Comparison of strapdown inertial navigation algorithm based on rotation vector and dual quaternion

 For the navigation algorithm of the strapdown inertial navigation system, by comparing to the equations of the dual quaternion and quaternion, the superiority of the attitude algorithm based on dual quaternion over the ones based on rotation vector in accuracy is analyzed in the case of the rotation of navigation frame. By comparing the update algorithm of the gravitational velocity in dual quaternion solution with the compensation algorithm of the harmful acceleration in traditional velocity solution, the accuracy advantage of the gravitational velocity based on dual quaternion is addressed. In view of the idea of the attitude and velocity algorithm based on dual quaternion, an improved navigation algorithm is proposed, which is as much as the rotation vector algorithm in computational complexity. According to this method, the attitude quaternion does not require compensating as the navigation frame rotates. In order to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis, simulations are carried out utilizing the software, and the simulation results show that the accuracy of the improved algorithm is approximately equal to the dual quaternion algorithm.     

Strapdown inertial navigation system algorithms based on dual quaternions

The design of strapdown inertial navigation system (INS) algorithms based on dual quaternions is addressed. Dual quaternion is a most concise and efficient mathematical tool to represent rotation and translation simultaneously, i.e., the general displacement of a rigid body. The principle of strapdown inertial navigation is represented using the tool of dual quaternion. It is shown that the principle can be expressed by three continuous kinematic equations in dual quaternion. These equations take the same form as the attitude quaternion rate equation. Subsequently, one new numerical integration algorithm is structured to solve the three kinematic equations, utilizing the traditional two-speed approach originally developed in attitude integration. The duality between the coning and sculling corrections, raised in the recent literature, can be essentially explained by splitting the new algorithm into the corresponding rotational and translational parts. The superiority of the new algorithm over conventional ones in accuracy is analytically derived. A variety of simulations are carried out to support the analytic results. The numerical results agree well with the analyses. The new algorithm turns out to be a better choice than any conventional algorithm for high-precision navigation systems and high-maneuver applications. Several guidelines in choosing a suitable navigation algorithm are also provided.     

基于对偶四元数的INS/GPS组合导航算法研究

在基于对偶四元数的捷联惯导解算方法的基础上,推导了以惯性系作为导航系的惯导误差方程,在此基础上设计了卡尔曼滤波组合导航算法。通过激光惯导跑车采集数据,进行了仿真分析,试验结果表明,该组合导航算法能有效的消除惯导累积的速度误差和位置误差,相比于目前广泛应用的INS/GPS组合导航算法,本文描述了INS/GPS组合导航的另一种实现方式,获得了相当的精度,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

基于对偶四元数的捷联惯导算法在发射点惯性系下的应用研究

针对导弹类载体在做复杂的高动态机动时,采用传统的捷联惯导算法容易产生圆锥误差与划船误差,从而导致解算精度降低的问题,在发射点惯性系下设计了基于对偶四元数的捷联惯导算法.在建立发射点惯性系下的捷联惯导解算模型的基础上,详细推导了基于对偶四元数的捷联惯导解算算法,通过对比分析其中的速度更新过程与传统算法的差异,说明该算法可...     

无陀螺捷联惯导系统

阐述了无陀螺捷联惯导系统的原理,推导了其力学编排方程,提出并论证了提高载体角速度的计算值精度的方法。从而得到了适于工程应用的无陀螺捷联惯导系统方案,对该方案进行了计算机仿真计算。得到了满意的结果。     

Modeling quaternion errors in SDINS: computer frame approach

We propose new equivalent tilt error models which are applicable to the analysis of the terrestrial strapdown inertial navigation systems (SDINS), based on the quaternions. The currently available equivalent tilt error models, like the conventional Φ model of the gimbaled inertial navigation systems (GINS), are derived only by the true frame approach. The true frame approach has a computational disadvantage that it produces an error model where the attitude error equation is coupled with its position and velocity error equations. The motivation of this work is to solve this problem. As a result, two kinds of error models are derived. Among them, one is derived by the computer frame approach for practical onboard implementations. Thus, like the conventional GINS Ψ model, its attitude error equation is decoupled from the position and velocity error equations. The other is derived in order to show the relationship between the true frame approach and the computer frame approach which are applied to the quaternion-based SDINS. Thus, like the GINS δΘ model, it can be used to transform the error variables into each other which are calculated by the two different approaches     

捷联惯导系统/里程计自主式车载组合导航系统研究

利用里程计辅助捷联惯导系统构成一种完全自主式的车载组合导航系统.本文详细推导了里程计的速度误差方程.用捷联惯导系统解算出的速度量和里程计所测量的速度量之差作为组合导航系统卡尔曼滤波器的观测量,利用闭环卡尔曼滤波技术进行误差估计与校正,并给出了系统仿真结果.仿真结果表明该组合导航系统可有效地减小姿态、速度、经度和纬度等导航参数的误差累积.     

