负错位密封静力与动力特性的数值研究

提出了一种抑制气流激振力的负错位密封结构,建立了基于瞬态流场CFD动网格技术的负错位密封静力与动力特性求解模型,分析了偏心率、错位率等因素对密封泄漏量、周向压力、气流力与动力特性系数及密封转子稳定性的影响.结果表明:密封的泄漏量随偏心率与错位率的增加而增大;密封间隙流体周向压力呈正弦规律分布;与传统圆形密封相比,负错位密封形成发散的楔形间隙,降低流体动压效应,降低周向压力差,减小密封的切向力;随着偏心率的增加,密封的直接与交叉刚度以及交叉阻尼的绝对值均增大,直接阻尼降低;与传统圆形密封结构相比,该型密封可有效降低密封的交叉刚度,增加主阻尼,提高等效刚度与等效阻尼,改善了密封的稳定性.      

新型浮动式收敛袋型密封动力特性与自适应同心性能数值研究

提出新型浮动式收敛袋型密封结构,建立新型收敛袋型密封与传统迷宫密封多频椭圆涡动动力特性求解模型,研究转速、进出口压比及偏心率对新型收敛袋型密封与传统迷宫密封浮动同心力的影响,对比分析涡动频率对新型收敛袋型密封与传统迷宫密封动力特性系数的影响,基于有效刚度系数定量分析浮动密封的自适应同心性能.研究结果表明:随着转速、进出...     

透平机械动密封动力特性数值方法研究

密封动力特性系数是评价透平机械转子稳定性的重要参数。对现有密封动力特性数值方法进行了综述,为了比较分析不同的密封动力特性数值方法,分别建立了基于控制体方法的双控体求解模型和基于CFD方法的稳态旋转坐标系与瞬态转子平动、转子单/多频椭圆涡动求解模型,综合比较分析了控制体法、CFD稳态旋转坐标系法和CFD瞬态平动法、单/多频法之间的差异以及适用范围,研究了转子涡动频率对密封气流力和动力特性系数的影响。研究结果表明:控制体法求解速度较快,但求解精度较低,稳态旋转坐标系法只适用于转子做小轨迹同心涡动的求解模型,瞬态平动法求解速度较慢;瞬态单/多频法考虑了转子的涡动频率,更符合密封的实际工作情况;应用瞬态单/多频法得到的密封气流力变化频率与转子涡动频率相同,但气流力的相位滞后于转子涡动位移的相位;密封的直接刚度系数随着转子涡动频率的增加而增大,交叉刚度系数和阻尼系数的绝对值随着转子涡动频率的增加而减小。     

基于阻抗法的密封动力特性系数实验识别

搭建并优化了密封动力特性系数实验识别装置，应用阻抗法对梳齿密封动力特性系数开展实验识别，研究转速、进口压力和涡动频率对密封动力特性系数的影响。应用基于微元理论的密封动力特性系数识别方法对密封动力学特性进行了数值计算分析，与实验结果进行对比分析。结果表明：实验识别梳齿密封动力特性系数整体上略高于数值计算结果，但趋势上吻合良好，特别是表征系统稳定性的密封有效阻尼系数，数值与实验具有良好的一致性。梳齿密封动力特性系数在转子低频(<100 Hz)涡动时存在一定的频率依赖性，高频(>100 Hz)时阻尼系数的频率依赖性较弱。实验和数值模拟均表明，相较于转速，压比的变化对密封有效阻尼系数的影响更大。     

蜂窝衬套对篦齿封严静力与动力特性影响机理研究

蜂窝衬套对篦齿封严的泄漏特性和动力特性有较大的影响。本文建立蜂窝衬套篦齿封严数值求解模型,在验证数值方法有效准确的基础上,研究了蜂窝衬套篦齿封严泄漏量随进口压力、封严间隙及转速的变化规律,构造泄漏量理论公式;运用非定常动网格技术,建立多频椭圆涡动模型,分析了蜂窝衬套对篦齿封严泄漏特性和转子动力特性的影响机理。结果表明：蜂窝衬套篦齿封严泄漏量随进口压力、封严间隙的增加而增大,随转速的增加略有减小;在大间隙工况下（封严间隙大于0.5 mm）,蜂窝衬套削弱气流的透气效应,减小泄漏量,对边距为0.8 mm蜂窝衬套篦齿封严的密封性能最佳。蜂窝衬套篦齿封严有着较大的直接阻尼和较小的交叉刚度,在高频涡动（频率大于120 Hz）时效果更明显;蜂窝衬套增大流场中的湍动能,增强气流能量的耗散速度,有利于提高封严性能;并且蜂窝衬套能够使周向压力分布更均匀,提高转子的稳定性。本文所构造的蜂窝衬套篦齿封严泄漏量理论公式,与数值仿真相对误差均在5%之内,能够准确地预测蜂窝衬套篦齿封严的泄漏量,满足工程实际需求。     

周向发散式袋型阻尼密封泄漏特性与动力特性数值研究

提出一种周向发散式袋型阻尼密封结构,建立了袋型阻尼密封多频椭圆涡动求解模型,在实验验证求解模型准确性的基础上,研究了进出口压比、偏心率对袋型阻尼密封泄漏特性与动力特性的影响,分析了两种袋型阻尼密封的转子稳定性.结果表明:两种袋型阻尼密封的泄漏量平均相差0.89％,两者泄漏特性相当.传统袋型阻尼密封在转子偏心状态时各腔室...     

