机载巡航导弹外形隐身改进的电磁散射影响

隐身技术是提高巡航导弹突防能力的重要技术手段,为分析外形隐身对巡航导弹电磁散射特性影响,建立了隐身、常规巡航导弹电磁模型,基于物理光学法和RCS减缩值,研究了外形隐身RCS曲线分布影响、频率响应特性、俯仰角响应特性。结果表明,外形隐身可大幅降低前后向散射特性,改变RCS散射波峰位置,使前后向曲线向内收敛;频率增加,前向均值和减缩值分别在-32 dBsm、25 dB左右振荡变化,其他角域RCS均值降低而减缩值增加;俯仰角变化较小时不影响散射特性,各角域RCS均值和减缩值呈振荡趋势,前向减缩值约为35 dB左右,后向俯仰角0度时最大。     

座舱及进气道对某飞翼布局电磁散射影响

座舱和进气道对飞行器隐身性能有重要作用。为分析座舱及进气道的散射影响特性,建立了四种包含不同部件的电磁模型,结合物理光学法和雷达截面积(RCS)均值相对增值概念,研究了RCS曲线分布影响、俯仰角响应特性、频率响应特性。结果表明:考虑隐身设计的座舱和进气道不改变散射分布特性,RCS曲线分布特性相似;俯仰角增加,座舱影响较小,进气道、混合座舱和进气道前向、后向、周向角域相对增值震荡性递增,频率增加,座舱对电磁散射影响不大,进气道、混合座舱和进气道的前向、后向角域的相对增值震荡减小。座舱对电磁散射影响较小,前向相对增值位于-2.4～1 dB之间,进气道对电磁散射影响较大,前向相对增值为2～12 dB。     

外挂设备对飞行器电磁散射特性的影响

外挂设备会造成飞机外形的变化,从而影响隐身性能,为了研究其带来的不同角度、频率时的电磁散射特性变化趋势和规律,以有、无外挂设备飞行器电磁模型为基础,采用物理光学法,数值模拟不同频率、不同俯仰角下的RCS曲线,分析两种模型RCS曲线分布特性、俯仰角特性,其中引入RCS相对增量概念分析外挂设备影响。结果表明:头向角域,不同俯仰角下有外挂模型算术均值呈"W"型分布,而无外挂模型为倒"V"分布;周向角域,有外挂模型呈倒"V"分布;头向角域相对增量呈"W"分布,相对增量为10~25dB;周向震荡分布,为7~17dB。     

平面埋入式进气道的电磁散射特性

 对一种平面埋入式进气道在Ku波段选择入射频率15 GHz情况下进行了电磁散射特性的实验和仿真研究,取得了平面埋入式进气道雷达散射截面（RCS）随方位角、迎角和终端的变化规律。研究结果表明: (1)平面埋入式进气道布局的导弹模型在水平极化终端为风扇时±60°RCS均值为-27.42 dBsm,垂直极化为-28.50 dBsm是一种隐身方案;(2)迎角变化对埋入式进气道RCS的影响不大,在-5°~10°的迎角范围内RCS均值的变化不大于4 dB;(3)运用时域有限差分法(FDTD)计算所得的RCS随方位角变化曲线与实验曲线趋势基本一致,±60°均值误差在1 dB左右。     

铌掺杂ITO镀膜玻璃电磁散射特性试验

座舱玻璃镀膜是实现飞行器隐身技术的重要途径之一。利用雷达散射截面(RCS)均值增益研究铌掺杂ITO镀膜玻璃隐身性能;针对不同方块电阻的铌掺杂ITO镀膜玻璃,进行系列化RCS暗室测试,分析不同入射频率、极化方式的电磁散射特性。结果表明:方块电阻增大时电磁散射减弱,合适的方块电阻(小于40Ω/m~2)有利于实现座舱外形隐身,散射特性与金属接近,频率较高时,镜面散射波峰较窄。     

