SiCp/Al复合材料加工损伤及刀具优选研究进展

SiC_p/Al复合材料中增强相SiC颗粒的存在降低了该材料的加工性能,使得其切削加工时产生一系列加工损伤。本文综述了SiC_p/Al复合材料的加工缺陷类型、缺陷形成机理、缺陷控制策略和切削刀具的磨损机理与优选策略,并对今后SiC_p/Al复合材料加工损伤研究进行了展望。     

SiCp/Al复合材料切削仿真研究

文摘针对SiC_p/Al复合材料的难加工性,建立了二维有限元切削模型,利用ABAQUS完成复合材料正交切削的动态物理仿真。通过仿真与实验结果的比较,验证模型的准确性。同时,利用该切削模型分析颗粒分布形式、直径及刀尖圆弧半径对切削力的影响。结果表明,SiC颗粒的分布形式对切屑形态和切削力具有明显的影响,颗粒形成团簇不利于复合材料加工。切削力随颗粒直径的增大而减小,随刀尖圆弧半径的增大而增大。     

SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料铣削加工表面质量北大核心CSCD

使用PCD立式铣刀对聚合物浸渍裂解法(PIP)制备的SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料开展单因素铣削试验,通过对加工中产生的切削力和加工后的表面粗糙度进行测量,分析了铣削工艺参数对其的影响;对加工表面、纤维断口进行SEM分析,讨论了SiC_(f)/SiC复合材料加工表面的形成。研究结果表明,表面粗糙度与切削力的变化趋势相同,高主轴转速和小切削宽度有利于得到表面粗糙度较小的加工表面;近孔洞区域与远离孔洞区域的材料去除方式不同;材料中纤维发生面内偏移和层间屈曲,纤维存在多种去除方式。     

Modeling high-speed cutting of SiCp/Al composites using a semi-phenomenologically based damage model

In this paper, we attempts to investigate cutting mechanisms in high-speed cutting of Al6061/SiC_p/15p composites using a semi-phenomenologically based damage model in the equivalent homogeneous material (EHM) framework. By combining macroscale EHM modeling and underlying microscale physical mechanisms, a feasible semi-phenomenological plastic model is proposed for prediction of cutting forces and chip morphology during high-speed turning Al6061/SiC_p/15p composites. This model incorporates the modified Weibull weakest-link effect to represent the strain-based damage evolution in large deformations. This proposed semi-phenomenological constitutive model is implemented by compiling material subroutines into cutting finite element (FE) codes. The effects of the critical shear stresses on chip formation that depend on the tool-chip frictional coefficient are accounted for in the cutting FE model. The chip formation mechanism affecting material removal behaviors during high-speed turning is further investigated. The capabilities of the proposed constitutive model are evaluated by comparing cutting forces and chip morphologies between experiments and simulations at different cutting speeds associated with strain rates. The EHM-based and microstructure-based models are further compared in both computational efficiency and accuracy. The simulation results show that the developed semi-phenomenological constitutive formalism and cutting model are promising and efficient tools for further investigation of dynamic mechanical and cutting behaviors of particle-reinforced composites with different volume fraction and particle size.     

SiCf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料制孔工艺

分别采用机械钻削制孔与激光制孔两种工艺对SiC_f/SiC陶瓷基复合材料进行制孔,对其质量以及工艺特点进行评价分析。结果表明,机械钻削制孔孔径精度较好但存在刀具磨损严重、出现毛刺崩边现象等问题;激光制孔效率较高,但孔存在锥度且因热影响区的存在导致孔的内壁表面出现分层、裂纹等缺陷。     

Influence of TiB2 particles on machinability and machining parameter optimization of TiB2/Al MMCs

In situ formed TiB₂ particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites (TiB₂/Al MMCs) have some extraordinary properties which make them be a promising material for high performance aero-engine blade. Due to the influence of TiB₂ particles, the machinability is still a problem which restricts the application of TiB₂/Al MMCs. In order to meet the industrial requirements, the influence of TiB₂ particles on the machinability of TiB₂/Al MMCs was investigated experimentally. Moreover, the optimal machining conditions for this kind of MMCs were investigated in this study. The major conclusions are: (1) the machining force of TiB₂/Al MMCs is bigger than that of non-reinforced alloy and mainly controlled by feed rate; (2) the residual stress of TiB₂/Al MMCs is compressive while that of non-reinforced alloy is nearly neutral; (3) the surface roughness of TiB₂/Al MMCs is smaller than that of non-reinforced alloy under the same cutting speed, but reverse result was observed when the feed rate increased; (4) a multi-objective optimization model for surface roughness and material removal rate (MRR) was established, and a set of optimal parameter combinations of the machining was obtained. The results show a great difference from SiC particle reinforced MMCs and provide a useful guide for a better control of machining process of this material.     