考虑轴颈涡动的滑动轴承动力特性数值研究

基于非定常动网格技术建立了考虑轴颈涡动频率与涡动轨迹的滑动轴承动力特性求解模型。在验证求解模型准确性的基础上,研究了轴颈正弦直线涡动轨迹、圆涡动轨迹、椭圆涡动轨迹下,涡动频率和偏心率对滑动轴承动力特性的影响。研究结果表明:轴颈的周期性涡动导致轴承油膜最小间隙和油膜压力周期性变化,油膜最小间隙越小,油膜压力越大;随着轴颈正弦轨迹涡动,由此形成的油膜力也呈正弦规律变化,且变化频率与轴颈涡动频率相同,但油膜力的相位滞后于轴颈涡动位移的相位;轴颈涡动频率及涡动轨迹对滑动轴承动力特性影响较大,需要考虑轴颈涡动对滑动轴承动力特性的影响。随着偏心率的增加,动力特性系数绝对值均随之增大。      

凹槽射流对袋型阻尼密封泄漏特性与动力特性影响机理

采用非定常动网格技术建立了袋型阻尼密封泄漏特性和动力特性多频椭圆涡动求解模型,在验证求解模型准确性的基础上,研究了压比、转速和凹槽位置不同时凹槽射流对袋型阻尼密封泄漏特性与动力特性的影响,分析了袋型阻尼密封轴向与周向的流速和压力分布特性,揭示了凹槽射流对袋型阻尼密封泄漏特性和动力特性的影响机理.研究表明:凹槽射流增强了...     

涡轮泵转子稳定性计算

随着涡轮泵压力和转速的提高,流体密封和叶轮偏心间隙激励成为影响转子稳定性的主要因素。利用Ｃｈｉｌｄｓ Ｄ Ｗ等提出的动力系数计算方法,计算了环形密封引起的附加刚度和阻尼,采用整体传递矩阵法,对考虑流体密封和Ａｌｆｏｒｄ力引起的涡轮泵转子系统的稳定性进行了计算。结果表明,增加支承阻尼和进口反涡动,可以提高转子稳定性。     

偏心密封动力特性分析与新型自同心密封研究

密封气流激振引起的转子失稳已成为发展高性能透平机械的瓶颈问题。为了研究偏心率对密封动力特性及转子稳定性的影响规律,揭示转子偏心诱发密封气流激振的机理,采用非定常动网格技术方法,建立了多频椭圆涡动轨迹的密封动力特性求解模型。在此基础上,提出了新型浮动式自同心密封结构,包含密封环浮动式和密封环自适应同心两大理念,分析了新型密封的工作原理以及力学特性。结果表明:密封的等效刚度和等效阻尼随着偏心率的增大而减小。不同涡动频率下,当偏心率增加到0.7时,等效阻尼相比于同心密封下降幅度达到33%~76%。随着偏心率的增大,密封气流力对转子做功增加,降低了转子系统稳定性;随着偏心率的增加,密封流体动压效应增强,密封气流激振力增大,转子系统稳定性降低,偏心转子密封流体动压效应是产生密封气流激振的主要原因;新型浮动式自同心密封的工作原理及动力学特性分析结果表明,新型密封具有自适应同心功能。     

Numerical investigation on leakage and rotordynamic performance of the honeycomb seal with swirl-reverse rings

Honeycomb seals are a crucial component to restrict the leakage flow and improve system stability for the turbomachines and aero-engines. In this work, the leakage and rotordynamic performance of honeycomb seals with the Swirl-Reverse Ring(SRR) is predicted by employing the approach of Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) and the multifrequency whirling model theory.Numerical results show that the positive preswirl flow and circumferential velocity can be effectively weakened for the honeycomb seal...     