低RCS飞行器表面弱散射源研究

飞行器表面不同宽度缝隙、不同高度台阶、不同结构形式对缝（主要包括横向对缝、锯齿对缝两种）等弱散射源对前方雷达截面（RCS）有着比较重要的影响,为了说明控制弱散射源的重要性,介绍了常规飞行器表面结构的缝隙、台阶等弱散射源的分布情况及特点,采用理论方法分析了缝隙的雷达后向散射强度,设计了低RCS载体和实验模型,开展了不同宽度缝隙、不同高度台阶、不同结构形式对缝的RCS实验。结果表明：减小缝隙宽度、台阶高度,采用锯齿缝隙代替直缝隙等方法,是控制隐身飞行器表面电磁缺陷的有效技术途径。     

等离子体涡电磁散射特性及隐身性能

 针对非均匀等离子体在飞行器隐身中的应用,采用分段线性电流密度递归卷积时域有限差分（PLJERC-FDTD）方法计算等离子体涡及涡串电磁散射特性,分析等离子体涡对飞行器隐身性能影响。计算表明,等离子体涡在很大频率区间对电磁波吸收效果显著,RCS降低很大,具有明显的隐身效果。等离子体涡表现出一定规律性的极化特性,对L,S和C波段电磁波具有不同的吸收、反射特性。     

用改进MMN的MLFMA分析外形隐身的多频减缩特性(英文)

为精确高效计算多极子模式数(MMN),提出了3个控制因子,详细研究了控制因子对多层快速多极子算法(MLFMA)的积分采样点数和计算精度的影响;基于控制因子,提出一种改进措施,可在保证精度的前提下,显著提高计算效率、有效降低内存。对3种飞行器,采用改进的MLFMA,分析了多频散射特性,发现飞行器外形在不同频率区域均可影响雷达散射截面(RCS)。研究了外形隐身布局和考虑隐身的常规布局的RCS多频减缩规律,结果表明,外形隐身在谐振区和高频区具有较大的RCS减缩效果,在瑞利区仍具有较弱影响;与吸波相比,外形隐身可产生较广的多频RCS减缩。以上结果可用于飞行器在多频段或全频段的隐身设计。     

飞行器RCS近场测试技术研究进展与工程应用

雷达散射截面(RCS)测试是隐身技术和目标特性研究的基础。无论是研究物体的电磁散射特性还是研制具有突防能力的隐身武器系统,RCS测试都具有非常重要的意义。通过RCS测试可以验证电磁散射计算的理论和方法,更重要的是,对部分飞行器目标进行电磁散射理论计算非常困难,而通过测试可以直观地获得目标的电磁散射特性数据,从而避开复杂的电磁仿真计算。与外场、紧缩场RCS测试方法相比,近年来得到广泛应用与发展的RCS近场测试方法在飞行器目标的散射特性测试方面具有效率高、成本低的优势。介绍了飞行器RCS测试评估方法,综述了国内外RCS近场测试技术研究的最新进展与工程应用实例,分析展望了飞行器RCS近场测试技术面临的机遇与挑战。     

飞行器表面缝隙电磁散射特性研究

 在常规飞行器的各类电磁散射源中,缝隙属于弱散射源,但对于隐身飞行器,缝隙电磁散射不可忽略。为研究飞行器缝隙电磁散射特性,在不同极化下,将缝隙置于金属平板的对角线,削弱金属边缘电磁散射影响。通过系列雷达散射截面(RCS)测试分析,得到了缝隙电磁散射随缝隙宽度、（多缝隙）缝隙间距的变化规律,以及其极化特性。不同宽度单缝测试结果表明:对于水平极化,缝隙宽度小于波长的1/4时,缝隙的宽度增加将导致缝隙引起的表面波散射快速增长,反之,呈下降趋势;对于垂直极化,缝隙宽度较小时试件的电磁散射与无缝金属平板接近,当缝隙宽度大于波长的1/2时,宽度增加时,其散射增强。多缝隙测试结果表明缝隙间距会影响散射的空间分布、波峰位置,可以理解为对各单缝隙散射叠加效果的影响。垂直极化影响强于水平极化。     

