持要求。 在空间轨道上建立长期的大型空间实验室(如国际空间站),需要消耗大量的流体物质,因而需要定期地补给燃料。例如,航天大国正积极致力于…  相似文献   

6.
空间碎片云由空间物体解体产生的大量空间碎片组成,由于其相对集中地分布在有限的空间内,将会对临近航天器产生较大的碰撞威胁。为了分析解体碎片云长期分布特点,文章首先利用数值积分方法对空间碎片云短期分布规律进行了研究;在此基础上,针对处于环状分布的碎片云,根据碎片所在的轨道高度和具有的面质比值,将碎片划分到不同分组,以每个组作为研究对象,建立了描述碎片云在大气阻力作用下的解析演化模型。模型避免了对单个解体碎片的运动状态进行积分,可大大降低对计算资源和计算时间的需求。考虑在高度为1422km 圆轨道上运行的物体,解体产生了1780个碎片,利用解析演化模型得到碎片云未来50年内的演化分布状态。数值结果表明,碎片云的峰值密度在解体物体轨道高度附近,并在大气阻力作用下向更大高度区间内扩散;较低高度区间内碎片密度具有先增加,然后在大气阻力作用下不断减少的特点。  相似文献   

7.
针对在轨航天器低频密集和辨识时激励源有限且难于测量等特点,开展了适用于低频密集模态且不需激励信息的在轨航天器动力学参数辨识方法的研究,探讨了直接利用在轨响应数据在频域内辨识航天器动力学参数的技术;并根据在轨航天器低频密集特点,设计了在轨航天器动力学参数辨识仿真试验系统,对该辨识方法进行了试验验证。  相似文献   

8.
航天器在轨运行的修复手段主要是软件的在轨修复.SPARC平台是我国航天领域应用最广泛的处理器架构设计.针对SPARC平台的航天器软件在轨修复问题,提出一种基于二次链接的方式生成在轨软件修复注入码的方法,解决在轨修复注入码重定位的问题.通过地面遥控注入,利用航天器在轨软件预埋的钩子函数,实现在轨函数模块的动态替换及恢复,大大提升SPARC平台软件的在轨修复能力.通过多个在轨航天器的实际工程应用,证明该方法是可行的和有效的,且具有良好的工程应用价值.  相似文献   

9.
2008年上半年俄罗斯的Cosmos 2421卫星接连发生了三次不同程度的解体, 并产生了数百颗碎片. 本文利用美国公布的Cosmos 2421卫星及其碎片的两行根数系列, 对三次解体事件发生的时间, 解体碎片的轨道分布、速度分布和面积质量比以及寿命等进行了分析, 并对解体碎片对航天器的影响进行了评估. 分析结果表明, Cosmos2421卫星的三次解体事件分别发生在2008年3月14日、4月28日、6月9日; 解体碎片分布在200~1400 km 的高度范围内; Cosmos 2421卫星解体导致的碎片在空间三个方向上的速度增量均值分别为-8.4m/s, 8.6m/s, -8.3m/s; 67%的解体碎片的寿命都在1年以内, 解体事件造成500 km以下的空间碎片空间密度增加, 对载人航天器产生了影响. 通过对Cosmos 2421卫星解体事件的分析可以看出, 利用解体碎片的轨道信息可以反演解体事件特性, 根据解体碎片的寿命和空间密度分布的计算结果可以评估解体事件对未来发射活动和在轨卫星的影响.  相似文献   

10.
共面圆轨道航天器在轨服务任务规划   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为了降低\"一对多\"在轨服务的成本,以共面圆轨道卫星群为研究对象,开展了在轨服务任务规划问题的研究。首先,对\"一对多\"在轨服务任务场景进行了分析,建立了任务规划数学模型,将其简化为包含内层Lambert问题、外层最优时间分配问题的双层优化模型。然后,给出了任务规划求解方法及流程,提出采用工程图解法的思想求解内层多圈Lambert问题,采用遗传算法求解外层最优时间分配问题。最后,以三个目标航天器为例,针对限制和不限制在轨服务任务完成总时间这两种情况,采用上述方法进行求解,计算结果验证了方法的有效性。  相似文献   

