Influence of welding parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of electron beam welded Ti60 to GH3128 joint with a Cu interlayer

Effects of welding parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti/Cu/Ni joint welded by electron beam were investigated. High welding heat input increased the melting quantity of Ti60 titanium alloy and promoted the formation of Ti–Cu intermetallic compounds (IMC) such as Ti₂Cu and Ti₃Cu₄, increasing the brittleness of the joints. Low welding heat input was not conducive to the complete melting of the copper interlayer, and the unmelted copper reduced the performance of the joints. Under the optimal welding parameters, Ti–Ni IMCs in the weld would be replaced by (Cu, Ni) solid solutions ((Cu, Ni)_ss). However, Ti–Cu IMC layers cannot be eliminated entirely by changing the welding parameters. The maximum tensile strength of the joints was 201 MPa. The fracture of the joints occurred at the Ti–Cu IMC layer, which was a typical brittle fracture.     

Fe含量对2219铝合金锻件焊接组织与性能的影响

为研究杂质Fe元素对2219铝合金及其焊接接头的组织、性能以及电化学腐蚀性能等的影响,采用力学拉伸、焊接试验以及金相和扫描电镜等分析测试方法,对0.15%(w)至0.01%(w)等不同Fe元素含量的2219铝合金锻件进行实验研究和分析。研究表明:2219铝合金中经热变形加工存在网络状Al_2Cu变成颗粒状和纤维状的Al_7Cu_2(Fe,Mn)相,随着Fe含量由0.15%(w)降低至0.01%(w),合金固溶时效后的Al_7Cu_2(Fe,Mn)相显著减少,锻件强度和塑性显著提高;合金焊接接头断口由脆性断裂逐渐转变为韧窝尺寸细小的韧性断裂,尤其对于延伸率,提高至近1.4倍,强度和塑性显著提高;合金的自腐蚀电流逐渐减小,单位面积上的线性极化电阻增大,合金焊接接头的耐腐蚀性能显著提高。     

TC18钛合金焊接接头力学性能试验研究

氩弧焊和电子束焊是钛合金加工中两类常见的工艺方法,对比研究两种工艺对焊接接头力学性能的影响对其在工程中的合理选用具有重要的参考价值。完成了TC18钛合金氩弧焊接头和电子束焊接头的静力拉伸及旋转弯曲疲劳试验,并根据试验结果对两类焊接接头的力学性能进行了对比分析,采用统计学方法给出了二者的中值疲劳寿命SN曲线及疲劳极限。研究结果表明：氩弧焊接头焊缝区内晶粒粗大,使得材料的力学性能明显劣化;电子柬焊接头具有更高的抗拉强度与更好的高周疲劳性能,更有利于工程应用。     

Joining of SiO2 ceramic and TC4 alloy by nanoparticles modified brazing filler metal

Nano-Al₂O₃ particles modified AgCuNi filler was adopted to braze the SiO₂ ceramic and TC4. The effects of filler size as well as the brazing temperature on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical property of the joints were investigated. Nanoscale filler reduced the phases dimension and promoted the homogeneous distribution of microstructure, obtaining a higher joint strength when compared to microscale filler. The increase of brazing temperature made the accelerating dissolution and diffusion of Ti, which promoted the increase of thickness of Ti₄O₇ + TiSi₂ layer adjacent to SiO₂ ceramic and diffusion layer zone nearby TC4 alloy. The hypoeutectic structure was produced in the brazing seam due to the high Ti content. The maximum shear strength of ∼40 MPa was obtained at 950 °C for 10 min.     

Evaluation of tensile properties of a compositemetal joint with a novel metal insert design by experimental and numerical methods

Composite-metal joints with a metal insert are one kind of connecting structure.In this paper,tensile experimental tests were carried out to investigate tensile properties of a composite metal joint with a novel metal insert design.Finite element models of the joint were established,and strain distribution and tensile strength were analyzed.The numerical results are in good agree ment with the experimental results.Results show that the joint failure is dominated by shear properties of the resin layer.Increasing the resin layer thickness in a certain range will improve the tensile strength of the joint,while increasing the radius of the fillet on the ending side of the metal insert will decrease the joint strength.Increasing the resin layer plasticity will improve the joint strength.The effect of the embedded depth of the metal insert can be ignored.     