旋转三子样高精度捷联惯性导航算法

针对捷联惯导系统高精度导航的需求,以螺旋理论为基础,采用螺旋补偿三子样推导出对偶四元数所表示的捷联惯导算法,并同时对载体的姿态、速度、位置进行更新,并以四阶截断三角级数近似三角函数进行对偶四元数更新和螺旋矢量更新。仿真和跑车实验结果表明：螺旋三子样捷联惯性导航算法的导航精度比一般四元数算法提高约15%,为相关领域的研究与实际应用提供参考。     

SINS/DVL水下组合导航系统的误差分析与改进技术

探讨了一种适用于SINS/DVL组合导航系统的滤波原理,通过分别建立捷联惯导系统误差模型和多普勒误差模型,利用间接卡尔曼滤波原理和反馈校正法,对系统进行仿真与分析,由惯性器件的误差方差通过导航系统的误差模型得出导航参数的误差方差,结果表明,该组合导航系统的定位精度要远远高于单纯捷联惯导系统。同时,针对SINS/DVL组合导航系统工作特点及特定情况下AUV的定位精度要求,提出了一种GPS辅助SINS/DVL组合导航系统导航定位的方案。     

基于双捷联算法的POS误差在线标定方法

为了提升位置和姿态测量系统(POS)的精度,结合POS工作过程中典型的匀速直线运动,提出了一种准实时的POS误差在线标定方法。首先设计了基于双捷联算法的在线标定方案,对系统误差方程进行简化处理,求出中时期导航条件下的系统误差状态转移阵。然后根据POS的两段相邻匀速直线运动导航误差,对系统误差参数进行在线标定,并通过可观测性分析得出POS运动与系统误差在线标定效果之间的对应关系。车载试验和飞行试验结果表明,在POS正常遥感作业过程中,本文提出的在线标定方法能够有效提升系统精度。     

弹道导弹天文/惯性导航误差修正方法研究

通过分析导弹天文导航和惯性导航的导航原理和误差模型,在基于充分利用高精度天文导航参数的思想上,提出了组合导航的误差修正方法。首先对两种导航参数进行了归算,而后提出了利用多次的天文测量参数对惯性测量误差进行修正的方法。该方法能较为准确地分离出引起射程误差较大的关机点速度、位置等的误差值,从而为实现利用天文导航进行射程误差修正提供前提条件。仿真计算表明,该方法是行之有效的。     

A new SINS/GPS sensor fusion scheme for UAV localization problem using nonlinear SVSF with covariance derivation and an adaptive boundary layer

The state estimation strategy using the smooth variable structure filter(SVSF) is based on the variable structure and sliding mode concepts. As presented in its standard form with a fixed boundary layer limit, the value of the boundary layer width is not precisely known at each step and may be selected based on a priori knowledge. The boundary layer width reflects the level of uncertainty in the model parameters and disturbance characteristics, where large values of the boundary layer width lead to robustness without optimality and small values of the boundary layer width provide optimality with poor robustness. As a solution and to overcome these limitations, an adaptive smoothing boundary layer is required to achieve greater robustness and suitable accuracy.This adapted value of the boundary layer width is obtained by minimizing the trace of the a posteriori covariance matrix. In this paper, the proposed new approach will be considered as another alternative to the extended Kalman filters(EKF), nonlinear H1 and standard SVSF-based data fusion techniques for the autonomous airborne navigation and self-localization problem. This alternative is based on strapdown inertial navigation system(SINS) and GPS data using the nonlinear SVSF with a covariance derivation and adaptive boundary layer width.Furthermore, the full mathematical model of the SINS/GPS navigation system considering the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) position, velocity and Euler angle as well as gyro and accelerometer biases will be used in this paper to estimate the airborne position and velocity with better accuracy.     

一种常规机动下机载SINS/GPS组合导航系统的可观测性分析

为保证机载捷联惯组的导航精度能够达到要求,需要对惯组定期进行返厂标定,成本高、周期长,也影响载机的使用效率,故而机载惯组在线标校技术的研究一直在不断进行中。对大中型运输机的机载惯组而言,由于其机体较大、机动能力较差,很难完成诸如S机动等复杂的机动动作,故而需要对其常规飞行机动状态下机载SINS/GPS组合导航系统的可观测性进行分析。利用GPS提供的速度和位置信息作为外部观测量来设计Kalman滤波器,采用基于分段线性定常系统(PWCS)的奇异值分解法(SVD),对飞机静止、起降、匀速飞行、匀加减速飞行、转弯等一系列常规机动条件下系统的可观测性和可观测度进行研究。通过Matlab仿真和转台实验,验证了组合导航系统可观测性分析结论的有效性,可为机载惯组的在线标校提供一定参考。     

