Failure treatment strategy and fault-tolerant path planning of a space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure

Aiming at a space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure, a failure treatment strategy and fault-tolerant path planning method is proposed in this paper. This method can realize failure treatment of a space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure through determination of the optimal locked joint angle and dynamics model reconfiguration. Fault-tolerant path planning is realized by the establishment of the degraded workspace with integrated kinematics performance (DWWIKP) and an improved A-Star (A1) algorithm. This paper has the following contributions. The determination of the optimal locked joint angle can ensure that the manipulator is able to continue follow-up tasks while maximizing the workspace of the manipulator after locking the fault joint. Underactuated control of a high degree-of-freedom (DOF) manipulator can be effectively solved through dynamics model reconfiguration. The analysis process of the dynamics coupling relationship can be applied to cases where the active joint and the passive joint are parallel or perpendicular to each other. The establishment of the DWWIKP can demonstrate the kinematics performance of the manipulator in both joint space and operation space comprehensively. The improved A1 algorithm based on the integrated kinematics performance index (IKPI) can search a fault-tolerant task trajectory that satisfies the requirements of reachability and the overall kinematics performance simultaneously. The method proposed in this paper is verified by a 7-DOF manipulator, and it is available to any DOF manipulator with free-swinging joint failure.     

Adaptive fuzzy terminal sliding mode control for the free-floating space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure

Space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure simultaneously contains kinematic and dynamic coupling relationships, so it belongs to a new underactuated system. To allow the manipulator to carry on tasks, an effective robust underactuated control method for the space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure is studied in this paper. Considering the effect of model uncertainty and joint torque disturbance, a robust underactuated control system based on the Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (TSMC) is designed, but two drawbacks are discussed: (A) Robustness depraves with eliminating chattering. (B) Control parameters are difficult to be determined under unknown uncertainty and disturbance. To improve the TSMC, the adaptive fuzzy controller is introduced to estimate the real effect of unknown uncertainty and disturbance according to deviations of sliding mode and its reaching law. The estimated result is directly compensated into active joints torque. In simulation, the space manipulator with free-swinging joint executes tasks based on the TSMC and the Adaptive Fuzzy Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (AFTSMC) respectively. Same tasks can be finished with smaller joints torque and stronger robustness based on the AFTSMC. Therefore, AFTSMC can serve as an effective robust control method for the space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure under unknown model uncertainty and torque disturbance.     

基于状态观测器的空间机械臂关节故障诊断

为了实时检测空间机械臂关节故障的发生并获得有效的故障信息,提出一种基于状态观测器的关节故障诊断方法。通过结合滑模变结构控制理论设计滑模状态观测器,获得机械臂各运行状态的残差信息,并将其与设定的阈值比较,实现关节故障的检测。进而引入不同的故障模式,构建故障数据库,将实际关节故障所导致的机械臂故障残差信息与故障数据库对比,完成故障发生位置及其故障程度的识别。所提诊断方法考虑了空间机械臂系统内部强耦合特性,能够及时检测故障的发生并获取有效的故障信息。最后以7自由度空间机械臂为对象开展数值仿真研究,验证了所提关节故障诊断方法的有效性。     

Dynamic modeling and beating phenomenon analysis of space robots with continuum manipulators

Space robotics has been used extensively in complex space missions. Rigid-manipulator space robots may suffer from rigid-body collisions with targets. This collision is likely to cause damage to the space robot and the target. To overcome such a problem, a novel Continuum-Manipulator Space Robot (CMSR) for performing on-orbit servicing missions is proposed in this paper. Compared with rigid-manipulator space robots, CMSRs are able to perform compliant operations and avoid rigid-body collisions with a target. The CMSR consists of two kinds of flexible components, including solar arrays and continuum manipulators. The elastic vibrations of these flexible components disturb the position and attitude of CMSRs. The beating phenomenon introduced by the energy transfer among these flexible components can cause damage to solar arrays. The complicated dynamic coupling poses enormous challenges in dynamic modeling and vibration analysis. The dynamic model for CMSRs is derived and the mechanism of the beating phenomenon is analyzed in this paper. Simulation results show that an obvious beating phenomenon occurs and the amplitude of the solar arrays increases significantly when the natural frequencies of two kinds of flexible components are close. A method is provided to avoid the beating phenomenon.     

Optimal planning for a multi-debris active removal mission with a partial debris capture strategy

In this paper, a new mission model, called a multi-debris active removal mission with partial debris capture strategy, is proposed. The model assumes that a platform only captures part of the scheduled debris at a time and then releases these debris pieces to a disposal orbit. This process is then repeated until all of the scheduled debris is removed. A genetic algorithm with a multiparameter concatenated coding method is designed to optimize the plan of a multi-debris active removal mission wit...     

