级数展开法在捷变频雷达综合测试仪误差估计中的应用

针对捷变频雷达综合测试仪测频算法进行了误差分析,用级数展开法推导了计数式瞬时测频中测频误差与观测时间、基准时钟频率及被测信号频率之间的关系,给出了测频精度与雷达脉宽、载频之间的关系式.     

四路鉴相器瞬时测频解模糊方法研究

比相法瞬时测频在电子对抗和空馈式雷达目标模拟领域占据重要地位。首先,介绍了比相法瞬时测频原理,设计了利用四路鉴相器实现瞬时测频的方法,并重点研究了四路鉴相器由低位向高位解模糊方法,给出了解模糊前后鉴相器二进制位构成和具体解模糊过程,该方法具有重要的工程参考价值。     

雷达灵敏度测量中的视频信号积累方法

首先分析了视频信号积累在雷达中的作用和工作原理,然后详细阐述了数字化实现信号积累的方法,最后介绍了信号积累在雷达接收机灵敏度测量中的应用,较好的解决了接收机灵敏度测量中的不稳定问题.     

基于HILBERT变换的航空发动机转速测量研究

精确测量的航空发动机转速信号是航空发动机控制系统及故障诊断的重要依据。首先介绍了目前常用的航空发动机转速信号的测量方法-直接测频法并对该方法误差进行了分析;其次根据航空发动机工作时的转速变化特性,详细描述了通过Hilbert变换求取瞬时频率来测量转速的方法,并对该方法的端点效应问题进行了处理;最后通过仿真发动机一个转速上升过程,计算得出瞬时频率(转速)及误差大小。结果表明,该方法对航空发动机转速测量可行。     

临近空间雷达对抗情报侦察系统干扰方法研究

越来越多的国家将临近空间飞行器作为雷达对抗情报侦察(ELINT)系统的搭载平台。本文介绍了ELINT系统的组成及工作特点,结合临近空间ELINT系统测频测向的特点,提出利用有源干扰的方法,对ELINT系统频域参数测量、空域参数测量实施干扰,从而使其信号分选结果受到影响,为雷达信号反ELINT系统侦察提供了参考。     

问与答

白杨-M问:1、什么是脉冲多普勒雷达?答:脉冲多普勒雷达就是工作在脉冲波形下的一种多普勒雷达,其工作原理是对脉冲列信号进行频谱分析,并对其单根谱线进行滤波,以测得目标的径向速度和距离。与一般时域检测的脉冲体制雷达不同之处是,脉冲多普勒雷达是频域检测,对回波脉冲列进行频谱分析,利用运动目标的回波信号具有多普勒频移的特点,将     

短波接收机的电磁兼容结构设计

为保证短波定时仪的正常工作,针对时统设备中短波接收机设计了整机电磁兼容实验;同时针对短波接收机内部2块点频接收板之间存在的干扰问题,设计了短波接收机内部的电磁兼容实验。试验中,通过加装专用的带通滤波器,使天线端子辐射降低了25dB,解决了天线端子发射超标的问题;通过对短波接收机进行电磁屏蔽和接地设计,解决了2块点频接收板之间的干扰问题,消除了15MHz接收机工作时的啸叫现象。实际使用效果和电磁兼容检测结果验证了短波接收机电磁兼容设计的合理性和有效性。     

电子对抗技术的仿真

最近已研制成功一种用于鉴定电子对抗(ECM)技术—如“对眼”(CrossEye)技术—效果的设备,该技术从分置的独立天线向敌方雷达系统(如单脉冲雷达)发射射频(RF)信号。这项发明将雷达发射的RF信号分为两路,加上ECM信号,并在每个脉冲重复间隔后校准雷达-ECM混合信号,使之达到相位和幅度平衡。再将该信号在仿真雷达天线处下变频至中频。此天线之后,注频网络又将该信号的频率上变频,加上计算机控制的输入(包括回波信号),然后送到雷达接收机进行最后处理。     

利用Glonass进行时钟同步

目前精密同步全球时钟的方法之一是利用导航卫星系统的信号,可是利用Glonass(俄罗斯全球导航卫星系统)信号进行时钟同步很长时间来一直受到限制,因为缺乏商品型Glonass时间接收机。由于Glonass投建放慢,很难估计对定时接收机的实际需求,反过来又影响了定时接收机的开发。 1992年末,圣彼得堡的俄罗斯无线电导航和时间研究所(RIRT)在其单通道机载接收机基础上开发了Glonsaa定时接收机。为了自动采集和处理Glonass时间测量值,该研究所开发了一个接收机与个人计算机之间的接口。 本文作者是该所成员,深深卷入了该自动化系统的开发。测定Glonass时钟同步精度的试验结果,以及该所二级(工作)时/频标准(STFRS)与俄罗斯国家时/频标准(STFS)的比对结果,都令人鼓舞,使该所开始利用Glonass信号定期比对其时/频标准。     

Alenia SIR—M二次雷达接收机对数中频模块性能分析

本文通过对ALENIA SIR-M型二次雷达的概述，分析了SIR-M接收机的信号流程，又对接收机中的重要组件对数中频LOG IF进行了详细的分析，并给出了故障维修实例，供民航各技术保障单位的雷达设备现场维护同行参考交流。     

空载脉冲多普勒跟踪雷达数字信号处理机的设计和实现

分析了准连续波三通道雷达接收机的特点,提出了一种先进的雷达数字信号处理机的实现方案。该方案采用了中频采样、高速 DSP和并行体系结构等先进技术。在系统实现层次上,分析了一些中频采样实现方法的局限,进而提出了适合准连续波雷达回波特点的采样滤波器的设计方法和采样频率选择公式。在硬件设计上,本系统采用了32位浮点 DSP--ADSP21060和相应的并行结构。     