11.
Breakup model is the key area of space debris environment modeling. NASA standard breakup model is currently the most widely used for general-purpose. It is a statistical model found based on space surveillance data and a few ground-based test data. NASA model takes the mass, impact velocity magnitude for input and provides the fragment size, area-to-mass ratio, velocity magnitude distributions for output. A more precise approach for spacecraft disintegration fragment analysis is presented in this paper. This approach is based on hypervelocity impact dynamics and takes the shape, material, internal structure and impact location etc. of spacecraft and impactor, which might greatly affect the fragment distribution, into consideration. The approach is a combination of finite element and particle methods, entitled finite element reconstruction (FER). By reconstructing elements from the particle debris cloud, reliable individual fragments are identified. Fragment distribution is generated with undirected graph conversion and connected component analysis. Ground-based test from literature is introduced for verification. In the simulation satellite targets and impactors are modeled in detail including the shape, material, internal structure and so on. FER output includes the total number of fragments and the mass, size and velocity vector of each fragment. The reported fragment distribution of FER shows good agreement with the test, and has good accuracy for small fragments.  相似文献   

12.
Material density is an important, yet often overlooked, property of orbital debris particles. Many models simply use a typical density to represent all breakup fragments. While adequate for modeling average characteristics in some applications, a single value material density may not be sufficient for reliable impact damage assessments. In an attempt to improve the next-generation NASA Orbital Debris Engineering Model, a study on the material density distribution of the breakup fragments has been conducted and summarized in this paper.  相似文献   

13.
针对航天器解体事件所生成的空间碎片的演化过程,进行了数学分析,确定了新生成的空间碎片的速度增量,在该增量作用下碎片轨道会发生变更,本文根据该增量得出了空间碎片在轨道变更后的轨道根数,分析了在大气阻力摄动作用下,空间碎片的数目和轨道分布的演化情况,给出了相关结果,结果表明此算法可行.  相似文献   

14.
    
A local orbital debris flux analysis is performed in the geostationary (GEO) ring to investigate how frequently near-miss events occur for each longitude slot in the GEO ring. The current resident space object (RSO) environment at GEO is evaluated, and publicly-available two-line element (TLE) data are utilized in tandem with a geostationary torus configuration to simulate near-miss events incurred by the trackable RSO population at GEO. Methodology for determining near-miss events with this formulation is introduced, and the results of the analysis for a one-year time frame are provided to illustrate the need for active GEO remediation.  相似文献   

15.
    
As the pace of human exploration and utilization of space continues to accelerate, space debris gradually becomes an inevitable problem affecting and threatening human space activities. When space debris strikes the spacecraft bulkhead, determining the impact source location timely and accurately is the foundation of the repair damage, and is also of great importance for the safety of astronauts' life. This paper analyzed the wave propagation law in thin plates, established a lightweight sensor array using PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride) circular thin-film sensors, and used a two-stage light-gas gun loading system to conduct hypervelocity collision localization experiments on impacting 2A12 aluminum plates to study the effects of sensor array radius and sensor size on localization results. The results show that the smaller the radius of the PVDF sensor array is, the more accurate the positioning result is under the premise of the same size of the PVDF circular film sensor array. On the premise of the same PVDF sensor array arrangement, the larger the PVDF circular membrane sensor is, the more accurate the positioning result is. ABAQUS finite element software is used to study the stress wave propagation of aluminum ball impacting aluminum plate at high speed, simulating space debris impacting spacecraft. The stress waveform obtained from the simulation is in good agreement with the experiment, which shows the accuracy of the numerical simulation method.  相似文献   

16.
单层板撞击成坑声发射辨识及参数估计研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
空间碎片撞击航天器的威胁对发展在轨感知系统提出需求,为研制基于声发射技术的感知系统,有必要研究利用声发射波形分析对防护结构进行损伤模式辨识的方法。文章利用超声传感器进行了铝弹丸超高速撞击单层板的声发射信号采集实验及其数值仿真,并对波形在时域和频域内进行分析,结果表明:声发射波形的主波谷值随撞击速度增加而线性增加,直到防护结构被击穿;声发射波形中的高频分量与低频分量幅值之比存在一个区别成坑模式与击穿模式的阈值。基于上述结果提出了一种在撞击弹丸尺寸已知条件下辨识成坑模式并对其撞击速度及其弹坑尺寸进行估计的方案。  相似文献   

17.
    
