Study of thermo-fluidic characteristics for geometric-anisotropy Kagome truss-cored lattice

The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive comparison of the thermal insulation and heat transfer performance for Kagome truss-cored lattice along two perpendicular orientations OA and OB. Three test conditions are conducted under forced air convection for the titanium sandwich panel fabricated by 3 D printing technology. The thermo-fluidic characteristics are further explored by numerical simulation to reveal the underlying mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement.The results indicate that the orientation OB exhibits better thermal insulation than orientation OA under the identical temperature loading, while the latter outperforms the former by up to 20% higher overall heat transfer performance. In particular, the endwalls and lattice core in orientation OA achieve 9.7% and 22.5% higher area-averaged Nusselt number respectively than that in orientation OB for a given Reynolds number. The heat transfer superiority of orientation OA comes from the unique topology which induces the large scale spiral primary flows, facilitating the heat exchange between the cooling air and the surfaces of sandwich panel. However, the complex flow mixing leads to a maximum of 20% higher friction factor in orientation OA than that in orientation OB.     

Multiscale topology optimization using feature-driven method

This paper presents a multiscale design method for simultaneous topology optimization of both macrostructures and microstructures. Geometric features are extended as design primitives at both macro and micro scales and represented by Level Set Functions (LSFs). Parameters related to the locations, sizes, and orientations of macro and micro features are considered as design variables and optimized simultaneously. In the overlapping areas of different macro features, embedded microstructures are optimally figured out as the solution of the corresponding sub-optimization problem. In this study, the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) is implemented for structural and sensitivity analyses with respect to design variables. This method has the advantage of using a fixed grid independent of the topology optimization process. The homogenization procedure is applied to calculate the effective properties of considered microstructures in each macro feature. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results depict that the multiscale design cannot obviously improve structural stiffness compared with a solid-material design under the linear elastic condition.     

基于拓扑优化和形状优化的桨叶结构设计

直升机旋翼桨叶剖面结构设计是研究旋翼动力学设计的基础。提出一种联合拓扑优化和形状优化的 两级优化设计方法,可用于桨叶剖面结构的设计。第一级优化以变密度法(SIMP)作为拓扑优化的材料插值方 法,以桨叶体积最小化为设计目标,约束桨叶节点位移和应力,建立桨叶的拓扑优化求解模型;第二级优化以重 构的桨叶模型为基础开展形状优化,降低局部应力集中以及找到合理的边界节点位置。对优化后的模型进行 有限元分析,结果表明:通过拓扑优化和形状优化的两级优化,能够得到满足强度和稳定性要求的结构布局,为 桨叶结构设计提供指导方案。     

Layout design of thin-walled structures with lattices and stiffeners using multi-material topology optimization

In this paper, the thin-walled structures with lattices and stiffeners manufactured by additive manufacturing are investigated. A design method based on the multi-material topology optimization is proposed for the simultaneous layout optimization of the lattices and stiffeners in thin-walled structures. First, the representative lattice units of the selected lattices are equivalent to the virtual homogeneous materials whose effective elastic matrixes are achieved by the energy-based homogenization method. Meanwhile, the stiffeners are modelled using the solid material. Subsequently, the multi-material topology optimization formulation is established for both the virtual homogeneous materials and solid material to minimize the structural compliance under mass constraint. Thus, the optimal layout of both the lattices and stiffeners could be simultaneously attained by the optimization procedure. Two applications, the aircraft panel structure and the equipment mounting plate, are dealt with to demonstrate the detailed design procedure and reveal the effect of the proposed method. According to numerical comparisons and experimental results, the thin-walled structures with lattices and stiffeners have significant advantages over the traditional stiffened thin-walled structures and lattice sandwich structures in terms of static, dynamic and anti-instability performance.     

基于ordered-EAMP模型的多材料传热结构拓扑优化

基于多材料变密度拓扑优化方法提出了一种密度指数函数插值的有序多材料性能近似(or-dered exponential approximation of material properties,ordered-EAMP)模型,数学性质以及算例表明,与传统的SIMP/RAMP插值相比,该模型具有计算稳定,收敛速度快,优化结...     

热沉式超燃冲压发动机非稳态热-结构分析

为了评估热沉式超燃冲压发动机非稳态热-结构特性,初步发展了数值模拟方法。将AHL3D计算的超燃发动机三维内流场结果作为输入条件,然后通过参考焓法得到热环境数据,最后将发动机流道的热环境数据和压载数据输入到热/力响应有限元计算程序。通过对地面试验发动机的非稳态热分析计算结果表明,数值模拟方法适用性较好;沿轨道飞行发动机在发动机点火前机体最大温度可达825 K,喷涂绝热涂层能够降低机体温度;发动机机体的应力和位移随着时间的增加而增大。     

Topology optimization of joint load control with geometrical nonlinearity

This paper presents an extended topology optimization approach considering joint load constraints with geo-metrical nonlinearity in design of assembled structures. The geometrical nonlinearity is firstly included to reflect the structural response and the joint load distribution under large deformation. To avoid a failure of fastener joints, topology optimization is then carried out to minimize the structural end compliance in the equilibrium state while controlling joint loads intensities over fasteners. During nonlinear analysis and optimization, a novel implementation of adjoint vector sensitivity analysis along with super element condensation is introduced to address numerical instability issues. The degrees of freedom of weak regions are condensed so that their influences are excluded from the iterative Newton-Raphson (NR) solution. Numerical examples are presented to validate the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method. The effects of joint load constraints and geometrical nonlinearity are highlighted by comparing numerical optimization results.     

