突扩间隙比对单通道扩压器内流动力特性影响的试验研究

为了研究突扩间隙比与扩压器内流动力特性的影响关系,采用水流模拟流动显示及PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)流场测速试验方法,对不同突扩间隙比的内流瞬态流场、时均流场、雷诺切应力等关键流场信息所表征的扩压器内流动力特性进行了研究。结果表明:突扩间隙比为1.6～1.7时,静压恢复系数与总压损失系数比值达到最大,此时扩压性能最优;扩压器突扩间隙比为1.64时,主流从前置扩压器流出时由于强剪切作用卷起扩散涡,为维持突扩区域空间内流动稳定性,进而诱导出消耗涡;总压损失变化是突扩区消耗涡、回流扰动及火焰筒前缘背压反流共同作用的结果,雷诺切应力与总压损失系数成正比;扩压器出口速度分布对于突扩间隙比变化的不敏感性体现出较好的内流流动稳定性。     

跨声速风扇转子内流场三维PIV测量

在压气机试验台上开展了跨声速风扇转子内流场三维PIV测试技术研究。对跨声流场粒子跟随性、狭小空间光路布局、高速旋转件周向定位、三维标定等技术难点进行了攻关,发展了适用于高速旋转件内流场测量的三维PIV技术,获得了低转速及跨声速转速下工作点转子通道内部的详细流动结构,且与PSP测量结果吻合较好。本研究为跨声速压气机内流场研究提供了非接触测试手段,同时研究成果也为数值模拟及压气机设计改进提供了详细的试验数据。     

多级轴流压气机转子通道流场的PIV测量

在四级低速大尺寸轴流压气机实验台上,基于粒子图像测速仪(particle image velocimetry,简称PIV)系统,发展了适用于多级叶轮机械转子内部全通道流场测量的PIV技术.自行研制了光学潜望镜和锁相触发装置,并在第3级转子的外机匣处开设了测量窗口.在设计工作点,对第3级压气机转子叶片全通道的流场进行了详细测量,获得了8个不同叶高截面处的二维速度矢量场.实验结果与三维定常Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程计算结果的对比分析表明:PIV测量结果合理地反映了转子通道内部的流场结构,第3级转子叶尖部分存在尺寸大、影响区域广的叶尖泄漏涡,泄漏涡控制了叶尖区域的流场,而气流在通道其余部分的流动状态较好,不存在明显的低速区.      

无隙锥形旋流器燃烧室流场分叉现象的数值研究

分别对冷态条件下, 无隙锥形旋流器燃烧室前扩压器内流场的分叉现象以及燃烧室内燃烧空间的流场分叉现象进行了数值模拟计算。希望通过流场的数值模拟计算, 从流体力学的角度寻找流场产生分叉现象的原因。流场的数值计算结果与实验测量结果符合较好。      

PIV技术在降落伞绕流实验中的应用

本文利用PIV技术在风洞中对五种不同类型降落伞模型的绕流空间流场进行了测量，得到了绕降落伞的空间流场结构。PIV测量结果可以为数值模拟降落伞绕流流场提供可靠的数据，为降落伞的改进优化提供指导和依据。     

航空涡轮发动机燃烧室内流场的PIV测量

设计了一种基于旋风分离原理的高压粒子发生器,并成功应用于高压状态下的航空涡轮发动机燃烧室内流场的PIV（粒子图像测速法）测量.在氢氧燃烧加热来流温度为813K、燃烧室压力为2.78MPa条件下,应用PIV技术开展了航空涡轮发动机单头部燃烧室复杂内流场测量研究,实现了高温高压条件下强旋流、强扰流、宽速域流场的PIV测量,获得了接近燃烧室工作压力工况下的流场速度和流场精细结构.结果表明:该型燃烧室内流场存在多处旋涡结构,形成回流区;流场旋流作用强,横截面流场存在顺时针大涡;主燃孔射流和掺混孔射流作用明显,射流穿透深度较大,对流场结构影响显著;高温高压状态下,流场结构与常温中压状态类似.      

几种特种测试技术在流体机械内流场测试中的应用

介绍了现代流动测试技术的特点、发展趋势及本课题组在流体动力设备研发方面的应用研究工作。主要工作有：热线风速仪技术(HWA)用于离心压缩机扩压器流场测试研究、用于湍流边界层的减阻控制研究；粒子图像速度场仪技术(PIV)用于叶轮机械动静相干非定常流场的研究、用于管道内横向射流的研究；激光多普勒测速仪技术(LDV)用于风机叶轮流场的测试研究等。     

进口畸变条件下轴流压气机转子内流的PIV研究

用50%堵塞比的插板畸变屏模拟低速轴流压气机进口流场畸变,用PIV(粒子图像速度场仪,ParticleImageVelocimetry)技术测量均匀和畸变进气条件下压气机转子叶片通道内的流场结构。实验表明,进气畸变条件下压气机流场在转子叶片通道内不同的周向位置会产生四种不同的流动结构状态,同时,进气畸变大大增加了漩涡扰动、流动亏损和转子叶排气流分离的强度,这样必然会对压气机的性能产生很大的影响。实验也验证了经典平行压气机理论的缺陷。      

有错排射流冲击的短通道流场研究

用实验和数值模拟的方法,研究了在错排冲击孔作用下的受限通道的流场结构。并用五孔探针对通道的流场进行了详细的测量,着重研究了不同雷诺数和不同通道高径比(通道高度与射流孔直径之比)对通道内流场结构的影响。实验结果表明:通道的流场中存在着复杂的漩涡结构;在同一高度下,雷诺数的改变对通道流场的影响很小;通道高度的改变对通道流场有明显影响。      

不同类型防护林绕林流场的PIV测量

利用粒子图像速度场仪(PIV),采用2帧-互相关的分析技术,对紧密型、疏透型和通风型防护林流场的流动特征在环境风洞中进行实验研究.通过PIV系统测量,得到不同类型防护林绕林流场的速度矢量图、流线图和涡量场图,并对各个流场特征进行探讨.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.