AA2024铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头特性研究

对6 mm厚AA2024-T4铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头特性进行了研究。通过拉伸试验,得到了应力-应变曲线。用光学显微镜、显微硬度仪以及扫描电镜对焊接接头进行了金相分析、硬度测试以及断口分析。结果表明：试件断裂属于韧性断裂;断裂发生在前进侧热机影响区/热影响区的过渡区;当搅拌头转速为800 r/min,焊接速度为100 mm...     

Tensile properties analysis of CFRP-titanium plate multi-bolt hybrid joints

Hybrid joints have better tensile properties than pure bonded and bolted bolts, and are increasingly used in the aerospace field. Tensile tests are carried out for the Hybrid Bonded/Bolted(HBB) joints of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer(CFRP) laminate and titanium alloy plate under different bolt numbers, and the corresponding load–displacement curves are obtained. At the same time, based on Continuum Damage Mechanics(CDM) theory, which is derived from 3D Hashin failure criteria, and a Cohesive Z...     

Effects of RRA Treatments on Microstructures and Properties of a New High-strength Aluminum-Lithium Alloy-2A97

A new high strength 2A97 Al-Cu-Li-X alloy was subjected to triple-aging of retrogression and re-aging treatments (RRA). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile tests were used to investigate the effects of RRA treatment on the microstructures and properties. DSC test reveals the reversion temperature range of the strengthening δ' (Al3Li)phase. The results show that the microstructure consists of δ' (Al3Li) phase, T1 (Al2CuLi) phase and θ"/θ'(Al2Cu) phase for 2A97 alloy treated by a triple-aging ora retrogression and re-aging treatment in the following order: (1) at 165 ℃×30 min, (2) at 220 ℃ or 240 ℃×15 min, (3) at 165 ℃×24 h. The plastic deformation, incorporated into the treatment after secondary high temperature aging, promotes the T1 precipitation during final re-aging. The tensile properties of the alloy treated by the retrogression and re-aging treatment reach the peak level of alloy single-aged at 165 ℃ in T6 temper.     

TA15钛合金电子束焊平行焊缝形貌及显微组织研究

对TA15钛合金厚板电子束焊接均匀焊缝即熔合线近似平行的焊缝的电子束焊接工艺进行了研究,获得了一系列均匀焊缝的焊接工艺方法。选用加速电压为140kV、焊接速度600mm/min,聚焦电流318mA和338mA,电子束流43mA和50mA的工艺条件获得了2种形状的焊缝。研究结果表明,电流越大,焊缝显微组织越粗大,热影响区越宽,接头显微硬度曲线也越平滑。     

TC4钛合金电子束焊接接头中值疲劳寿命研究

研究了TC4钛合金母材及2种不同焊接工艺电子束焊接接头的拉伸性能和疲劳性能,测试了同一应力水平下的疲劳寿命.疲劳测试试验结果表明:与母材相比,TC4钛合金电子束焊接后拉伸性能提高,延伸率降低.     

纤维铺层方式对CFRP?铝合金单搭接胶接接头拉伸性能影响

为了分析异质材料胶接接头内部典型应力分布规律与刚度退化特点,探究不同铺层方式对异质材料单搭接胶接接头内部应力分布状态影响规律,开展试验和仿真相关研究。首先,制备不同铺层方式的CFRP（carbon fiber reinforce plastic）?铝合金单搭接胶接接头试验件,使用拉伸试验机进行拉伸试验,获得基本试验数据。其次,利用连续损伤模型、3D Hashin失效判据和Cohesive Zone Model研究异质材料胶接接头不同部位典型破坏特点。结果表明,随着复合材料板中0°铺层比例增加,胶接接头极限载荷呈现增加趋势,与之相反接头拉伸位移逐渐缩短。接头铺层方式与载荷方向共同影响胶接接头力学性能,当复合材料板内部各个方向纤维铺层较为均匀时,可以有效降低接头应力集中,载荷方向与铺层纤维方向一致时,可有效提高接头连接强度。复合材料板中0°铺层占比对接头的极限载荷和刚度退化（scalar stiffness degradation,SDEG）影响较大,0°占比越小接头承载能力越弱,接头刚度退化越复杂。      

