SiCf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料制孔工艺

分别采用机械钻削制孔与激光制孔两种工艺对SiC_f/SiC陶瓷基复合材料进行制孔,对其质量以及工艺特点进行评价分析。结果表明,机械钻削制孔孔径精度较好但存在刀具磨损严重、出现毛刺崩边现象等问题;激光制孔效率较高,但孔存在锥度且因热影响区的存在导致孔的内壁表面出现分层、裂纹等缺陷。     

单向陶瓷基复合材料单轴拉伸强度研究

采用细观力学方法对单向纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料单轴拉伸强度进行研究.采用剪滞模型描述复合材料出现损伤后的细观应力场,结合基体随机开裂模型、断裂力学界面脱黏准则确定基体裂纹间距及界面脱黏长度.当基体裂纹达到饱和后,假设纤维强度服从威布尔分布,完好纤维和断裂纤维承载满足总体载荷承担法则,采用纤维随机失效模型确定继续加载过程中纤维断裂概率及断裂位置,当纤维承载达到最大时,复合材料失效.讨论了基体威布尔模量和特征强度、纤维/基体界面剪应力和界面脱黏能、纤维威布尔模量和特征强度对纤维失效,进而对复合材料拉伸失效强度的影响.与试验数据对比表明:提出的模型是有效的.      

纤维泊松收缩对陶瓷基复合材料基体裂纹演化影响

采用细观力学方法分析了陶瓷基复合材料在单向拉伸载荷作用下纤维泊松收缩对基体裂纹演化的影响,将库仑摩擦法则与拉梅公式相结合分析复合材料细观应力场,结合临界基体应变能准则以及界面脱粘断裂力学方法确定基体裂纹演化,讨论了界面摩擦系数、纤维泊松比、界面脱粘韧性以及纤维体积百分比等参数对界面脱粘和基体裂纹演化产生的影响,并与常界面剪应力假设下基体裂纹演化进行了对比.      

金属基复合材料的强化机制

复合材料的强化机制和强度预报一直是材料学的研究热点 ,因为这涉及到材料的组织设计问题。以往的研究对于金属基复合材料的强化机理有很多种说法 ,而且提出了大量的模型 ,但迄今为止缺乏一个统一而完善的理论。本文总结分析了近年来有关金属基复合材料的强化机制和一些相关的模型 ,并指出了这些强化机制的不足和以后的发展趋势     

3DC／SiC复合材料基体裂纹间距分布规律

采用χ~2拟合优度检验方法对不同界面层厚度的3D C/SiC复合材料基体中裂纹分布进行了研究,结果表明,3D C/SiC复合材料纤维束间基体裂纹间距服从正态分布,而且这种分布是由3D复合材料的编织方式决定的。     

准静态加载下陶瓷基复合材料层合板应力-应变曲线的模拟

采用细观力学方法来模拟纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料层合板在准静态加载下应力-应变行为.采用层合板修正剪滞模型分析复合材料出现损伤时的细观应力场,通过临界基体应变能准则、Nair脱粘准则确定基体裂纹间隔和界面脱粘长度.最后结合剪滞模型和损伤机制模拟陶瓷基复合材料层合板应力-应变曲线,并与试验数据进行比较,结果吻合较好.      

考虑孔隙的三维编织陶瓷基复合材料弹性常数预测方法

提出了利用气孔单元并考虑基体孔隙随机分布来预测三维编织陶瓷基复合材料弹性常数的方法.通过工业computed tomography(CT)扫描技术测得孔隙率,在胞元模型中利用Monte-Carlo仿真技术在基体上随机投入气孔单元来模拟三维编织陶瓷基复合材料中的孔隙,利用胞元有限元模型计算了孔隙率对三维编织陶瓷基复合材料弹性常数的影响规律.结果表明:①孔隙率对三维编织陶瓷基复合材料弹性常数具有明显的影响;②对给定的孔隙率,孔隙的位置分布对沿纤维束方向弹性模量的影响较小;③随着孔隙率增加,沿纤维束方向弹性模量降低.同时,开展了SiC/SiC复合材料的室温拉伸试验,弹性模量计算值和试验结果吻合较好,表明该方法可以用来预测含孔隙的三维编织陶瓷基复合材料的弹性常数.      