Shape preserving topology optimization for structural radar cross section control

The purpose of this paper is to present a shape preserving topology optimization method to prevent the adverse effects of the mechanical deformation on the Radar Cross Section(RCS).The optimization will suppress the variation of RCS on the perfect conductor surface by structural design. On the one hand, the physical optics method is utilized to calculate the structural RCS,which is based on the surface displacement field obtained from the finite element analysis of the structure. The correspondi...     

A review of topology optimization for additive manufacturing: Status and challenges

Topology optimization was developed as an advanced structural design methodology to generate innovative lightweight and high-performance configurations that are difficult to obtain with conventional ideas. Additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing technique building as-designed structures via layer-by-layer joining material, providing an alternative pattern for complex components. The integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing can make the most of their advantages and potentials, and has wide application prospects in modern manufacturing. This article reviews the main content and applications of the research on the integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing in recent years, including multi-scale or hierarchical structural optimization design and topology optimization considering additive manufacturing constraints. Meanwhile, some challenges of structural design approaches for additive manufacturing are discussed, such as the performance characterization and scale effects of additively manufactured lattice structures, the anisotropy and fatigue performance of additively manufactured material, and additively manufactured functionally graded material issues, etc. It is shown that in the research of topology optimization for additive manufacturing, the integration of material, structure, process and performance is important to pursue high-performance, multi-functional and lightweight production. This article provides a reference for further related research and aerospace applications.     

Precise output loads control of load-diffusion components with topology optimization

The purpose of this paper is to present a novel topology optimization approach to control precisely the output loads under static loads and harmonic excitations.We introduce the Artificial Bar Element(ABE) at the designated output positions, where the output loads are equivalently measured and constrained with the nodal displacements of ABE.Optimization model is then formulated considering the output load constraints as well as the minimization of strain energy and dynamic displacement responses...     

Structural topology optimization under stationary random base acceleration excitations

Structural topology optimization subjected to stationary random base acceleration excitations is investigated in this paper. In the random response analysis, the Large Mass Method(LMM) which attributes artificial large mass values at each driven nodal Degree Of Freedom(DOF) to transforming the base acceleration excitations into force excitations is proposed. The Complete Quadratic Combination(CQC) which is commonly used to calculate the random responses in previous optimization has been proven to be computationally expensive especially for large-scale problems. In order to conquer this difficulty, the Pseudo Excitation Method(PEM) and the combined method of PEM and Mode Acceleration Method(MAM) are adopted into the dynamic topology optimization, and random responses are calculated using these two methods to ascertain a high efficiency over the CQC. A density-based topology optimization method minimizing dynamic responses is then formulated based on the integration of LMM and PEM or the combined method of PEM and MAM. Numerical examples are presented to verify the accuracy of the proposed schemes in dynamic response analysis and the quality of the optimized design in improving dynamic performance.     

An aerospace bracket designed by thermo-elastic topology optimization and manufactured by additive manufacturing

Combination of topology optimization and additive manufacturing technologies provides an effective approach for the development of light-weight and high-performance structures.A heavy-loaded aerospace bracket is designed by topology optimization and manufactured by additive manufacturing technology in this work. Considering both mechanical forces and temperature loads, a formulation of thermo-elastic topology optimization is firstly proposed and the sensitivity analysis is derived in detail. The...     

基于拓扑优化的航空发动机滑油箱支架设计

支架是航空发动机滑油箱组件中的重要部件,用于连接和固定滑油箱组件中的箍带.但现有支架设计会引起与之相连的箍带承受偏心拉力,导致结构应力水平偏高进而发生疲劳破坏.本文提出了一种考虑结构局部刚度的拓扑优化方法,能够在提升支架整体刚度的同时兼顾局部刚度,使支架的刚度分布更加合理,进而显著降低与之相连的箍带的应力水平.利用该优...     