快速定位定向系统设计及车载实验研究

定位定向系统是能为载体提供精确地理位置坐标、指北方向和姿态角的导航系统,通常用于舰船、飞机、车辆等功能平台,为平台上的设备提供准确的位置和姿态参考信息.本文针对车载平台机动性高的特点,设计能够实现运动中对准的快速定位定向系统,开展捷联惯导数字递推算法、航位推算、多源信息组合导航、动基座对准算法、系统免标定、误差补偿等算法和技术研究.最后,开展静态对准、静态导航和动态车载实验研究.实验结果表明,动态对准时间小于5min,对准姿态精度小于1mil,方位保持精度小于1mil/2h,横滚角、俯仰角保持精度小于0.5mil/2h,里程计/惯导组合水平定位精度小于0.15％D,卫星/惯导组合水平定位精度小于10m.     

基于PDR和磁场匹配的智能手机室内定位

目前，基于磁场的室内定位方法存在指纹采集无法快速建库的问题，导致匹配特征较少、无法快速进行匹配操作和航向角估计精度低。基于磁场梯度的快速近似，使用高斯牛顿迭代方法结合通过PDR测量的轨迹进行磁场轮廓匹配定位，提高了单点磁场指纹的可分辨性。基于步态模型的更新用作测量信息以改善C-INS的导航性能，提出了一种基于捷联惯性导航系统的行人航位推算算法。基于MFS参考位置，使用扩展Kalman滤波器控制PDR惯性导航的位置漂移误差，进一步提高了轨迹轮廓的精度。测试结果表明，该算法可以获得更好的位置估计和航向估计结果。     

一种改进的捷联惯导系统划船补偿算法

高精度的划船效应补偿算法是提高高动态、恶劣振动环境下捷联惯性导航系统性能的重要手段之一。鉴于所研究系统的陀螺及加速度计的输出都是脉冲,因此可以转化得到载体的角速率、加速度、角增量和速度增量。本文将角速率,角增量以及加速度,速度增量信号同时引入速度更新计算当中,提出了一类新的划船效应补偿算法。对这类新划船效应补偿算法的系数方程进行了推导并对其补偿性能进行了分析。根据系数方程列出了几种补偿算法的系数和补偿误差。采用典型划船运动作为测试输入,对列出的新算法进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,与传统的划船补偿算法相比,新算法具有更高的补偿精度。     

一种统一惯性导航方法

捷联式和平台式惯性导航系统的导航方程不同:同一惯性测量系统选取不同导航坐标系时,导航方程也不同;各类力学编排形式多样、结构复杂且输出结果具有局限性.针对这些问题,提出一种统一惯性导航方法.惯性导航试验结果表明,基于统一惯性导航方程与基于传统惯性导航方程解算的结果一致,验证了统一惯性导航方程的有效性.     

基于MIMU的适应多步态的步行导航算法

针对目前国内外步态导航算法中引入的零速检测大都不能很好的对多种步态的行走进行辨识的问题,提出了基于低成本MIMU（微惯性测量单元）、且能兼容多种步态的步行导航算法。算法通过采集安置在行人脚部MIMU输出的测量信息,用捷联惯性积分算法进行导航解算。其间,提出一种新的零速检测方法对行走时变化的步速和步型进行准确辨识,进而找到脚步的零速时刻点,并通过设计的扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）对导航解算结果进行零速修正（ZUPT）,实现系统的反馈。最后进行两组实验对算法验证。结果表明,该步态导航算法能对行走时的多步态问题有很好的兼容性,零速修正时刻辨识准确度高,两组实验的导航解算误差均达到0.6%以内,进一步提高了步态导航算法的精度和实用性。     

视觉辅助惯性定位定姿技术研究

在利用视觉系统辅助捷联惯性导航系统( SINS)进行定位定姿时,由于两者输出的位置表示方法不同,在信息融合时会存在匹配问题。以相对地理坐标系作为定位定姿系统的导航坐标系,重新对SINS进行了力学编排,分析了其误差传递特性,建立了相对地理坐标系下的状态方程模型,并利用Kalman滤波器实现了视觉辅助惯性定位定姿算法。仿真结果表明,方法避免了信息融合时位置匹配问题,同时降低了系统的计算量,满足了定位定姿系统的精度要求。     

一种基于可观测度分析的SINS/GPS自适应反馈校正滤波新方法

 针对机载捷联惯导系统(SINS)/全球定位系统（GPS）组合导航系统不完全可观测导致滤波器精度下降甚至发散的问题,提出了一种基于系统状态可观测度分析的自适应反馈校正滤波新方法。该滤波方法改进了系统可观测度的归一化处理方法,将归一化处理后的系统状态可观测度作为反馈因子,对SINS系统进行自适应反馈校正。最后,将该方法应用于机载合成孔径雷达(SAR)运动补偿用SINS/GPS组合导航系统中,飞行试验结果表明该方法在系统不完全可观测的情况下有效地提高了导航精度。