陶瓷基复合材料单纤维拔出力学分析

建立了考虑界面滑动摩擦的复合材料单纤维拔出力学模型,得到了包含泊松效应影响的基体轴向应力、纤维轴向应力和界面剪切应力的表达式.针对SiC/RBSN陶瓷基复合材料,在部分脱粘/滑移和完全粘结情况下,对纤维、基体、界面的应力分布进行了分析.计算结果与有限元计算结果相比,具有较好的一致性.结果表明:纤维百分含量的变化能够改变界面发生脱粘/滑移失效点的位置;界面发生脱粘/滑移后的脱粘扩展比界面完全粘结的脱粘扩展更容易发生;不考虑热不匹配的影响,仅通过增加界面摩擦系数不能使应力重分布发生很大变化.      

旋转CVI制备陶瓷基复合材料碳界面层

用旋转ＣＶＩ工艺,通过优化工艺参数,在低压（５ｋＰａ）、高温（１１００℃）、高Ｃ３Ｈ６ 浓度（６２．５ｖｏｌ％ ）以及３．５ｍ ｍ ·ｍ ｉｎ－ １ 碳布旋转线速度条件下,在二维碳布上快速制备了厚度均匀（０．２５μｍ ）、表面规整的致密热解碳界面层。实验结果表明：沉积温度对界面层表面状况有较大的影响;采用减压法与优化沉积炉结构与几何尺寸,能有效防止高温高Ｃ３Ｈ６ 浓度下炭黑的形成。     

Effects of in-situ TiB2 particles on machinability and surface integrity in milling of TiB2/2024 and TiB2/7075 Al composites

In-situ ceramics particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites are favored in the aerospace industry due to excellent properties. However, the hard ceramic particles as the reinforcement phase bring challenges to machining. To study the effect of in-situ TiB₂ particles on machinability and surface integrity of TiB₂/2024 composite and TiB₂/7075 composite, milling experiments were performed, and compared with conventional 2024 and 7075 aluminum alloys. In-situ TiB₂ particles clustered at the grain boundaries and dispersed inside the matrix alloy grains hinder the dislocation movement of the matrix alloy. Therefore, the milling force and temperature of the composites are higher than those of the aluminum alloys due to the increase of the strength and the decrease of the plasticity. In the milling of composites, abrasive wear is the main wear form of carbide tools, due to the scratching of hard nano-TiB₂ particles. The composites containing in-situ TiB₂ particles have machining defects such as smearing, micro-scratches, micro-pits and tail on the machined surface. However, in-situ TiB₂ particles impede the plastic deformation of the composites, which greatly reduces cutting edge marks on the machined surface. Therefore, under the same milling parameters, the surface roughness of TiB₂/2024 composite and TiB₂/7075 composite is much less than that of 2024 and 7075 aluminum alloy respectively. Under the milling conditions of this experiment, the machined subsurface has no metamorphic layer, and the microhardness of the machined surface is almost the same as that of the material. Besides, compared with 2024 and 7075 aluminum alloy, machined surfaces of TiB₂/2024 composite and TiB₂/7075 composite both show tensile residual stress or low magnitude of compressive residual stress.     

层合陶瓷基复合材料多尺度应力-应变计算模型

对层合陶瓷基复合材料(CMCs)的应力-应变行为进行了研究。基于多尺度分析方法,实现了由组分性能参数到层合陶瓷基复合材料整体应力-应变的计算。采用可实现单向纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料应力-应变计算的细观力学模型,由材料的细观组分性能计算出单向板的非线性弹性性能,并将单向板的弹性性能作为层合复合材料模型的输入参数,通过有限元法计算层合陶瓷基复合材料的整体应力-应变响应。与试验数据的对比表明:采用该模型可以实现层合陶瓷基复合材料在单调拉伸载荷及拉伸加卸载条件下应力-应变曲线的预测,其中数据的最大偏离为19.61%.      

