基于QR分解求解带顶点三对角带状线性方程组

带顶点三对角带状线性方程组在实际问题的求解过程中经常遇到,一般情况下此类方程组没有实用有效的求解方法. 与现有一般基于LU分解的或其他一些迭代方法不同,基于实际很少采用的矩阵QR分解方法,利用其对各类矩阵普遍适用的优点,给合此类带状线性方程组的特点,提出并探讨了将QR分解应用于该类方程组的求解过程,既利用了QR分解保证足够的精度,又避免了一般QR分解过大的计算量. 分析和实际计算均表明,该方法在计算精度及计算量方面均满足实际应用的要求.     

弹性高速飞行器的状态/参数滚动时域估计

针对弹性高速飞行器非线性、不确定性和刚体/弹性耦合的特点,提出了一种基于QR分解和滚动时域估计的状态/参数联合估计方法。首先,通过引入滚动时域策略,将状态/参数估计问题转化为固定变量数目的优化问题,能够较好地处理时变参数的估计问题。然后,利用前向动态规划原理,将到达代价的计算转化为最小二乘问题,并利用QR分解进行求解,从而给出了基于QR分解的到达代价更新方法。这样使得整个滚动时域估计方法都建立在优化的基础上,且引入了反馈机制,提高了估计精度和速度。仿真结果表明:滚动时域估计的精度明显优于扩展卡尔曼滤波,且基于QR分解的到达代价更新方法在速度上优于传统的基于估计误差协方差的到达代价更新方法。      

基于光场成像技术的散射性火焰温度场重建

光场成像是一项新兴的非接触式测温技术,针对传统辐射成像温度场重构效率低的问题,开展了基于光场成像的散射性火焰温度场重建研究。在火焰光场成像模型的基础上,以广义源项多流法为正问题模型,利用Landweber算法重构吸收散射性火焰的三维温度场,同时引入最小二乘QR（LSQR）分解算法作为对比以衡量Landweber算法的性能。分析了测量误差对于重建精度的影响,重建结果表明,即使在添加5%测量误差的情况下温度场的平均重建相对误差也仅为0.91%和0.92%,重建结果仍然是合理的。Landweber算法和LSQR算法具有相当的计算精度,但Landweber算法的计算时间是LSQR算法的1/10,其计算效率明显优于LSQR算法。      

圆及椭圆轨道释放绳系子星的方法研究

研究绳系卫星系统质心沿椭圆轨道运动时，子星释放的最佳初始条件，运用变量替代简化动力学控制方程；对圆轨道运动的母星，采用轨道转移方法释放子星，计算弹射变轨参数及过渡轨道终了真近点角。本文取消母星质量远大于子星质量的假设，考虑子星释放过程中绳系卫星系统质心随子星运动的变化，所得结果更具有普遍意义。数值模拟结果表明，所述方法的有效性。     

火箭发动机推力试验装置应用范围研究

提出并研究火箭发动机推力试验装置应用范围扩大问题,即推力试验装置如何适用于推力远远小于试验装置额定负荷能力的发动机的推力试验。指出并研究了其中关键技术问题,包括试验装置机械结构与发动机的安装与配合、减小测力误差和原位校准的实现。建立了有关力学模型,分析了测力误差产生原因,并提出和论证了解决措施。研究结果表明,通过合理的设计,火箭发动机推力试验装置基本上可以用于推力小于试验装置额定负荷的任何规格的发动机的推力试验。     

Application of time-variable process noise in terrestrial reference frames determined from VLBI data

In recent years, Kalman filtering has emerged as a suitable technique to determine terrestrial reference frames (TRFs), a prime example being JTRF2014. The time series approach allows variations of station coordinates that are neither reduced by observational corrections nor considered in the functional model to be taken into account. These variations are primarily due to non-tidal geophysical loading effects that are not reduced according to the current IERS Conventions (2010). It is standard practice that the process noise models applied in Kalman filter TRF solutions are derived from time series of loading displacements and account for station dependent differences. So far, it has been assumed that the parameters of these process noise models are constant over time. However, due to the presence of seasonal and irregular variations, this assumption does not truly reflect reality. In this study, we derive a station coordinate process noise model allowing for such temporal variations. This process noise model and one that is a parameterized version of the former are applied in the computation of TRF solutions based on very long baseline interferometry data. In comparison with a solution based on a constant process noise model, we find that the station coordinates are affected at the millimeter level.     