Rotordynamic characteristics prediction for scallop damper seals using computational fluid dynamics

Enhancing damping characteristic is one of the effective methods to solve the instability problem of the rotor system. The three-dimensional numerical analysis model of scallop damper seal was established, and the effects of inlet pressures, preswirl ratios, rotational speeds, interlaced angles and seal cavity depths on the rotordynamic characteristics of scallop damper seal were studied based on dynamic mesh method and multi-frequencies elliptic whirling model. Results show that the direct stiffness of the scallop damper seal increases with decreasing inlet pressure and increasing rotational speed and cavity depth. When the seal cavity is interlaced by a certain angle, which shows positive direct stiffness. The effective damping of the scallop damper seal increases with the increasing inlet pressure, the decreasing preswirl ratio and the rotational speed and cavity depth. There exists an optimal interlaced angle to maximize the effective damping and the system stability. The leakage of the scallop damper seal is significantly reduced with decreasing inlet pressure. The preswirl will reduce the leakage flowrate, and the rotational speed has a slight effect on the leakage performance. The leakage of the scallop damper seal decreases with increasing seal cavity depth.     

A transient bulk flow model with circular whirl motion for rotordynamic coefficients of annular seals

Bulk flow model with perturbation simplification has been used to calculate rotordynamic coefficients in annular seals which have significant influences on the dynamic behavior of rotors in turbomachinery. In this work, a transient bulk flow model with arbitrary rotor motion is developed, and the boundary conditions and friction factor in the model are calibrated with steady Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. The numerical solution scheme is developed based on the finite element method to obtain the transient reaction force in the seal clearance. With a periodic circular rotor orbit, the transient forces at multiple whirling frequencies are used to evaluate the rotordynamic coefficients. The leakage flowrate of CFD analysis has good agreement with experimental results and the calibrated parameters in bulk flow model are dependent on operating conditions. Although CFD calibration improves the accuracy of the perturbed bulk flow model, the direct damping is overestimated and the cross-coupled damping is underestimated. Compared with the perturbed model, the predictions of the transient bulk flow model are more agreeable with the experiment.     

弹性环金属橡胶支承结构刚度设计与试验验证

 弹性环金属橡胶阻尼器(MRD/ER)是本文提出的一种有别于传统挤压油膜阻尼器的新型无油润滑转子弹性支承阻尼结构,其支承刚度主要来源于弹性环和金属橡胶,并利用金属橡胶阻尼元件提供结构阻尼。该结构具有良好的线性支承刚度且对转子振动阻尼减振效果明显,其限幅凸台限制转子系统可能出现的过大振幅,保证系统安全可靠。本文对该种弹性阻尼支承结构进行结构和动力学设计,并通过刚度阻尼性能仿真计算以及相应的试验进行验证,结果表明:在准静态试验中,阻尼器的组合刚度在大变形范围内具有良好的线性特征且具有稳定的阻尼性能;在动态试验中,结构动刚度随激振频率的增加而减小,在宽频域内具有较大的阻尼系数。     

阻旋栅对密封静力与动力特性影响的数值分析与实验研究

密封动力特性对旋转机械转子系统稳定性影响较大,在密封入口端部设置阻旋栅是提高密封稳定性的有效方法。设计加工了无/有阻旋栅共5种密封结构,从数值分析与实验研究两个方面研究阻旋栅对密封静力与动力特性的影响规律。建立阻旋栅密封静力特性CFD理论模型,数值分析阻旋栅对密封泄漏量、切向速度以及周向压力分布的影响;应用不平衡同频激励法实验研究阻旋栅对密封动力特性的影响。研究结果表明:阻旋栅可降低密封的泄漏量,减小密封内流体的切向速度,进而降低密封内流体的周向压力差,且随着阻旋栅周向稠度与径向长度的增加,这种作用逐渐增大,这是阻旋栅抑制气流激振力的主要原因;预旋是密封产生交叉刚度的重要因素,密封的交叉刚度随进出口压比与转速的增加而增大;阻旋栅可有效降低密封的交叉刚度,增加密封的主阻尼,提高密封的稳定性。本文研究揭示了阻旋栅抑制密封气流激振力的机理,为设计阻旋栅密封提供理论依据。     

Effects of tooth bending damage on the leakage performance and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals

Tooth bending damage resulting from an intense impact by the rotor sometimes occurs in the transient operation. To investigate the influence of after-damage clearance and tooth bending length on the leakage performance and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals, three tooth bending damages were taken into consideration, including the unbent tooth damage (abbreviated as Unbent), the partial tooth bending damage (abbreviated as Pbent) and the complete tooth bending damage (abbreviated as Cbent). The transient CFD solution was utilized to calculate the leakage flow rates and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals with clearances of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 mm for three tooth bending damages. The obtained result shows that the Unbent tooth damage leaks least while the Pbent tooth bending damage leaks most, and an increase of 6.1% for Cbent tooth bending damage and an increase of 19.4% for Pbent tooth bending damage are discovered at the tooth clearance of 0.6 mm in comparison with the Unbent tooth damage. Compared to the Unbent tooth damage, the effective damping for Pbent tooth bending damage and Cbent tooth bending damage is lower and drops by 9.7%–33.6% and 8.5%–22.6% respectively at the tooth clearance of 0.6 mm, suggesting that Pbent tooth bending damage or Cbent tooth bending damage tends to weaken the seal stability when compared to the Unbent tooth damage.