加工工艺对C/ SiC 复合材料性能的影响

采用普通磨削和超声辅助磨削工艺对C/Si C复合材料进行加工,对不同加工工艺参数获得的C/Si C复合材料进行表面状态表征及力学性能的测试。结果显示在磨削深度0.05 mm,进给速度600 mm/h,转速1 600 r/min,超声频率14 k Hz的工艺参数匹配条件下,所得到的C/Si C复合材料的表面粗糙度最小,弯曲强度最大。表明超声辅助磨削加工工艺对材料力学性能损伤较小。     

界面层参数对陶瓷基复合材料单轴拉伸行为的影响

采用细观力学方法研究了界面层参数对陶瓷基复合材料单轴拉伸行为的影响.在剪滞模型基础上提出了考虑界面相与界面层效应的力学简化模型,结合临界基体应变能准则、最大剪应力准则、临界纤维应变能准则确定基体裂纹间距、界面脱黏长度和纤维失效百分数,对考虑界面层影响的陶瓷基复合材料拉伸应力-应变曲线进行了模拟,讨论了界面层体积分数、弹性模量及泊松比对拉伸行为的影响,并与试验结果进行了对比,发现考虑界面层及界面相的影响时,界面脱黏和纤维失效段应力-应变曲线与试验数据更接近,预测效果更好.      

陶瓷基复合材料基体裂纹偏转能量释放率研究

采用虚裂纹闭合技术(VCCT)计算了基体裂纹在界面处不同传播路径的能量释放率,并结合基于能量释放率的裂纹偏转准则对陶瓷基复合材料基体裂纹偏转进行了研究.计算了弹性错配参数α和β、基体裂纹扩展长度a、基体裂纹相对扩展长度ad/ap对裂纹偏转的影响,并将VCCT计算结果与积分法的计算结果进行比较.结果表明:VCCT能够准确计算基体裂纹扩展时的能量释放率,计算结果可为研究陶瓷基复合材料失效机制提供一定参考.      

单向陶瓷基复合材料阻尼计算方法

根据陶瓷基复合材料界面脱黏区及黏结区纤维和基体的应力分布,分析了拉伸和卸载时纤维相对基体的滑移机制,发展了单向陶瓷基复合材料阻尼的计算方法,并进行了数值分析.结果表明:①陶瓷基复合材料本身固有黏弹性阻尼很小,材料发生基体开裂后,界面滑移而引起的摩擦耗散成为材料主要的阻尼机制;②减小界面剪应力或减小纤维体积含量可以改善材料的阻尼性能;③材料阻尼随裂纹间距的增大而减小.      

碳化硅纤维增韧碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的发展现状及其在航空发动机上的应用

碳化硅纤维增韧碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料(SiC/SiC CMC)具有低密度、高强高模、耐高温抗氧化、抗蠕变、抗热冲击、耐腐蚀、材料热膨胀系数小等性能优点,在航空发动机上具有巨大的应用潜力。从碳化硅纤维、制备工艺、界面相和涂层等方面综述了国内外SiC/SiC CMC的发展现状,并基于SiC/SiC CMC的性能特点对其在航空发动机燃烧室火焰筒、混合器、涡轮罩环/静子叶片/转子叶片、喷管调节片等热端部件上的应用情况进行了介绍。     