Postcapture stabilization of space robots considering actuator failures with bounded torques

Space robotics is regarded as one of the most impressing approaches for space debris removal missions. Due to the residual momentum of debris, it is essential to stabilize the base rapidly after capture. This paper presents a novel control strategy for stabilization of a space robot in postcapture considering actuator failures and bounded torques. In the control strategy, the motion of the manipulator is not regarded as a disturbance to the base; in contrast, it is utilized to compensate for the limitation of the control torques by means of an inverse dynamical model of the system. Different scenarios where actuators are external mechanisms or momentum exchange devices have been carried out, and for actuator failures, both single- and two-actuator failures have been considered. Regarding to the performance of actuators, control torques are bounded. In cases that either single or two actuators have failed, the base can be stabilized kinematically when actuators are external mechanisms, but can only be stabilized dynamically when only momentum exchange devices are used. Finally, a space robot with a seven-degree-of-freedom manipulator in postcapture is studied to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed control scheme. Simulation results show that the whole system can be stabilized rapidly.     

搭接长度对CFRP-Al双搭接接头应变分布和失效模式的影响

首先,采用碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）与Al制备不同搭接长度双搭接胶接试验件,利用万能试验机进行拉伸试验,获得载荷-位移曲线和胶接接头失效形貌。然后,依据试验数据,基于连续损伤力学模型和3D Hashin失效判据模拟CFRP层合板损伤与演化,使用内聚力模型模拟胶层和基体损伤,获得CFRP层间应力分布与截面应力分布曲线。最后,在此基础上分析不同搭接长度下双搭接接头载荷-位移曲线与接头破坏模式,研究CFRP内部铺层应力分布对失效形貌影响,探究不同搭接长度下双搭接接头破坏机制。结果表明：搭接长度由20 mm增加至40 mm时,胶接接头力学性能显著提高;搭接长度大于40 mm后,搭接长度对力学性能的影响逐渐减弱。拉伸载荷导致90°纤维附近基体的1和2方向应力较大,产生应力集中,接头发生剪切与剥离破坏。双搭接接头失效过程为一侧发生剪切与剥离破坏,接头转变为单搭接结构,之后瞬间发生失稳,较大的剥离力使接头另一侧发生破坏。     

Decentralized adaptive sliding mode control of a space robot actuated by control moment gyroscopes

An adaptive sliding mode control(ASMC) law is proposed in decentralized scheme for trajectory tracking control of a new concept space robot.Each joint of the system is a free ball joint capable of rotating with three degrees of freedom(DOF).A cluster of control moment gyroscopes(CMGs) is mounted on each link and the base to actuate the system.The modified Rodrigues parameters(MRPs) are employed to describe the angular displacements,and the equations of motion are derived using Kane's equations.The controller for each link or the base is designed separately in decentralized scheme.The unknown disturbances,inertia parameter uncertainties and nonlinear uncertainties are classified as a ‘‘lumped matched uncertainty with unknown upper bound,and a continuous sliding mode control(SMC) law is proposed,in which the control gain is tuned by the improved adaptation laws for the upper bound on norm of the uncertainty.A general amplification function is designed and incorporated in the adaptation laws to reduce the control error without conspicuously increasing the magnitude of the control input.Uniformly ultimate boundedness of the closed loop system is proved by Lyapunov's method.Simulation results based on a three-link system verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

A self-healing strategy with fault-cell reutilization of bio-inspired hardware

The self-healing strategy is a key component in designing the bio-inspired embryonics circuit with the structure of cell arrays. However, the existing self-healing strategies of embryonics circuits mainly focus on permanent faults inside the modules of cells such as the function module and the configuration register, while little attention is paid to transient faults. From the point of view of obtaining high efficiency of hardware utilization, it would be a huge waste of hardware resources by permanent elimination when a cell only suffers a transient fault which can be repaired by a configuration mechanism. A new self-healing strategy, the Fault-Cell Reutilization Self-healing Strategy(FCRSS) which presents a method for reusing transient fault cells, is proposed in this paper. The circuit structures of all the modules in the cells are described in detail. In the new strategy, two processes of elimination and reconfiguration are combined. Within the process of fault-cell elimination, cells with transient faults in the embryonics circuit array could be reused simultaneously to replace the functions of the cells on their left side in the same row. Therefore, transient fault-cells in a transparent state can be reconfigured to realize the fault-cell reutilization. Finally,a circuit simulation, resource consumption, a reliability analysis and a detailed normalization analysis are presented. The FCRSS can improve the hardware utilization rate and system reliability at the expense of a small amount of hardware resources and reconfiguration time. Following the conclusion, the method of determining the optimal self-healing strategy is presented according to the environmental conditions.