Gravity sensing in moss protonemata.

Moss protonemata are a valuable system for studying gravitropism because both sensing and upward curvature (oriented tip growth) take place in the same cell. We review existing evidence, especially for Ceratodon purpureus, that addresses whether the mass that functions in sensing is that of amyloplasts that sediment. Recent experiments show that gravitropism can take place in media that are denser than the apical cell. This indicates that gravity sensing relies on an intracellular mass rather than that of the entire cell and provides further support for the starch-statolith hypothesis of sensing. Possible mechanisms for how amyloplast mass functions in sensing and transduction are discussed.     

磁扰日向阳面对流电场转向区位置的晨昏不对称性(STARE、TRIAD、AE-C观测综合分析)

本文通过STARE观测的晨不连续性及其与TRIAD观测的场向电流分界区、AE-C卫星观测的电场转向区位置的比较,提出了在高扰日向阳面对流电场转向区位置存在着晨不对称性——晨半面所处纬度低于昏半面.该现象间接说明向阳面磁层边界层也存在某种不对称性.并在观测基础上对可造成该不对称性的物理因子进行了探讨,认为行星际磁场螺线结构对重连区位置的影响及其产生的激波结构的晨昏不对称性很可能与本文中讨论的现象有一定联系.      

轨道误差对星敏感器对地指向精度的影响分析

针对使用星敏感器进行对地指向精度问题,分析了影响卫星对地指向精度的主要因素,根据卫星轨道误差,推导了轨道根数误差对经度方向和纬度方向上的指向误差方程.分析了轨道根数对指向精度的影响规律.最后对轨道根数误差的影响进行了仿真,仿真结果与分析结果一致.     

Ultra-luminous sources in nearby galaxies

This paper presents an update of what we have learned in the last year about the ULX phenomenon. New results are presented on radio emission from Holmberg II and a review is given on the recent X-ray data on timing and spectra. The new X-ray spectroscopic and optical imaging survey of nearby ULX with XMM allows us, for the first time, to place the average properties of these objects on a statistical basis. Direct examination of the sites of ULXs in nearby galaxies shows that 1/3 of them are not in or near star forming regions, indicating that a substantial fraction of ULX are not directly associated with young star formation. There are two ULX which have been identified with B stars as the optical counterparts on the basis of optical spectroscopy. Radio imaging of the Holmberg II ULX shows that it lies in a luminous extended radio source and that the radio emission is not beamed. A statistical study of ULX spectra in nearby galaxies shows that the ratio of ‘high state’ to ‘low state’ ULXs is 1:1 and that the high state objects, in general, are best fit with low temperature black bodies with a steep power law index. The objects with high state spectra are systematically more luminous than the objects with low state spectra consistent with the hypothesis that both are drawn from a population which shows state changes similar to those of black holes in the Milky Way. If this is true then the masses implied for the objects with the low state spectra are greater than 50M.     

Influence of Fast Global Variations of Solar Magnetic Fields on Space Weather in Cycle 23

It is established that the large-scale and global magnetic fields in the Sun's atmosphere do not change smoothly, and long-lasting periods of gradual variations are superseded by fast structural changes of the global magnetic field. Periods of fast global changes on the Sun are accompanied by anomalous manifestations in the interplanetary space and in the geomagnetic field. There is a regular recurrence of these periods in each cycle of solar activity, and the periods are characterized by enhanced flaring activity that reflects fast changes in magnetic structures. Is demonstrated, that the fast changes have essential influencing on a condition of space weather, as most strong geophysical disturbances are connected to sporadic phenomena on the Sun. An explanation has been offered for the origin of anomalous geomagnetic disturbances that are unidentifiable in traditionally used solar activity indices. Is shown, main physical mechanism that leads to fast variations of the magnetic fields in the Sun's atmosphere is the reconnection process.     