多层界面相陶瓷基复合材料裂纹偏转机制模拟

针对多层界面相陶瓷基复合材料(CMCs)裂纹偏转机制进行了有限元模拟。在圆柱单胞模型中,按照界面相各亚层的实际厚度建立多层界面相几何模型,然后赋予各亚层对应的组分材料参数,获取轴对称有限元模型。在此基础上,采用虚拟裂纹闭合技术(VCCT)分别计算基体裂纹在界面相处偏转与穿透两种情形的能量释放率Gd和Gp,根据断裂力学准则实现对裂纹在多层界面相内部偏转机制的分析。可以看出:各向异性界面相比各向同性界面相内部的Gd/Gp比值更大,更利于裂纹偏转的发生;总厚度相同的多层界面相与单层界面相相比,其内部的Gd/Gp比值更高,裂纹在其内部发生偏转的机会更多,且五层界面相(PyC/SiC/PyC/SiC/PyC)比三层界面相(PyC/SiC/PyC)更利于裂纹发生偏转。      

考虑基体开裂的陶瓷基复合材料应力-应变曲线模拟方法及验证

提出了蒙特卡罗方法模拟陶瓷基复合材料基体随机开裂过程,采用剪滞模型描述了复合材料出现损伤时细观应力场,并推导得到了考虑基体开裂时复合材料拉伸应力-应变曲线计算公式.开展了室温环境下C/SiC复合材料的单轴拉伸试验,并将理论预测应力-应变曲线与试验结果进行对比.同时,采用该方法对SiC/CAS,SiC/Si₃N₄复合材料应力-应变曲线进行了模拟,并与国外提供的相关试验数据进行比较,发现两者吻合得较好,从而证实了蒙特卡罗法可有效地模拟考虑基体随机开裂过程的陶瓷基复合材料应力-应变曲线.此外,还分析了Weibull模量、残余热应力和初始开裂应力对应力-应变曲线的影响.研究表明:Weibull模量越大,应力-应变曲线非线性越明显;热残余应力越大,应力-应变曲线偏转越早,非线性越明显;初始开裂应力与Weibull模量对应力-应变曲线影响规律相似.      

Damage characteristics and constitutive modeling of the 2D C/Si C composite: Part I – Experiment and analysis

This paper reports an experimental investigation on the macroscopic mechanical behaviors and damage mechanisms of the plain-woven(2D) C/Si C composite under in-plane on- and offaxis loading conditions. Specimens with 15, 30, and 45 off-axis angles were prepared and tested under monotonic and incremental cyclic tension and compression loads. The obtained results were compared with those of uniaxial tension, compression, and shear specimens. The relationships between the damage modes and the stress state were analyzed based on scanning electronic microscopy(SEM) observations and acoustic emission(AE) data. The test results reveal the remarkable axial anisotropy and unilateral behavior of the material. The off-axis tension test results show that the material is fiber-dominant and the evolution rate of damage and inelastic strain is accelerated under the corresponding combined biaxial tension and shear loads. Due to the damage impediment effect of compression stress, compression specimens show higher mechanical properties and lower damage evolution rates than tension specimens with the same off-axis angle. Under cyclic tension–compression loadings, both on-axis and off-axis specimens exhibit progressive damage deactivation behaviors in the compression range, but with different deactivation rates.     

Grinding behavior and surface appearance of（TiC_p＋ TiB_w）/Ti-6Al-4V titanium matrix composites

（TiCp＋ TiBw）/Ti-6Al-4V titanium matrix composites（PTMCs） have broad application prospects in the aviation and nuclear field. However, it is a typical difficult-to-cut material due to high hardness of the reinforcements, high strength and low thermal conductivity of Ti-6Al-4V alloy matrix. Grinding experiments with vitrified CBN wheels were conducted to analyze comparatively the grinding performance of PTMCs and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Grinding force and force ratios, specific grinding energy, grinding temperature, surface roughness, ground surface appearance were discussed. The results show that the normal grinding force and the force ratios of PTMCs are much larger than that of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Low depth of cut and high workpiece speed are generally beneficial to achieve the precision ground surface for PTMCs. The hard reinforcements of PTMCs are mainly removed in the ductile mode during grinding. However, the removal phenomenon of the reinforcements due to brittle fracture still exists, which contributes to the lower specific grinding energy and grinding temperature of PTMCs than Ti-6Al-4V alloy.