AuNi9 导电环刷丝的钎料成分改进及性能分析

采用Sn Pb、In Pb和In Pb Ag三种钎料对航天器控制系统中的Au Ni9刷丝进行了钎焊试验,对钎焊接头的力学性能、断口形貌以及微观组织、化合物相成分进行对比分析,探讨改进后钎料对钎焊接头化合物层形成的影响。结果表明,Sn Pb钎料钎焊Au Ni9刷丝接头区域靠近金合金一侧产生了明显的化合物,主要包括:Au Sn4及Au Ni2Sn4和Ni3Sn4化合物相。In Pb钎料能明显降低钎焊接头脆性,接头区域未发现金属间化合物的产生。InPb Ag钎料不仅能保护铜导线的镀银层,而且钎焊接头还会产生细小的强化相Ag2In,增强接头剪切强度。     

2219薄板铝合金浮动式双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接及组织性能分析

以运载火箭助推器贮箱广泛应用的4 mm厚2219薄板铝合金为焊接对象,研制了浮动式双轴肩搅拌头,分析了内部塑性金属流动模式及特点,并推测出需匹配较低焊接热输入才能获得优质焊缝。工艺探索及优化试验结果直接验证了焊缝内部塑性金属流动模式及推测。接头宏观组织形貌分析结果显示:不同焊接速度下的焊缝横截面宏观形貌都可以观察洋葱环特征,且随着焊接速度提高,洋葱环特征越发增多,并从靠近前进侧的焊核区逐渐向后退侧孕育发展,这也有效验证了薄板铝合金双轴肩搅拌头的设计思路。薄板铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头横截面显微硬度分布均呈"U"型,接头显微硬度最低点位于焊核区与后退侧热机影响区的交界处。接头力学性能测试结果显示:随着焊接速度逐渐升高,接头抗拉强度逐渐升高,且当焊接速度达到350 mm/min时,接头抗拉强度达到最高值。铝合金浮动式双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头延伸率整体较高,焊接速度对其影响不大。铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接头正、背弯均可以达到180°无裂纹。基于立式纵缝搅拌摩擦焊系统成功实现了2 m长试片的浮动式双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊,累计焊接长度达到60 m,且双轴肩搅拌头完整,未发现裂纹、扭曲或其他损伤。     

TA16钛合金导管的自动钨极旋转氩弧焊

针对2种规格的TA16钛合金导管开展不加填充的自动钨极旋转氩弧焊工艺试验,确定最佳的焊接工艺参数,并对其焊接接头的质量和性能进行了分析.结果表明:采用自动氩弧焊工艺焊接TA16钛合金导管,能够获得良好的焊接接头;接头室温拉伸强度能达到母材的95%以上;随着温度的升高,TA16导管接头的拉伸强度逐渐下降.     

A356-T6/6061-T6异种铝合金搅拌摩擦焊的工艺研究

通过对6 mm厚的A356-T6/6061-T6异种铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊工艺试验研究,采用OM、SEM、万能拉伸试验机、显微硬度仪等分析了母材位置、焊接速度对接头组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明:当旋转速度为1 000 r/min、焊接速度为100~400 mm/min时,均可获得内部无明显缺陷、外观良好的异种铝合金接头;A356-T6铝合金置于前进侧时有利于材料的迁移,焊缝区组织由典型的焊核区、热机械影响区和热影响区特征组织组成,焊核区域晶粒由表层向底层逐渐细化;接头拉伸性能随焊接速度的增加而增大;焊接速度较低时,A356合金位于前进侧有利于获得强度更高的接头,而焊接速度较高时,6061位于前进侧有利于获得高性能接头,且接头的屈服强度和延伸率均较A356位于前进侧时高;无论A356还是6061置于前进侧,接头的断裂位置均位于A356侧热影响区,与母材放置位置无关,这与焊缝硬度最小值区位置相吻合。     