隐身飞行器电磁散射特性分析

为对隐身飞行器的探测手段进行研究和指导隐身飞行器的研制,研究其电磁散射特性。采用外形逆向建模、理论预估和散射测量、强散射源减缩相结合的手段,对隐身飞行器的隐身性能进行预估。该方法具有精度高、速度快的优点,适合在隐身飞行器研制方案设计阶段使用。     

High-precision RCS measurement of aircraft’s weak scattering source

The radar cross section(RCS) of weak scattering source on the surface of an aircraft is usually less than 40 d Bsm.How to accurately measure the RCS characteristics of weak scattering source is a technical challenge for the aircraft's RCS measurement.This paper proposes separating and extracting the two-dimensional(2D) reflectivity distribution of the weak scattering source with the microwave imaging algorithm and spectral transform so as to enhance its measurement precision.Firstly,we performed the 2D microwave imaging of the target and then used the 2D gating function to separate and extract the reflectivity distribution of the weak scattering source.Secondly,we carried out the spectral transform of the reflectivity distribution and eventually obtained the RCS of the weak scattering source through calibration.The prototype experimental results and their analysis show that the measurement method is effective.The experiments on an aircraft's low-scattering conformal antenna verify that the measurement method can eliminate the clutter on the surface of aircraft.The precision of measuring a 40 d Bsm target is 3–5 d B better than the existing RCS measurement methods.The measurement method can more accurately obtain the weak scattering source's RCS characteristics.     

超声速隐身歼轰机概念设计数值模拟

为了提高军用飞机的空战和对面攻击能力,对歼轰机进行总体设计。采用CATIA软件,设计出隐身歼轰机的三维数字样机和武器挂载方案;基于物理光学法和等效电磁流法,采用自编的RCSAnsys软件,数值模拟歼轰机的数字样机在X、S和UHF波段下的RCS特性和强度分布特性;基于湍流模型的k-ε方程和控制理论的N-S方程,采用Fluent软件,数值模拟歼轰机的数字样机所在空气流场的压强和速度分布云图,得出整机的升阻特性。概念设计数值模拟结果表明：内置弹舱的歼轰机前向±30°的RCS均值≤-4.728 dBsm,超声速飞行时歼轰机的升阻比约等于5.6337。     

Influence of aircraft surface distribution on electromagnetic scattering characteristics

In this paper, two typical stealth aircraft concepts (wing fuselage blended and flying-wing) were designed. Then three gradually changed surface distribution models with the same plan-form for each concept were created. Based on the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA), the vertical polarization transmitting/vertical polarization receiving (VV) and horizontal polariza-tion transmitting/horizontal polarization receiving (HH) radar cross section (RCS) characteristics were simulated with five frequencies between 0.1 and 1.0 GHz. The influences and mechanisms of aircraft surface distribution on electromagnetic scattering characteristics were investigated. The results show that for the wing fuselage blended concept, the VV RCS of this frequency range is higher than the HH RCS in most cases, while it is just the opposite for the flying-wing concept. As for the two aircraft concepts, the RCS levels of HH and VV both decrease with the frequency increasing, but the HH RCS has a faster downward trend. The surface distribution has little influ-ence on HH RCS characteristics. On the contrary, it has a significant impact on VV RCS charac-teristics, and the amplitude of the VV RCS increases with the surface thickness.     

A New Method for Analyzing Integrated Stealth Ability of Penetration Aircraft

Taking into account the limitations of existing stealth performance analysis methods, a method termed as the integrated stealth performance analysis method is proposed for evaluating the stealth ability of the penetration aircraft. Based on various target radar cross section (RCS) scattering characters, this article integrates the relevant parameters needed for building up target circumferential RCS scattering model and proposes the RCS scattering controlling parameters to control the changing trends of the relevant model RCS scattering characters. According to the radar dynamic detecting characters during the whole penetration course, a dynamic stealth performance evaluating model is proposed accompanied by a series of stealth ability estimation rules. This new analysis method can enhance the integrality and dependability of the stealth analysis conclusions and summarize the relationship between the target RCS scattering characters and their effects on stealth performance. The rules indicated by this relationship can be used as the reference for designing new type of stealth aircraft and setting up specific penetration tactics.