Robust optimization of aircraft weapon delivery trajectory using probability collectives and meta-modeling

 Conventional trajectory optimization techniques have been challenged by their inability to handle threats with irregular shapes and the tendency to be sensitive to control variations of aircraft. Aiming to overcome these difficulties, this paper presents an alternative approach for trajectory optimization, where the problem is formulated into a parametric optimization of the maneuver variables under a tactics template framework. To reduce the size of the problem, global sensitivity analysis (GSA) is performed to identify the less-influential maneuver variables. The probability collectives (PC) algorithm, which is well-suited to discrete and discontinuous optimization, is applied to solve the trajectory optimization problem. The robustness of the trajectory is assessed through multiple sampling around the chosen values of the maneuver variables. Meta-models based on radius basis function (RBF) are created for evaluations of the means and deviations of the problem objectives and constraints. To guarantee the approximation accuracy, the meta-models are adaptively updated during optimization. The proposed approach is demonstrated on a typical airground attack mission scenario. Results reveal that the proposed approach is capable of generating robust and optimal trajectories with both accuracy and efficiency.     

Collaborative optimization design of process parameter and structural topology for laser additive manufacturing

High-resolution laser additive manufacturing (LAM) significantly releases design freedom, promoting the development of topology optimization (TO) and advancing structural design methods. In order to fully take advantage of voxelated forming methods and establish the quantitative relationship between the mechanical properties of printing components and multiple process factors (laser- and process- parameters), the concurrent optimization design method based on LAM should cover the process-performance relationship. This study proposes a novel artificial intelligence-facilitated TO method for LAM to concurrently design microscale material property and macroscale structural topology of 3D components by adopting heuristic and gradient-based algorithms. The process–structure–property relationship of selective laser sintering is established by the back propagation neural network, and it is integrated into the TO algorithm for providing a systematic design scheme of structural topology and process parameter. Compared with the classical optimization method, numerical examples show that this method is able to improve the mechanical performance of the macrostructure significantly. In addition, the collaborative design method is able to be widely applied for complex functional part design and optimization, as well as case studies on artificial intelligence-facilitated product evaluation.     

变温热源内可逆布雷顿循环功率密度优化

计人工质与高、低温侧换热器的热阻损失，用有限时间热力学方法，导出了变温热源条件下内可逆布雷顿循环功率密度与压比间的解析式，借助于数值计算，研究了高、低温侧换热器的热导率分配和工质与热源间的热容率匹配对功率最大密度的影响。     

基于熵产最小曲线型散热器参数优化设计

基于参数化设计和模拟方法,采用VB开发了放射状散热器参数化设计模拟软件,可自动生成高质量的六面体网格和进行数值计算.利用该软件快速对风扇散热器组件的结构参数进行性能分析和讨论,加深了对风扇散热器组件各主要参数在散热器整体性能中影响程度的认识.采用并行计算流体力学方法,基于组合优化策略以熵产最小为目标函数对多参数结构风扇散热器组件进行优化,曲线型散热器优化结果比初步设计方案的性能提高了7%.      

结构形式对双层微通道热沉传热性能的影响

设计一种双层微通道热沉,即热沉上下层通道结构相异B（上层为矩形微通道,下层为复杂结构微通道）,旨在降低压降的同时保持良好的换热性能,并与上下层通道均为复杂结构微通道的热沉A作对比。用数值方法研究了顺流和逆流时、不同通道结构（PA、PB、CA、CB）对其传热性能的影响,并用场协同原理分析流场与温度场的协同关系对传热的影响。结果表明:当0相似文献   

吸热型碳氢燃料催化裂解热沉测定

报道了一套高温下测量吸热型碳氢燃料催化裂解热沉的稳态热导型流动热量计，仪器常数标定结果线性关系良好，符合Tian’s方程，可以正常工作；测定了500℃和600℃下吸热型碳氢燃料RL7及NNJ-150在SAPO-34分子筛催化剂上的催化裂解热沉，并与相同条件下热裂解热沉相比较，结果表明，吸热型碳氢燃料在SAPO-34分子筛催化剂上发生催化裂解能够比热裂解获得更高的热沉，燃料吸热工作温度可降低100℃。     

Integrated design of topology and material for composite morphing trailing edge based compliant mechanism

The morphing trailing edge based compliant mechanism is a developing technology which can increase lift-drag ratio for variable flight modes by bending down the trailing edge. Composite material design is integrated into topology optimization for the morphing trailing edge based compliant mechanism in the paper. A two-step optimization strategy is established to solve the integrated design problem. Initially, lamination parameters are introduced and viewed as a bridge between structure stiffness and fiber angles for composite material. Design variables include the lamination parameters and element density. The least-squares between actual and desired displacements at output points along trailing edge is adopted to evaluate the deformed capability of the trailing edge. An integrated optimization model for the composite morphing trailing edge is established with the volume constraints. The optimal topologic shape and lamination parameters are initially obtained. Subsequently, a least-squares optimization between fiber angles and the optimal lamination parameters is implemented to obtain optimal fiber angles. Finally, morphing capability of composites trailing edge based compliant mechanism is investigated by simulation and experiments. The results indicate the composites trailing edge based compliant mechanism can approximately bend down 8 degrees and satisfies the design requirement.