A hardware-efficient, multirate, digital channelized receiverarchitecture

An approach is presented to realizing a digital channelized receiver for signal intercept applications that provides a hardware efficient implementation of a uniform filter bank in which the number of filters K is greater than the decimation factor M. The proposed architecture allows simple channel arbitration logic to be used and provides reliable instantaneous frequency measurements, even in adjacent channel crossover regions. In the proposed implementation of the filter bank, K is related to M by K=FM where F is an integer. It is shown that the optimum selection of F allows the instantaneous frequency measurement to be made in the channel crossover region and the arbitration function to be based solely on the instantaneous frequency measurement. The development of a filter bank structure which combines the flexibility of the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) with the implementation efficiency of the polyphase filter bank decomposition, meeting these requirements and leading to a hardware-efficient implementation, is presented     

瞬时自相关信道化接收机频率测量研究

提出了一种新的信道化IFM接收机的实现方案,该方案基于多相滤波的信道化技术,利用瞬时自相关方法实现复信号的瞬时频率测量,不仅可以实现精确的大动态范围瞬时频率测量,而且具备多信号同时处理能力,仿真结果和性能分析验证了本方法的有效性.     

Radar sensor using low probability of interception SS-FH signals

One of the best known weakness of radar sensors in defense and security applications is the necessity to radiate a signal, which can be detected by the target, so being possible (easy in fact) that the target is alerted about the presence of a radar before the radar is alerted about the presence of a target. In this context, Low Probability of Interception (LPI) Radars try to use signals that are difficult to intercept and/or identify. Spread spectrum signals are strong candidates for this application, and systems using special frequency or polyphase modulation schemes are being exploited. Frequency hopping, however, has not received much attention. The typical LPI radar at this moment of the technology is a CW-LFM radar. The simplicity of the technology is its best point. Polyphase codes, on the other hand have the inherent advantage of high instantaneous bandwidth regardless of observation time. But the complexity of the hardware is also higher. FH signals have traditionally been considered of lower performance but higher complexity, due to the difficulties to compensate the individual dopplers for the individual range cells in the receiver. One important point is that an FH radar must be clearly distinguished from an agile frequency radar. In the latter, a pulsed signal is transmitted using different frequencies from pulse to pulse. In an FH radar the frequency changes must be during the pulse. In fact, in an LPI FH radar, a CW frequency hopped signal is used. A radar system concept is proposed in which it shows how these problems can be overcome in a tracking application. Also, the signal format is analyzed under the scope of future decade digital interceptors, showing that, in fact, this kind of signal exhibits improvement in some performances and requires a hardware that is only slightly more complex than that needed for CW-LFM systems     

Experimental study on pulse radar target probing in RFS based on interrupted transmitting and receiving

Radar target probing and measurement are challenging tasks for Radio Frequency Simulation (RFS) with pulse radar signal. Due to the long-time duration of pulse radar signal and the limited space of anechoic chamber, the reflected signal returns before pulse radar signal is fully transmitted in RFS. As a consequence, the transmitted and reflected signals are coupled at the receiver. To handle this problem, the Interrupted Transmitting and Receiving (ITR) experiment system is constructed in this paper by dividing the pulse radar signal into sub-pulses. The target echo can be obtained by transmitting and receiving the sub-pulses intermittently. Furthermore, the principles of ITR are discussed and the target probing experiments are performed with the ITR system. It is demonstrated that the ITR system can overcome the coupling between the reflected and transmitted signals. Based on the target probing results, the performance of pulse radar target probing and measurement can be verified in RFS with the ITR system.     

Ultrawideband microwave-radar conceptual design

This paper outlines the special considerations that characterize the design of an UWB radar for the detection of low-altitude missiles over the sea. It discusses the factors which enter into the choice of frequency, and the selection of the transmitter, antenna, and receiver. Reviewed are signal processing issues concerning detection of UWB signals in noise and clutter, nondoppler MTI based on the pulse-to-pulse change in range due to target motion, measurement of target height based on multipath time delay, and target recognition. As the investigation progressed, the authors became disappointed with the available UWB technology, but encouraged about the potential advantages of UWB for this application. The chief limitation of UWB radar that must be overcome before applications are viable is its poor electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)     

Noncoherent Detection of Split-Phase FSK by Multiple Predetection Filtering

When the cumulative drift in the center frequency of a binary split-phase FSK signal exceeds the peak deviation of the signal, a conventional noncoherent receiver (i.e., one provided with only two IF filters) may be unable to achieve the probability of error per bit which the designer desires. This limitation may be overcome if the receiver is provided with a bank of more than two contiguous filters (each followed by an envelope detector) tospan the total IF band the instantaneous IF signal might occupy. It is shown that the probability of error per bit for such a receiver is a function of 1) the ratio F of peak frequency deviation to peak frequency drift, 2) the number M of IF filter/detectors, and 3) the signal-to-noise ratio ? in the output of the filter containing the signal. It is further shown thatfor a given value of F an increase in M reduces the amount of transmitter power the communication system designer must provide to yield a given probability of error per bit.     

有源对消隐身系统设计研究

针对有源对消隐身要求的系统延时短、反应速度快、信号参数测量和对消波幅相控制精度高的特点,设计了一个基于相控阵技术、数字射频存储器(DRFM)和现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的有源对消系统。为了解决目标雷达散射截面计算量太大、不能有流水线延迟和难以实现实时计算等问题,采用离线计算的方法,预先建立目标的全向雷达散射截面(RCS)数据库、杂波数据库和噪声数据库,由FPGA根据测得的雷达信号参数在数据库中查找到相应的目标回波数据,实时调整对消波的幅度和相位,使对方的雷达接收机始终处于合成方向图的零点。最后通过仿真计算验证了该设计方案的有效性。