双混频时差系统时间间隔分辨力校准方法研究

提出了双混频时差系统时间间隔分辨力的两种校准方法——频偏法和时差拟合法。给出了校准方法的理论推导,两种方法均基于时间差的测量,通过不同的数据处理方法可得到准确度较高的时间间隔分辨力。实验表明,该方法能够准确测量双混频时差系统的时间间隔,验证了方法的有效可行。     

CHAMP卫星加速度计标校参数序列的谱分析

给出了利用能量守恒方法求定CHAMP卫星加速度计标校参数的基本原理和算法．对2001年8月-2003年12月共约两年半的CHAMP卫星加速度计数据进行了标校,导出了尺度、偏差和偏差漂移参数的时间序列,分别采用最小二乘谱分析和抗差谱分析对这些时间序列进行了分析．结果表明,尺度、偏差和偏差漂移参数都有明显的周期变化,但各主周期项略有差异．尺度的主周期是441d、220d、126d和13．4d的周期变化,其中220d和441d的周期变化的贡献相对较大．偏差中有明显的220d、126d和13．4d周期变化,各周期变化的贡献几乎相当;偏差漂移的主周期是220d、13．4d和9d的周期变化,其中13．4d的周期变化最为显著,几乎比其他周期项变化高出一个数量级．另外尺度和偏差参数还有明显的长期变化,而偏差漂移参数的长期变化不明显．     

航天器稀疏编队飞行的概念及其设计方法

提出了航天器稀疏编队飞行的概念及其设计方法，阐明了它与通常的紧密编队飞行的区别及其在应用上的前景。采用了一个比Hill解更为广泛的新公式来设计稀疏编队，并列举了若干稀疏编队的阵形。当各航天器距离很近时，该公式自然退化为与Hill解相同的形式。通过与Hill解的设计相比较，表明了新公式用于稀疏编队设计的优越性。     

Cylindrical and spherical dust-electron-acoustic shock waves due to dust charge fluctuation

Cylindrical and spherical dust-electron-acoustic (DEA) shock waves propagating in a dusty plasma (containing cold inertial electrons, hot Maxwellian electrons, stationary and streaming ions, and charge fluctuating stationary dust) are theoretically investigated by reductive perturbation method. It is shown that the effect of the dust charge fluctuation introduces some new features in the nonlinear propagation of the DEA waves, particularly the dust charge fluctuation provides a source of dissipation, and is responsible for the formation of the DEA shock structures. It is also found that the basic features of the DEA nonlinear structures are significantly modified by the non-planar (viz. cylindrical and spherical) geometry, and that the height of the cylindrical DEA shock structures are larger than that of the planar DEA shock structures, but smaller than that of the spherical ones. The implications of these results in laboratory dusty plasmas are briefly discussed.     

Cellular responses to gravity: extracellular, intracellular and in-between.

Our understanding of gravitational effects (inertial effects in the vicinity of 1 x g) on cells has matured to a stage at which it is possible to define, on the basis of experimental evidence, extracellular effects on small cells and intracellular effects on eukaryotic gravisensing cells. Yet undetermined is the nature of response, if any, of those classes of cells that are not governed solely by extracellular physical events (as are prokaryotes) and are devoid of obvious mechanical devices for sensing inertial forces (such as those possessed by certain plant cells and sensory cells of animals). This "in-between" class of cells needs to be understood on the basis of the combination of intracellular and extracellular gravity-dependent processes that govern experimentally-measurable variables that are relevant to the cell's responses to modified inertial forces. The forces that certain cell types generate or respond to are therefore compared to those imposed by approximately 1 x g in the context of cytoskeletal action and symmetry-breaking pathways.     

Origin of complex type III-L events and electron acceleration

Type III-L bursts constitute a class of type III bursts that are intense, complex, and of long duration at hectometric wavelengths. They are often associated with major flares and fast coronal mass ejections. Several observations suggested that the electron beams that produce these complex hectometric emissions could be accelerated and injected in the low or in the middle corona. In this study, we revisit the origin of these bursts by tracing the progression of the events from the low corona to the interplanetary medium. We show that type III-L features are related to sudden changes in the radio emission observed at metric and decametric wavelengths, in particular the onset of new emitting sources at positions that can be at large distances from the flare site.     

Collisional cascading: The limits of population growth in low earth orbit

Predictions have been made by several authors that random collisions between made-made objects in Earth orbit will lead to a significant source of new orbital debris, possibly within the next century. The authors have also concluded that there are a number of uncertainties in these models, and additional analysis and data are required to fully characterize the future environment. However, the nature of these uncertainties are such that while the future environment is uncertain, the fact that collisions will control the future environment is less uncertain. The data that already exist is sufficient to show that cascading collisions will control the future debris environment with no, or very minor increases in the current low Earth orbit population. Two populations control this process: Explosion fragments and expended rocket bodies and payloads. Practices are already changing to limit explosions in low Earth orbit; it is now necessary to begin limiting the number of expended rocket bodies and payloads in orbit.