高体分SiCp/Al复合材料表面吸附氦气特性

针对高体分SiC_p/Al复合材料气密性问题,系统研究了镀覆、原材料方向性对表面氦气吸附性能影响规律。研究发现该材料经镀覆处理后,其表面氦气吸附合格率提高20%,且随着镀层厚度的增加合格率逐渐提高;不同的机械加工方式对表面氦气吸附合格率影响较小;原材料存在方向各异性,横向切削下料方式下氦气吸附合格率高达91%,纵向切削下料方式下合格率仅为68%。     

铝基复合材料在惯性导航仪表中的应用分析

根据惯性仪表的特性，对技术较成熟的碳化硅增强铝基复合材料的稳定性、精密加工性能等进行了分析。指出该材料在惯性仪表中应用的技术条件已经成熟。     

铣削加工参数对SiCp/Al复合材料表面粗糙度的影响

文摘SiC_p/Al复合材料在切削加工中存在严重的表面质量问题。本文设计单因素试验,采用硬质合金涂层刀具对SiC_p/Al复合材料进行铣削加工,研究了加工参数对表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明:表面粗糙度随切削速度的增大先增大后减小,随进给量、径向切深、轴向切深的增大而增大;使用较大的切削速度、较小的进给量和不大于4 mm的径向切深能获得较好的加工表面质量。     

Analytical model of cutting force in axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB2/7050Al PRMMCs

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling has been widely applied in machining the difficult-to-cut materials owing to the remarkable improvements in reducing the cutting force. However, analytical models to reveal the mechanism and predict the cutting force of ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling metal matrix composites are still needed to be developed. In this paper, an analytical model of cutting force was established for ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. During modeling, change of motion of the cutting tool, contact of tool-chip-workpiece and acceleration of the chip caused by ultrasonic vibration was considered based on equivalent oblique cutting model. Meanwhile, material properties, tool geometry, cutting parameters and vibration parameters were taken into consideration. Furthermore, the developed analytical force model was validated with and without ultrasonic vibration milling experiments on in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites. The predicted cutting forces show to be consistent well with the measured cutting forces. Besides, the relative error of instantaneous maximum forces between the predicted and measured data is from 0.4% to 15.1%. The analytical model is significant for cutting force prediction not only in ultrasonic-vibration assisted milling but also in conventional milling in-situ TiB₂/7050Al metal matrix composites, which was proved with general applicability.     

Cutting path-dependent machinability of SiCp/Al composite under multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting

Particle-tool interactions, which govern the synergetic deformation of SiC particle reinforced Al matrix composites under mechanical machining, strongly depend on the geometry of particle position residing on cutting path. In the present work, we investigate the influence of cutting path on the machinability of a SiCp/Al composite in multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting by combining finite element simulations with experimental observations and characterization. Be consistent with experimentally characterized microstructures, the simulated SiCp/Al composite is considered to be composed of randomly distributed polygonally-shaped SiC particles with a volume fraction of 25vol%. A multi-step cutting strategy with depths of cut ranging from 2 to 10 μm is adopted to achieve an ultimate depth of cut of 10 μm. Intrinsic material parameters and extrinsic cutting conditions utilized in finite element simulations of SiCp/Al cutting are consistent with those used in corresponding experiments. Simulation results reveal different particle-tool interactions and failure modes of SiC particles, as well as their correlations with machining force evolution, residual stress distribution and machined surface topography. A detailed comparison between numerical simulation results and experimental data of multi-step diamond cutting of SiCp/Al composite reveals a substantial impact of the number of cutting steps on particle-tool interactions and machined surface quality. These findings provide guidelines for achieving high surface finish of SiCp/Al composites by ultra-precision diamond cutting.     

C/SiC复合材料的制备及加工技术研究进展

碳纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基(C/SiC)复合材料由于其强度高、硬度大、耐磨损,被广泛应用于工业、航空航天等领域,然而C/SiC复合材料难以被稳定地去除加工。本文综述C/SiC复合材料的常见制备方式及其材料的性能特点。概述C/SiC复合材料的传统机械加工、超声辅助加工、激光加工等加工方法,分析了各种加工方法的材料去除机理、加工精度、常见缺陷及加工过程中存在的问题。传统的机械加工需进一步优选切削刀具材料;超声辅助加工需探究超声振动的刀具与材料之间的耦合作用机制、振动作用下的材料去除机理;激光加工要进一步研究2.5维及3维C/SiC复合材料的激光加工去除机理。在这些研究的基础上进一步采用复合加工的方法,探寻C/SiC复合材料高效、精密、稳定和无损加工的可能性。     

SiCp/Al复合材料在太阳电池阵展开机构上的应用

介绍了SiCp/Al复合材料的机械性能、热力学性能、加工性能，以及在太阳电池阵展开机构中的应用情况。分析认为采用SiCp/Al复合材料，充分发挥了其高比模量、高比强度和良好的耐磨性能，其管材、型材已达到了应用阶段。     