Micro-meteoroid and space debris impact risk assessments are performed to investigate the risk from hypervelocity impacts to sensitive spacecraft sub-systems. For these analyses, ESA’s impact risk assessment tool ESABASE2/Debris is used. This software tool combines micro-particle environment models, damage equations for different shielding designs and satellite geometry models to perform a detailed 3D micro-particle impact risk assessment. This paper concentrates on the impact risk for exposed pressurized tanks. Pressure vessels are especially susceptible to hypervelocity impacts when no protection is available from the satellite itself. Even small particles in the mm size range can lead to a fatal burst or rupture of a tank when impacting with a typical collision velocity of 10–20 km/s. For any space mission it has to be assured that the impact risk is properly considered and kept within acceptable limits. The ConeXpress satellite mission is analysed as example. ConeXpress is a planned service spacecraft, intended to extend the lifetime of telecommunication spacecraft in the geostationary orbit. The unprotected tanks of ConeXpress are identified as having a high failure risk from hypervelocity impacts, mainly caused by micro-meteoroids. Options are studied to enhance the impact protection. It is demonstrated that even a thin additional protective layer spaced several cm from the tank would act as part of a double wall (Whipple) shield and greatly reduce the impact risk. In case of ConeXpress with 12 years mission duration the risk of impact related failure of a tank can be reduced from almost 39% for an unprotected tank facing in flight direction to below 0.1% for a tank protected by a properly designed Whipple shield.  相似文献   

18.
在正常飞行状态下,飞船保持三轴稳定和对地定向姿态,其时太阳翼指向不是气流方向,它的阻尼模型较为复杂。文章阐述了载人飞船大气阻尼摄动模型将本体和太阳翼分开处理的必要性;对中国局域网的USB跟踪测量,轨道确定和预报达到了制动返回所需要的较高精度。  相似文献   

19.
The present study aimed to propose translational and rotational control of a chaser spacecraft in the close vicinity docking phase with a target subjected to external disturbances. For this purpose, two sliding mode controls (SMC) are developed to coordinate the relative position and attitude of two spacecraft. The chaser is guided to the tumbling target by the relative position control, approaching in the direction of the target docking port. At the same moment, the relative attitude control coordinates the chaser attitude so that it can be aligned with the target orientation. These control systems regulate the relative translational and rotational velocities to be zero when two spacecraft are docking. The robustness of the closed-loop system in the presence of external disturbances, measurement noises and uncertainties is guaranteed by analyzing and calculating the control gains via the Lyapunov function. The simulations in different scenarios indicated the effectiveness of the controller scheme and precise maneuver regarding the accuracy of docking conditions.  相似文献   

20.
GTO objects can potentially collide with operative satellites in LEO and GEO protected regions. Internationally accepted debris mitigation guidelines require that these objects exit these protected regions within 25?years, e.g. by re-entering and burning up in Earth’s atmosphere. In this paper, an inventory of the GTO debris generated from Ariane 5 launches in the period 2012–2017 is provided, and it is expected that none of these objects will re-enter within 25?years. For future launches, natural perturbations can be exploited to increase compliance with mitigation guidelines without the use of extra propellant or complex de-orbiting systems, which is attractive from an economic point of view. The lifetime of GTO objects is very sensitive to initial conditions and some environmental and body-related parameters, mainly due to the effect of solar gravity on the perigee altitude. As a consequence, the lifetime of a specific GTO object cannot be predicted accurately, but its probability of re-entering in less than 25?years can be estimated with proper accuracy by following a statistical approach. By propagating the orbits of over 800,000 simulated Ariane 5 GTO objects, it was found that the launch time leading to the highest probability of compliance with debris mitigation guidelines for GEO launches from Kourou corresponds to about 2 PM local time, regardless of the date of launch, which leads to compliance rates ranging from 60 to 100%. Current practice is to launch at around 5–9?PM, so a change in procedures would be required in order to reach a higher degree of compliance with debris mitigation guidelines, which was predicted to be on average below 20% for the objects generated in the period 2012–2017.  相似文献   

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