弯曲/倾斜叶片对大展弦比涡轮气动性能影响

为了获得弯曲/倾斜导叶对大展弦比低压涡轮气动性能的影响,通过求解基于耦合转捩SST湍流模型的雷诺平均N-S方程组,对GE-E3低压涡轮叶栅的进行了全三维粘性定常与非定常数值模拟。研究了弯曲/倾斜导叶对涡轮级效率的影响,分析了对导叶叶栅气动性能、导叶扩散因子与边界层发展的作用,以及对下游动叶气动性能和动叶吸力面流动特性的影响。结果表明,正弯导叶减小了二次流损失却带了更大的叶型损失,降低了涡轮级效率,而正倾斜改变了上下端壁的二次流损失分配,对总的叶型损失影响较小,在一定角度下能够改善大展弦比涡轮叶栅的气动性能。     

A review of bird-like flapping wing with high aspect ratio

Bird-like flapping-wing vehicles with a high aspect ratio have the potential to fulfill missions given to micro air vehicles, such as high-altitude reconnaissance, surveillance, rescue, and bird group guidance, due to their good loading and long endurance capacities. Biologists and aeronautical researchers have explored the mystery of avian flight and made efforts to reproduce flapping flight in bioinspired aircraft for decades. However, the cognitive depth from theory to practice is still very limited. The mechanism of generating sufficient lift and thrust during avian flight is still not fully understood. Moving wings with unique biological structures such as feathers make modeling, simulation, experimentation, and analysis much more difficult. This paper reviews the research progress on bird-like flapping wings from flight mechanisms to modeling. Commonly used numerical computing methods are briefly compared. The aeroelastic problems are also highlighted. The results of the investigation show that a leading-edge vortex can be found during avian flight. Its induction and maintenance may have a close relationship with wing configuration, kinematics and deformation. The present models of flapping wings are mainly two-dimensional airfoils or three-dimensional single root-jointed geometric plates, which still exhibit large differences from real bird wings. Aeroelasticity is encouraged to consider the nonignorable effect on aerodynamic performance due to large-scale nonlinear deformation. Introducing appropriate flexibility can improve the peak values and efficiencies of lift and thrust, but the detailed conclusions always have strong background dependence.     

大展弦比机翼翼梢装置性能特性研究

针对大展弦比机翼的四发涡桨飞机巡航速度较低、巡航升力系数较大的缺点,通过加装不同的翼梢装置改善翼尖流场特性,从而提高升阻比,提升飞机起飞性能、爬升性能和续航性能。计算结果表明,翼梢装置可有效提高大展弦比机翼飞机的飞行性能,为进一步优化翼梢装置提供了技术基础。     

大展弦比飞机模型边界层转捩模拟技术

针对大展弦比飞机模型高速风洞试验需求,进行了边界层转捩模拟技术研究.研究表明:与传统的金刚砂粗糙带相比,柱状转捩带具有粘贴牢靠、可操作性强等优势,已经推广应用于大展弦比飞机模型高速风洞试验;边界层转捩对大展弦比飞机模型气动特性有重要影响,不仅影响阻力,而且对升力与俯仰力矩均有明显影响;在目前国内低雷诺数风洞条件下建议在边界层固定转捩条件下进行风洞试验,以提高风洞试验精度.     

小展弦比飞翼大迎角状态空间气动力建模

现代军机大迎角区域性能对空中作战优势的建立有着重要影响,针对大迎角区域建立合适的数学模型对于飞行仿真、稳定性分析和控制律设计都有着重要作用,并且对于解决飞行安全问题和研究飞机失速和尾旋问题具有重要意义。针对小展弦比飞翼标模的迟滞特性,对状态空间模型进行改进,应用大振幅强迫振荡试验数据建立了非定常气动力模型,采用风洞典型机动模拟试验验证状态空间模型的有效性和适用性。结果表明：本文发展并改进的状态空间模型能够准确预测小展弦比飞翼标模不同机动下的非定常气动力特性,具有较强的工程实用性。     

通道深宽比对液体火箭发动机推力室再生冷却的影响

应用湍流模型对液体推进剂火箭发动机再生冷却推力室通道的流动与传热进行了三维数值模拟, 冷却工质为氢气, 其密度、导热系数、动力粘度随着温度和压力而变化, 冷却剂比热容及金属固体物性随着温度而变化.计算采用标准k-ε两方程湍流模型及气-固耦合算法.保持再生冷却通道个数及冷却工质进口流量不变, 通过改变通道肋壁厚度来改变冷却通道深宽比, 研究不同深宽比对推力室壁面再生冷却效果的影响规律.计算结果表明:增加通道深宽比对推力室壁面能够起到强化传热的作用, 但同时也增加了冷却通道的进出口压差.这是由于冷却工质流速的增高, 从而提高了推力室传热系数.随着深宽比不断增加, 推力室再生冷却效果趋于饱和, 而冷却工质进出口压降则不断上升.