考虑基体开裂的陶瓷基复合材料应力-应变曲线模拟方法及验证

提出了蒙特卡罗方法模拟陶瓷基复合材料基体随机开裂过程,采用剪滞模型描述了复合材料出现损伤时细观应力场,并推导得到了考虑基体开裂时复合材料拉伸应力-应变曲线计算公式.开展了室温环境下C/SiC复合材料的单轴拉伸试验,并将理论预测应力-应变曲线与试验结果进行对比.同时,采用该方法对SiC/CAS,SiC/Si₃N₄复合材料应力-应变曲线进行了模拟,并与国外提供的相关试验数据进行比较,发现两者吻合得较好,从而证实了蒙特卡罗法可有效地模拟考虑基体随机开裂过程的陶瓷基复合材料应力-应变曲线.此外,还分析了Weibull模量、残余热应力和初始开裂应力对应力-应变曲线的影响.研究表明:Weibull模量越大,应力-应变曲线非线性越明显;热残余应力越大,应力-应变曲线偏转越早,非线性越明显;初始开裂应力与Weibull模量对应力-应变曲线影响规律相似.      

单向C/SiC复合材料热残余应力数值模拟研究

连续纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料制备过程中因纤维与基体线胀系数失配会产生热残余应力,从而导致纤维脱粘、基体开裂等现象,严重影响复合材料力学性能。本文针对CVI工艺制备的单向C/SiC复合材料,建立"纤维-界面-基体"单胞物理模型,基于细观力学分析方法对热残余应力分布规律进行预测,采用ABAQUS对材料制备过程进行数值模拟,揭示了界面厚度、纤维体积分数、制备温度等参数对纤维、基体热残余应力分布的影响规律,分析了热残余应力对复合材料力学性能的影响。研究结果能够为C/SiC复合材料的设计、分析及微纳力学性能试验提供理论支持。     

CVI工艺对CVI—SiC基体及C/SiC复合材料性能的影响

通过SEM和XRD分析研究了在不同条件下反应生成的SiC基体的微观结构和组分。结果表明，反应温度对沉积SiC晶体的取向有很大的影响，温度在1100℃以下沉积SiC为单一取向(111)(2θ≈35°)面，温度在1100℃以上，沉积SiC主要有两种取向(111)面和(220)(2θ≈60°)面，还有少量的(311)(2θ≈70°)面。不同条件下生成的SiC晶粒的堆积方式有所不同，这直接影响了SiC基体的性能，从而影响了其复合材料的性能。此外反应气体流量也对SiC基体和复合材料性能有很大影响。本文进行了沉积温度和气体流量对SiC基体性能影响的研究，优化了CVI—SiC工艺。     

Multi-channel discharge characteristics cutting by ultra-fine wire-EDM

Compared with a copper wire electrode, molybdenum wire with a poor conductor is usually used as the electrode in high speed wire-cut electrical discharge machining(HSWEDM), so the resistance of an ultra-fine wire cannot be ignored. To study the differences of discharge characteristics between the ultra-fine wire and the conventional diameter wire, the continuous discharge waveform of two kinds of wire electrodes was compared. It was found that there was a multichannel discharge phenomenon in the...     

界面相对3D-C/SiC复合材料热膨胀性能的影响

利用减压化学气相浸渗（LPCVI）技术制备了3D C/SiC复合材料,从热解碳（PyC）界面相厚度对界面结合强度和热应力的影响出发,研究了界面相对复合材料热膨胀性能的影响。结果表明:①界面相厚度对3D C/SiC复合材料热膨胀性能的影响主要归因于其对界面结合强度和脱黏面上的滑移阻力的影响。在一定厚度范围（约70～220nm）内,材料的热膨胀系数随热解碳厚度的增加而逐渐降低;②热处理可提高材料的热稳定性,并通过改变材料内部结构,使热应力重新分布,对复合材料的高温热膨胀产生显著影响,但是,并没有改变基体裂纹的愈合温度（900℃）。     

Study on the Fracture Behavior of SiCp/LD10 Composites by Means of In-situ SEM

With tensile loading under SEM, the nucleation, p ropagation of cracks to fracture of SiC_p/LD10 composites were observed dynamically. It was di scovered that cracks nucleated mainly at the interface of SiC_p/LD10, fractured p articles and original defects. The whole process of crack formation was that mic ro-cracks nucleated, propagated and linked each other in the stress concentrati on zone of the tip of the main crack, then combined in the perpendicular direction of main stress to from a macro-cr ack.     

固体材料比热容随温度变化规律的研究

通过对固体比热容构成的分析,导出了固体材料比热容随温度变化的一般关系式,以Mo、α-Al203 、graphite、W、Si3N4 、SiC等六种材料为例,检验了理论模型的可行性,结果表明,其计算数据和标准数据的相对偏差均在±2％以内,证实了该模型的实用性.