2219 铝合金VPTIG 焊接接头拉伸性能分析

2219 铝合金气孔敏感性较强,变极性TIG 焊接工艺可以有效减少和抑制气孔产生,是适合于
2219 铝合金的焊接工艺。本文介绍了2219T62 铝合金VPTIG 焊接接头的拉伸性能,进行了拉伸断口形貌分析
和微观组织分析。结果表明:2219T62 铝合金VPTIG 焊接接头强度系数可以达到65% 以上,焊接接头为混合
断裂方式,VPTIG 焊缝盖面层气孔相比打底层较多。     

Effects of different aging treatments on microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Li alloy joints welded by electron beam welding

Post-weld single aging treatment(solution treatment at 510 ℃ for 1 h, water quenching,and aging at 155 ℃ for 16 h) and post-weld double aging treatment(solution treatment at 510 ℃ for 1 h, water quenching, aging at 155 ℃ for 16 h, and aging at 130 ℃ for 12 h) are carried out on Al-Cu-Li alloy joints by electron beam welding(EBW) respectively. The effects of aging treatments on microstructures and mechanical properties of welded joints are investigated. Results show that the mechanical properties of welded joints are obviously improved after both aging treatments. The strength coefficient of joints is increased from 0.64 in an as-welded condition(AW) to 0.90 after post-weld double aging treatment. Microstructure analysis shows that the precipitates of the fusion zone within grains and grain boundaries are less in the AW condition. After post-weld heat treatment(PWHT), a lot of fine needle-like phases T_1(Al_2 Cu Li) precipitate in grain boundaries of the fusion zone, and more horseshoe-shaped β' (Al_3 Zr) particles precipitate within grains. In addition,grains of the fusion zone are refined after post-weld double aging treatment, which leads to an effect of grain refinement strengthening. Consequently, the mechanical properties of welded joints are greatly improved.     

弯曲纤维对SiO2f/SiO2复合材料拉伸强度的影响

以SiO_(2f)织物作为增强相,采用循环浸渍固化工艺,制备了SiO_(2f)/SiO_2复合材料。在制备过程中,通过对SiO_(2f)织物进行模压处理,使SiO_(2f)呈现出不同程度的弯曲,测定了纤维弯曲后复合材料的拉伸强度,研究了纤维弯曲时复合材料的断裂过程。结果表明:弯曲纤维将导致复合材料的拉伸强度下降,最低拉伸强度仅为5.5 MPa,纤维弯曲时复合材料的断裂过程为逐层断裂,断裂应变增加,最大断裂应变达到1.19%。     

激光焊接ZL114A/5A06 异种铝合金接头组织及性能

采用激光焊接ZL114A/5A06异种铝合金,通过参数优化以获得性能优良的焊接接头,利用光学显微镜(OM)、拉力试验机、高温疲劳试验机、SEM和EDS对接头的显微组织、力学性能和拉伸断口进行了研究。结果表明:焊缝中心区的金相组织为等轴晶;接头焊后不经热处理,抗拉强度可达到265 MPa,为母材强度的80%以上,并有很好的抗疲劳性能;断口分析显示断裂位置在ZL114A母材一侧的熔合线附近;在保证焊透的前提下,激光功率越小,晶粒越细小,接头强度越高。对框架蒙皮结构铝合金贮箱产品试验件进行了焊接,试验件达到了产品各项性能指标要求。     

TC17钛合金焊接接头组织与力学性能分析

对TC17钛合金薄板采用氩弧焊和电子束焊两种焊接方法焊接,进行了拉伸试验,结合拉伸试验结果与断口形貌,对比分析了力学性能与焊接接头组织之间的联系。研究结果表明,TC17钛合金在经历TIG焊接热循环后,焊缝及靠近焊缝的热影响区晶粒粗化,电子束焊接头热影响区较窄且没有粗晶区形成;两种焊接试样抗拉强度均与母材等强;相对延伸率有所降低,主要是热影响区及焊缝的组织变化所致;氩弧焊焊缝组织较不均匀性更为显著。